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Ama-FM Broadcast Transmitters

Lolu chungechunge luqukethe inqwaba yabasakazi be-FM abathengekayo abavela Amandla aphansi omsakazo we-FM kufika ku-100W, Izidlulisi zamandla amaphakathi FM kusuka ku-100W ukuya ku-1000W, Ama-transmitter anamandla e-FM aphezulu kuze kufike ku-10kW. Zisebenza njengochungechunge olulodwa lwendalo yokusakaza ye-FMUSER. Zisetshenziswa eziteshini eziningi zomsakazo we-FM ezisakazwayo, isibonelo, emasontweni angena ngaphakathi nasezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, iziteshi zomsakazo zomphakathi, iziteshi zomsakazo zasemadolobheni, njll., ziyatholakala nasezinkampanini namaqembu, izinhlangano ezilawulayo, izibhedlela, ezemidlalo. izimboni, izinkampani zikazwelonke, njll. Njengoba kancane kancane sicebisa ulwazi oluqoqwe ohlelweni lokukhiqiza nokudayisa abasakazi be-FM, ungasithinta futhi usibonise izidingo zakho ezingokwezifiso eqenjini lethu le-RF lochwepheshe. Samukela izinsiza zangokwezifiso zamandla omsakazo, ilogo yebhrend, i-casing nezinye izinsiza zomsakazo we-FM. Siphinde sinikeze ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho. Izindaba ezimnandi kangaka uma usuvele ukhona, noma usendleleni yokuba ngu-opharetha wesiteshi somsakazo esithengisayo!

 

Ama-FM Radio Transmitters: Isingeniso Esigcwele esivela ku-FMUSER

 

Ngokuvamile, i-FM transmitter iyisifinyezo somsakazo we-FM, osetshenziswa kakhulu ukudlulisa izinhlelo zezwi nezomculo zeziteshi zomsakazo we-FM ngaphandle kwentambo. Njengethuluzi lokuxhumana elilula, isidlulisi se-FM sithandwa kakhulu ngoba singakwazi ukwenza ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo kweselula ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwesiteshi esidluliswayo.

 

Umsakazi we-FM uqala ngokumodela isiginali yomsindo kanye nenkampani ephethe imvamisa ephezulu ibe yigagasi le-FM, ukuze imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi yefrikhwensi ephezulu ishintshe nesignali yomsindo, bese ikhulisa, ijabule, futhi ifanise isikhulisamandla nochungechunge lwe-FM. ukuphazamiseka kusiginali ekhiqizwe imvamisa ephezulu, ukuze Isiginali iphumele othini bese ithunyelwa. Isiginali ye-high-frequency ikhiqizwa yi-frequency synthesis, i-PLL, njll.

 

Ibanga lefrikhwensi yomsakazo we-FM ojwayelekile wentengiso ngu-88-108MHZ, kanti lelekhampasi lingu-76-87MHZ kanye no-70-90MHZ.

 

Noma yisiphi isiteshi somsakazo we-FM, kungakhathalekile ukuthi singakanani (umsakazo kazwelonke, umsakazo wesifundazwe, umsakazo kamasipala, umsakazo wesifunda, umsakazo welokishi, umsakazo wedolobhana, umsakazo wekhampasi, umsakazo webhizinisi, isiteshi somsakazo samasosha, njll.) , Konke kuzokwakhiwa imishini yokulawula ukusakaza okulalelwayo, okokusebenza kokudlulisa, isidlulisi se-FM kanye nesiphakeli se-antenna.

 

Imvamisa, amazinga wamandla omsakazo we-FM angu-1W, 5W, 10W, 30W, 50W, 100W, 300W, 500W, 1000W, 3KW, 5KW, 10KW. Ama-transmitters akhethekile we-FM nawo angenziwa ngezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela.

 

Isebenza kanjani i-FM Radio Transmitter?

 

Ngokuvamile, i-transmitter iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: ingxenye yefrikhwensi ephezulu, ingxenye yefrikhwensi ephansi kanye nengxenye yokuphakelwa kwamandla. Ingxenye yamafrikhwensi aphezulu ngokuvamile ihlanganisa i-oscillator eyinhloko, isikhulisi sesikhumbuzi se-buffer, isiphindaphinda samaza, isikhulisi esimaphakathi, isiteji sokuthuthukisa isikhulisi samandla kanye nesikhulisi samandla sokugcina. Indima ye-oscillator eyinhloko ukukhiqiza igagasi elithwalayo elinemvamisa ezinzile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwemvamisa, isiteji se-oscillator esiyinhloko sivame ukusebenzisa i-quartz crystal oscillator, futhi isigaba se-buffer sengezwa ngemuva kwaso ukuze senze buthaka ithonya lesiteji sokugcina ku-oscillator eyinhloko. Ingxenye yefrikhwensi ephansi ihlanganisa umbhobho, isigaba sokukhulisa amandla kagesi we-low-frequency, isigaba sokukhulisa amandla we-low-frequency kanye nesigaba sokugcina sokukhulisa amandla e-low-frequency. Isignali yefrikhwensi ephansi ikhuliswa kancane kancane ukuze ithole ileveli yamandla edingekayo kusikhulisamandla sokugcina samandla, ukuze kulungiswe isikhulisi samandla sokugcina esinemvamisa ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, isigaba sokugcina sokukhulisa amandla emvamisa ephansi sibizwa nangokuthi i-modulator. Ukushintshashintshashintshashintshashintshayo kuyinqubo yokulayisha ulwazi okumele ludluliselwe kusignali ethile ye-high-frequency oscillation (imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi). Ngakho-ke, isigaba sokugcina samandla we-high-frequency amplifier siba i-amplifier elawulwayo.

 

Ngabe I-FM Radio Transmitter izovala kuze kube nini?

 

Amanye amakhasimende avame ukusicela ulwazi oluthile lwemishini yomsakazo, njengokuthi “Ungasakha kanjani isiteshi somsakazo esiphelele ngezindleko eziphansi?”, noma “Indlela yokukhetha i-dipole antenna yesidluliseli sami se-FM enamandla aphezulu? 6-bay dipole antenna noma 8 bays?", njll. Into ethokozisayo ukuthi, bafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana nobubanzi bomsakazo we-FM futhi baphakamise imibuzo eminingi ehlobene konjiniyela bethu be-RF. Futhi okuqukethwe okulandelayo kuyingxenye ye Uhlu lwemibuzo evame ukubuzwa ebangeni lesidlulisi se-FM kanye nesabelo esihambisanayo. Sithemba ukuthi lesi sabelo esitholakala kuma-transmitter singakusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga zakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungomunye wamakhasimende ethu noma cha.

 

Izinto Okufanele Uzazi Ngaphambili

 

  1. Irediyasi yokusakaza yokusakaza okungenantambo kufanele inqunywe ngokuya ngezimo zangempela zendawo. Ezindaweni ezivulekile uma kuqhathaniswa, ibanga lokudlulisela ezindaweni eziyisicaba lide uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi nebanga lokudlulisela ezindaweni ezinamagquma nezintaba lizoba buthaka.
  2. Umgomo wokukhetha wamandla okudlulisela: ibanga ukusuka esikhungweni sokudlulisela ukuya endaweni ekude kakhulu, ukuminyana kwezithiyo ezizungezile, nokuthi ukuphakama kwe-antenna kuyindawo ephakeme kakhulu endaweni ezungezile.
  3. Ngenxa yobude obuphansi be-antenna, ukulahleka kwekhebula le-RF kuncane, futhi uthi lungase lusebenze lusesimweni esingcono ngalesi sikhathi, ngakho-ke cabanga ngokuhwebelana phakathi kobude be-antenna nenani lezintambo ze-RF ezidingekayo.
  4. Ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwemishini yokusakaza yehadiwe, sicela uqiniseke ukuthi uyayinaka imithetho yabaphathi bomsakazo wendawo ekuphakameni kothi ukuze uvimbele izinhlawulo (kwezinye izindawo, izinhlawulo zobude obungafanele bezinti zinzima impela).

 

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa kumakhasimende ethu:

 

  • Umsakazo we-1-watt ungadlulisa kude kangakanani?
  • Ngabe isidluliseli esingu-1 watt FM sizofinyelela kude kangakanani?
  • Ngabe isidluliseli esingu-5-watt FM sizohamba kude kangakanani?
  • Luyini uhla lwe-15w FM transmitter?
  • Ngabe isidluliseli esingu-15w FM sizosakaza kude kangakanani?
  • Ingakanani ibanga lekhilomitha lesidlulisi se-15W FM
  • Liyini ishadi lebanga lomsakazo we-FM?
  • Ngabe isidluliseli esingu-100 watt FM sizofinyelela kude kangakanani?
  • Ngabe isidluliseli esingu-5000 watt FM sizofinyelela kude kangakanani?
  • Umsakazo we-FM ongu-50000 watts ungafinyelela kude kangakanani?
  • Ungabala kanjani uhla lwe-FM transmitter/i-FM transmitter range calculator?

  

Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi, lapho amakhasimende ethu efuna ukwazi ukusakazwa komsakazi wethu womsakazo, siyohlala sisho kusenesikhathi: “Awukwazi ukuba nenombolo enembile yobubanzi bokusakazwa komsakazo we-FM (kungakhathalekile amandla noma uhlobo), ngaphandle kokuthi uselabhorethri! "Isizathu esenza sikwazi ukuchaza lokhu kumakhasimende ethu ukuthi ngokubona kwethimba lethu lochwepheshe be-RF, kunezici ezingaphezu kweyodwa ezithinta ukusakazwa komthumeli. Amandla eradial asebenzayo (ERP) kanye nobude besayithi le-antenna ngaphezu kwendawo emaphakathi (HAAT), nokunye okuguquguqukayo okuningi nakho kuyizici ezibalulekile okudingeka sizicabangele.

 

Ngakho-ke, ukuze sanelise amakhasimende ethu ngezimpendulo zangempela futhi sisize ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezingokoqobo, onjiniyela bethu be-RF nethimba labadayisi bavame ukunikeza izinombolo ezithile. Isibonelo, kumakhasimende abuza mayelana nokumbozwa kwama-transmitter anamandla aphansi, sivame ukuthi: "I-15W FM transmitter ingamboza kufika ku-3km, kanti i-25W FM transmitter ingakwazi ukumboza kufika ku-5km. njengoba 10km noma 20km, kufanele ukhethe 150W noma 350W FM ukusakaza transmitter ngoba makhulu emandleni okudlulisa"

 

Ithebula lereferensi ye-FM Radio Transmitter limi kanje:

 

Amandla okudlulisa (W)  I-Coverage Radius (Amamayela)
5W 0.3 - 0.6
10W 0.5 - 0.9
20W 0.9 - 1.2
30W 0.9 - 1.8
50W 1.2 - 3
100W 1.8 - 3.7
300W 4.9 - 6
500W 6 - 9
1KW 12 - 15
3KW 15 - 21

 

Ngokuvamile, ibanga lokudlulisela lesidlulisi se-FM lihlobene namandla okudlulisela, ukuphakama kwe-antenna yokudlulisela, kanye nemvelo yokudlulisela yendawo (izimo zendawo). Irediyasi yokumboza yesidlulisi esingaphansi kuka-50W ingaphakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-10, kanti umsakazi we-FM ongu-3KW ungafinyelela ku-60KM.

 

Isiteshi somsakazo esinendawo enkulu yokusakaza sidinga isidluliseli se-FM esinamandla amakhulu okudlulisa kanye nothi olungenisa inzuzo ephezulu futhi lumiswe endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu komhlaba; kuyilapho isiteshi somsakazo esinendawo encane yokusakaza sidinga isidluliseli se-FM esinamandla amancane okudlulisela kanye nothi oluzuzayo olufanele futhi lwakhiwe endaweni ephakeme efanele.

 

Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abasanda kuhlanganyela emsakazweni, lezi zibalo ezinembayo zingadala ukungezwani okungadingekile futhi zibaphushele ezicini zokucabanga ezizothinta ukusakazwa komsakazi we-FM. Yize izimpendulo ezihambisanayo zizuzwa kanzima, sisafingqa izici ezilandelayo ezinganquma ukusabalala (okusho ukuthi zingahamba kude kangakanani) komsakazi we-FM:

 

Inani lamandla okukhipha i-Transmitter (TPO)

 

I-TPO ifushaniswe ku- "Transmitter Power Output" emkhakheni wokuxhumana okungenantambo, empeleni ibhekisa emandleni akhiphayo akhiqizwa isidlulisi, uma utshelwe ukuthi "Lesi isidluliseli sethu se-5kW FM esithengiswa kakhulu", bese kuba yi-"5kW" ihlale ibonwa njengamandla e-ERP (Amandla Asebenza Ngemisebe Amandla) esikhundleni samandla angempela wesidlulisi. I-TOP ixhumene kakhulu nezindleko, ukuthenga, isabelomali, njll., ikakhulukazi ngoba ukumbozwa okubanzi okufika nenani eliphezulu lokuthenga kweminye yemishini yesiteshi somsakazo efana nomsakazi we-FM kanye nezimpondo zomsakazo we-FM. Ngakho-ke, i-TOP, kanye nokuzuza kwe-antenna, yizinto ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele zicatshangelwe ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokuqala sokwakhiwa kwesiteshi somsakazo, lapho unquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo nokuthi yiziphi izisetshenziswa ezilungele ibhajethi yakho.

  

Ukuphakama Ngaphezu Kwe-Average Terrain (HAAT)

 

Ekusakazweni komsakazo, i-HAAT noma i-EHAAT(i-HAAT esebenzayo), noma ukuphakama ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sezwe empeleni kubhekisela ebangeni eliqhathanisekayo liqonde phezulu phakathi kwesayithi lokudlulisela (i-transmitter ne-antenna kufakiwe) kanye nokuphakama kwendawo okumaphakathi phakathi kwamakhilomitha ambalwa. Ukuze ufinyelele ukuqonda okujwayelekile kwamaphuzu abalulekile e-HAAT, umuntu udinga ukwazi ukuthi i-HAAT ngokuyisisekelo iwukumbozwa kwe-antenna yokusakaza, indawo eqondile yesayithi ye-antenna ingaphezu kwendawo ezungezile. Ake sithi umi endaweni eshaywayo nendawo yokufaka ithikithi, ngalesi sikhathi, wena kanye nesayithi yokudlulisela nisethafeni, lapho-ke uthi lungafinyelela amashumi amakhilomitha ibanga ukuze lusakaze. Uma indawo yakho ingeyona ithafa kodwa iyindawo enamagquma, ibanga lokusakaza lingafinyelela amakhilomitha ambalwa kuphela. I-HAAT ikalwa ngokusemthethweni ngamamitha, aqashelwa kabanzi ngokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, futhi kunjalo nayizinhlangano zomsakazo wesifunda ezifana ne-Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

  

Lokhu futhi kusikhumbuza ukuthi uma ufuna ukuthola ukumbozwa okuphezulu kakhulu lapho isidluliseli, umamukeli, uthi, kanye nezinsiza sezilungile, khumbula njalo ukubeka uthingo phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze uthole okungenani imvume engu-60% endaweni yaseFresnel. futhi uthole umugqa wokubona we-RF wangempela (LOS), futhi, kusiza ukugwema izici ezingezinhle ukumisa uhla lwe-RF ekukhuleni, njengezihlahla eziminyene nezakhiwo eziphakeme, njll.

 

Ezinye Izinto Ezingenakuhlehliswa

 

  1. Izinga lobuze endaweni ezungeze isayithi le-antenna isithiyo esizungeze isayithi lezimpondo, njengokuminyana nokuphakama kwezihlahla noma izakhiwo 
  2. Uhlobo lwezwe eliseduze nesayithi le-antenna isicaba noma inamagquma
  3. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Radiofrequency ngenxa yokusakaza okufanayo okuvela eduze nesiteshi somsakazo
  4. Izinhlobo ze-antenna nezinsiza ezisetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-antenna izinhlobo zezintambo ze-antenna ne-coaxial ezisetshenzisiwe inani lentambo ye-coaxial esetshenzisiwe
  5. Ukuzwela kosamukeli we-FM ngakolunye uhlangothi
  6. Iziteshi zamafrikhwensi eziseduze noma ezinye iziteshi zomsakazo ezisakaza ngefrikhwensi efanayo, isibonelo, uthi lungakwazi ukubona amakhilomitha angama-20, kodwa uma esinye isiteshi sisendaweni efanayo ngamakhilomitha angama-20, izovimba/iphazamise isignali.

 

U-FMUSER uphakamisa ukuthi ungazama ukusebenzisa okuhlukile futhi uqhathanise izivivinyo eziningi, isibonelo, ungakwazi:

 

  1. Nquma uhlobo lwe-antenna (4-bay noma 2 bays FM antenna muhle)
  2. Nquma ubude obuphetheyo bothi (amamitha angu-30 mahle ngokwanele, alingana nesakhiwo esinezitezi eziyi-15)
  3. Nquma amandla omsakazo (ungashintsha futhi ama-Watts angama-200 ukuya ku-500 Watts, ngokuphambene nalokho).
  4. Thola amasayithi ahlukene njengendawo yokudlulisa (cabanga ukuthi usendaweni eyisicaba noma enegquma noma kwesokudla entabeni)
  5. Rekhoda ibanga lokusakaza elikude kakhulu ongamukela amasignali omsakazo acacile endaweni yokudlulisela
  6. Shintsha okuguquguqukayo futhi uqhathanise nalokho okurekhodayo.
  7. Uma uthola ukuthi akukho okudingayo kuthebula lereferensi lokumboza ama-transmitter elinikezwe yithi, sicela usazise okokuqala. I-FMUSER ingakusiza ukuthi ulinganisele ukusabalala komsakazo wakho.

 

Iqiniso liwukuthi: awusoze wanquma ukumbozwa okuqondile kwesidlulisi sokusakazwa noma ngabe amandla okudlulisayo noma amabhrendi sikuwaphi. Ngenhlanhla, ungakwazi njalo ukuthola ukusabalala okulinganiselwe kwabanye abasakazi bomsakazo kochwepheshe be-RF (njengoba senza ekuqaleni).

  

Lezi zinombolo ezilinganisiwe zenza izimpahla ngokuzijwayeza kwangempela-ukukusiza ukuthi ucabange kabili ngaphambi kokukhetha isidluliseli esihle sokusakaza futhi wehlise izindleko ezingadingekile noma izindleko, noma ubhekiselwe kahle ezinsizeni zangemuva kokuthengisa noma noma yikuphi ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe okuku-inthanethi ngemva kokuthenga isidluliseli se-FM.

  

Yebo, sonke siyazi ukuthi isipiliyoni siwuthisha ongcono kakhulu. Ukusetha isidlulisi se-FM bese usiqhuba ngokuqondile kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola ukusabalala okunembe kakhulu komshicileli womsakazo we-FM.

 

Izigaba Eziyinhloko Zezidluliseli Zomsakazo We-FM

Ingahlukaniswa ngama-transmitters e-FM esezingeni eliqeqeshiwe kanye nama-amateur-grade FM transmitters. Ama-transmitters e-FM asezingeni eliphezulu asetshenziswa kakhulu eziteshini zomsakazo ezikhokhelwayo kanye nezikhathi ezidinga ikhwalithi ephezulu yomsindo nokuthembeka, kuyilapho abasakazi be-FM be-amateur-grade basetshenziswa kakhulu eziteshini ezingezona ezobuchwepheshe nasezindaweni ezidinga ikhwalithi ephezulu yomsindo nokuthembeka. Lapho kudingeka khona izidingo ezijwayelekile. Ngokwendlela yokusakaza, ingahlukaniswa ngokusakazwa kwe-stereo kanye nokusakaza okukodwa;

 

Ngokomgomo wokuqala wokujikeleza we-FM transmitter, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-analog FM transmitter kanye ne-digital FM transmitter:

 

Umsakazi weDigital FM

 

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, ikakhulukazi abasakazi be-FM abasezingeni eliphakeme, abasakazi be-FM bedijithali kancane kancane bathatha indawo yomsakazo we-analog FM. Umehluko phakathi kwedijithali ne-analogi ulula kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-software yomsakazo (DSP+DDS) Design.

 

I-Digital FM Transmitter iyisidlulisi sedijithali somsakazo we-FM sisuka kumsindo siye kumafrikhwensi omsakazo. Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bomsakazo wesoftware ukuthola isidlulisi sokusakaza se-FM. Ithola amasiginali omsindo wedijithali (AES/EBU) noma amasiginali omsindo we-analog (athunyelwe ku-A/D), ukucutshungulwa kwesiginali yomsindo, kanye nombhalo wekhodi we-stereo konke kuqedwa yi-DSP (I-Digital Signal Processor), kanye nenqubo yokushintshashintsha kwe-FM ilawula i-DSP (Direct) I-Digital frequency synthesizer) ukuze uqedele inqubo yokushintshashintsha kwedijithali. Igagasi le-FM yedijithali elicacile liguqulwa ngu-D/A ukuze likhiqize igagasi le-FM elivamile ukuze isikhulisi se-RF sikhulise amandla ashiwo. Kufushaniswe njengokuthi "DSP+DDS".

 

I-Analog FM Transmitter

 

Isidlulisi se-analog FM singathola kuphela amasiginali womsindo we-analog, ukukhuliswa kwesignali yomsindo, ukukhawulela kanye nombhalo wekhodi we-stereo konke kuyi-analog; ikakhulukazi, i-VCO (I-Voltage Controlled Oscillator) + PLL (I-Phase Locked Loop) isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amasiginali wemvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi ye-FM, eguquliwe Yiqiniso, le nqubo iwukuqondisa ngokuqondile i-varactor diode ye-VCO ngesignali yomsindo eyinhlanganisela ye-analog. Lolu hlobo lokujikeleza luyisidlulisi esijwayelekile se-analog FM, kodwa kungase kube khona imvamisa yokusebenza yesibonisi sedijithali ye-LED noma ye-LCD, kodwa yonke inqubo iyi-analog.

Yini umsakazi ohlangene we-FM futhi usebenza kanjani?
Umsakazi ohlangene we-FM iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasignali omsakazo we-FM ngebanga elifushane, ngokuvamile elifika kumakhilomitha ambalwa. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa iziteshi zomsakazo ezincane, abasakazi bomphakathi, namabhizinisi ukuhlinzeka ngenkonzo ye-FM yendawo.

Izisakazi zokusakaza ze-Compact FM ngokuvamile zingamayunithi amancane, aphathekayo angathuthwa kalula ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Zivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukusakazwa kwesikhashana noma imicimbi yangaphandle, ngokungafani nezisakazi ze-FM ezifakwe i-rack ezivame ukwakhelwa ukufakwa unomphela noma okuhlala njalo.
 
Amanye amagama avame ukusetshenziswa njengezimpawu ezifanayo zokusakazwa komsakazo we-FM ahlanganisa:

- Izithutha ze-FM ezinamandla aphansi
- Izithutha ze-FM eziphathwayo
- Abasakazi abancane be-FM
- Ama-Micro FM transmitters
- Ama-Miniature FM transmitters
- Izithutha zokhozi FM
- Abasakazi be-Hobbyist FM
- Izidluliseli ze-FM ezinamanzi aphansi
- Ama-transmitters e-FM angabizi kakhulu
- Ama-transmitter we-tabletop FM
 
Isidlulisi sisebenza ngokuthatha isignali yomsindo, njengomculo noma inkulumo, futhi iyiguqule ibe isignali yomsakazo we-FM engasakazwa ngamaza omoya. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-modulation, lapho ubukhulu besignali yomsakazo buhluka ngokulingana nesignali yomsindo.

I-compact FM transmitter ngokuvamile iqukethe iyunithi yokudlulisela kanye nothi. Iyunithi yokudlulisela ihlanganisa i-frequency synthesizer, amasekhethi okucubungula umsindo, kanye ne-amplifier yamandla. I-frequency synthesizer ikhiqiza imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi, ngokuvamile ebangeni lama-88-108 MHz. Amasekhethi okucubungula umsindo athatha isignali yomsindo futhi ayishintshele kumafrikhwensi enkampani yenethiwekhi. Isikhulisi samandla sibe sesikhulisa isignali eshintshiwe ibe ileveli yamandla eyanele ukuze idluliselwe, ngokuvamile eba kububanzi bama-watts ambalwa.

I-antenna isetshenziselwa ukusakaza isignali ye-FM emoyeni. Imvamisa kuba i-dipole noma i-antenna yendiza yaphansi, eklanyelwe ukudlulisa isignali endaweni ethile. Ububanzi besidluliseli bunqunywa amandla okukhipha isidlulisi kanye nezici ze-antenna.
Kudingeka umsakazi ohlangene we-FM ekusakazeni ngoba unikeza isixazululo esinamandla aphansi, esingabizi kakhulu sokudlulisa amasignali omsakazo we-FM endaweni encane.

Izinhlangano eziningi, njengamakhampasi ezikole, amasonto, nezikhungo zomphakathi, zingase zifune ukusakaza izinhlelo zazo zomsakazo we-FM ezilalelini zendawo. Umsakazi ohlangene we-FM wenza lokhu kwenzeke ngokuhlinzeka ngokudluliswa kwamandla aphansi kwesiginali ye-FM, okuvamise ukumboza ibanga lamakhilomitha ambalwa.

Izisakazi zokusakaza ze-Compact FM ziwusizo ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi wesabelomali esiphansi noma omphakathi ngoba zibiza kakhulu futhi azidingi ubuchwepheshe obuningi ukuze zisebenze. Angasetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imicimbi ebukhoma, njengezinkonzo zesonto noma imidlalo yezemidlalo, noma ukudlala izinhlelo ezirekhodiwe kusengaphambili, njengezinhla zokudlalayo zomculo noma okuqukethwe okufundisayo.

Sekukonke, umsakazi ohlangene we-FM uhlinzeka abantu nezinhlangano ngendlela efinyelelekayo yokusakaza okuqukethwe kwabo emsakazweni kubabukeli bendawo ngaphandle kokudinga ukutshala imali emishinini yokusakaza ebiza kakhulu futhi enamandla kanye nokuthola ilayisense yokusakaza ezinhlanganweni ezilawulayo, ihlinzeka ngenani eliphansi- izindleko kanye nesisombululo esisebenziseka kalula sokusakazwa kwendawo.

Imaphi izinga lamandla ajwayelekile angaphathwa ngumsakazi we-compact FM?
Abasakazi be-Compact FM bavame ukuba namandla aphezulu aphakathi kwe-watt eyi-1 nama-watts angama-50. Izinga lamandla isidlulisi esingasingatha ngokuvamile linqunywa izimfuneko zokulawula ezweni lapho sisetshenziswa khona, kanye nohlelo oluhlosiwe.

Nazi ezinye izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo zamaleveli wamandla ahlukene:

- 0.5W: Isidlulisi sokusakaza se-FM esingu-0.5 watt sithathwa njengesisetshenziswa samandla aphansi futhi sivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusakaza zasendaweni nezomuntu siqu. Indawo esebenza kuyo ngokuvamile ingaphakathi kwebanga lamamitha angu-100-300 futhi ifaneleka kangcono ukusakazwa kwemicimbi yangasese encane, njengemishado noma amaphathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa komsakazo womuntu siqu wokuzilibazisa.

- 1W: Leli izinga lamandla eliphansi kakhulu elivame ukusetshenziselwa abasakazi bekhompiyutha be-FM. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa iziteshi zemisakazo emincane, noma ukusakaza amandla amancane ezindaweni ezincane njengezikole, amasonto, kanye namabhizinisi.

- 7W: I-7 watt compact FM transmitter inamandla kakhulu futhi inganikeza ukumboza endaweni enkulu kune-transmitter engu-0.5 watt. Ngalokhu kuphuma kwamandla, ukumbozwa kungafinyelela kumakhilomitha angu-5 kuye ngendawo nezinye izici ezifana nobude nokubekwa kwe-antenna. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa iziteshi zomsakazo ezincane zomphakathi, ukusakazwa kwamandla aphansi, nokusakaza imicimbi ekhethekile.

- 10 watts: Leli zinga lamandla lilungele iziteshi zomsakazo zomphakathi ezincane, ezinobubanzi obungafika kumakhilomitha ambalwa. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ezokuvakasha noma izinsiza zomsakazo zolwazi, njengalezo ezitholakala ezikhumulweni zezindiza noma ezindaweni zokuthenga.

- 25-50 watts: Leli zinga lamandla lilungele iziteshi zemisakazo zomphakathi ezinkulu, ezinobubanzi bokusakaza obufika kumakhilomitha ayi-10 noma angama-20. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo noma iziteshi zomsakazo ezincane ezentengiselwano.

Ngokuvamile, amandla aphumayo omsakazo we-FM ohlangene kufanele akhethwe ngokusekelwe endaweni okuhlosiwe yokusakaza kanye nezidingo zokulawula ezweni lapho ezosetshenziswa khona. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isidluliseli sisebenza ngaphakathi kwamandla aso alinganiselwe nokuthi ifrikhwensi yokusakaza ayiphazamisi abanye abasakazi abanelayisensi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinga lamandla lomsakazi ohlangene we-FM kufanele lihlale lihambisana nemithetho yendawo kanye nemihlahlandlela yokusakaza emsakazweni. Indawo ehlosiwe yokusakaza, ukuminyana kwabantu, nezinsizakalo zokusakaza ezikhona endaweni nakho kungaba nomthelela ekukhethweni kwamandla okukhiphayo kuhlelo olunikeziwe.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiliphi izinga lamandla esithumeli kufanele kuhambisane nemithetho yendawo. Kwamanye amazwe, ukusakazwa kwamandla aphansi akuvunyelwe noma kudinga ilayisense yokusebenza. Ukwengeza, ezinye izici, ezifana nefrikhwensi etholakalayo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezinye iziteshi zokusakaza, kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izinga lamandla elifanele lomsakazi ohlangene we-FM.
Ungasihlukanisa kanjani isidlulisi sokusakazwa kwe-FM esihlangene kwabanye?
Izisakazi ze-Compact FM zenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ezidinga ukusakazwa kwasendaweni ngebanga elifushane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomsakazo we-FM, njengamayunithi ebanga lochwepheshe, kunomehluko omningi obalulekile ngokuya ngezicelo zabo, okokusebenza okudingekayo, ukuphatha amandla, amanani, izindlela zokufaka, kanye nezidingo zokulondolozwa.

Izicelo

Abasakazi beCompact FM basetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezincane, okuhlanganisa iziteshi zomsakazo ezincane, abasakazi bomphakathi, namabhizinisi ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-FM zasendaweni. Izisakazi zomsakazo we-FM ezisezingeni eliphezulu zenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu, njengeziteshi zokusakaza ezentengiso ezihlanganisa indawo enkulu.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Abasakazi be-Compact FM banezinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwamayunithi asezingeni eliphakeme, okubandakanya izindleko zabo eziphansi, ukusetshenziswa kalula, nokuphatheka. Kodwa-ke, baphinde babe nokubi okumbalwa, okuhlanganisa nebanga labo elilinganiselwe lokusakaza kanye nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka kwezinye izinsiza zokusakaza. Izisakazi zokusakaza ze-FM ezisezingeni eliphezulu zinikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nebanga elide, kodwa izindleko zazo eziphakeme nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kuzenza zingasebenzi kahle ezinhlelweni ezincane.

Izinto ezidingekayo


Zombili izinhlobo zomsakazo we-FM zidinga i-antenna ukudlulisa isignali. Abasakazi be-Compact FM bavame ukusebenzisa i-dipole noma i-antenna yendiza yaphansi, kuyilapho amayunithi ebanga lochwepheshe angase asebenzise izimpondo eziqondisayo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uhlobo lwentambo ye-coaxial noma ulayini wokudlulisela odingekayo kuhlobo ngalunye lwesidlulisi lungase luhluke kuye ngokuphuma kwamandla kanye nezidingo zomkhawulokudonsa wesithumeli.

Amandla okuphatha

Abasakazi be-FM bezinga lobungcweti bavame ukuba namandla aphezulu okubamba, kusukela kuma-watts angamakhulu ambalwa kuya kuma-kilowatts amaningana. Ngokuphambene, abasakazi bekhompiyutha be-FM bavame ukuba namandla okubamba ama-watts angama-50.

amanani

Izisakazi ze-Compact FM zivame ukubiza kancane kuneyunithi yezinga lochwepheshe, amanani asukela kumakhulu ambalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zamadola kuye ngokuphuma kwamandla nesethi yesici seyunithi. Izisakazi zomsakazo we-FM ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingabiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi.

Isakhiwo nokumisa

Abasakazi be-FM bezinga lobuchwephesha bavamise ukugcinwa ku-chassis ekwazi ukukhwezwa, kuyilapho abasakazi bekhompiyutha be-FM bevame ukwakhelwa i-tabletop noma ukusetshenziswa okuphathekayo. Amayunithi ebanga lobungcweti angase futhi anikeze ukucushwa kwe-modular okuvumela ukunwetshwa nokwenza ngokwezifiso, kuyilapho ama-compact FM transmitters evame ukuklanywa njengamayunithi onke.

Izindlela zokufaka kanye nezidingo

Zombili izinhlobo zokusakaza zomsakazo we-FM zidinga ukufakwa okufanele kanye nesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile. Izisakazi zokusakaza ze-FM ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingadinga ukufakwa kochwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemigqa yokusakaza ye-coaxial, kuyilapho ama-compact FM asakaza ama-compact angafakwa kalula futhi avame ukusebenzisa izintambo ezilula ze-coaxial.

Ukusebenza

Izisakazi zokusakaza ze-FM ezisezingeni eliphezulu zivame ukunikela ngokusebenza okuphezulu okuphezulu ngokwekhwalithi yomsindo, ukuzinza kwemvamisa, kanye nobubanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezincane, abasakazi bekhompiyutha be-FM banganikeza ukusebenza okwanele ngezindleko eziphansi.

Ukulungisa nokunakekela

Zombili izinhlobo zomsakazo we-FM zidinga ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile nokulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Abasakazi be-FM bezinga lobuchwephesha bangadinga ukulungiswa nokulungiswa okubanzi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo ngenxa yokwakheka kwabo okuyinkimbinkimbi namandla aphezulu.

Kafushane, abasakazi bekhompiyutha be-FM banikeza isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu, esisebenziseka kalula sokusakazwa kwendawo ebangeni elifushane. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezincane, njengeziteshi zomsakazo ezincane kanye nabasakazi bomphakathi. Nakuba zinezinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwamayunithi ezinga lochwepheshe, okuhlanganisa ukuphatheka kwazo kanye nokusebenziseka kalula, ukuphuma kwazo okulinganiselwe kwamandla kanye nobubanzi kuzenza zingasebenzi kahle ezinhlelweni zokusakaza ezisezingeni elikhulu.
Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zesisakazi somsakazo esihlangene se-FM?
Abasakazi be-Compact FM bavame ukuba nezici ezithile ezihlukile ezibahlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zomsakazo we-FM. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

Ukuphatheka: Izisakazi zokusakaza ze-Compact FM zivame ukuklanywa ukuthi zibe lula, zihlangane, futhi ziphatheke, zizenze zilungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle noma endaweni kanye nalabo abadinga ukuhambisa imishini yabo njalo.

2. Ubulula: Uma kubhekwa izinga lawo lamandla aphansi kanye nosayizi omncane, izisakazi eziningi zomsakazo we-FM ezihlangene zihlanganisa idizayini eyenziwe lula nezici ezisebenziseka kalula, ezizenza zilungele labo okungenzeka bangenalwazi lokusakaza.

3. Ukufinyeleleka: Abasakazi be-Compact FM bavame ukuthengeka kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zomsakazo we-FM, okubenza babe inketho efinyeleleka kubantu, amabhizinisi amancane, nabangenzi inzuzo.

4. Ukuvumelana nezimo: Abasakazi be-Compact FM bahlinzeka ngamazinga ahlukahlukene wamandla, ukusuka phansi ukuya ku-0.1 watts kuya cishe kuma-watts angama-50, okuwenza abe mahle ekusakazeni kwezinga elincane kanye nokusetshenziswa okukhethekile noma okwesikhashana.

5. Ukufakwa kalula: Ngokungafani nama-transmitter amakhulu okusakaza, ama-compact FM okusakaza asakaza ngokuvamile alula ukuwafaka futhi adinga ingqalasizinda encane, okokusebenza kanye nekhebula. Lokhu kubenza babe inketho enhle kulabo abadinga ukusetha okusheshayo nokulula kokusakaza.

Sekukonke, izici zokusakaza ezihlangene zomsakazo we-FM zibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezona ezohwebo, ukusetshenziswa okuphathekayo nokwesikhashana, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula nokufinyeleleka kalula.
Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zomsakazo we-FM ohlangene?
Izisakazi zokusakaza ze-Compact FM zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni komuntu siqu kokuzilibazisa kuye ekusakazeni komphakathi kwezinga elincane. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa zalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, okokusebenza okusetshenzisiwe kanye nendlela umsakazi ohlangene we-FM ongafakwa futhi usetshenziselwe ngayinye.

Umsakazo womuntu siqu we-FM / hobbyist: Umsakazi ohlangene we-FM ungasetshenziswa abantu ukusakaza komuntu siqu, imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa yomsakazo, noma ukudala iziteshi zomsakazo ezincane zemicimbi yasendaweni efana nemishado noma eminye imikhosi. Kulezi zimo, okokusebenza ngokuvamile kubandakanya isidluliseli, i-antenna (engaba i-dipole noma i-antenna yendiza yaphansi), ikhebula eliqinile, kanye nomthombo wamandla. Ukufaka nokusebenzisa isidlulisi sokusakaza se-FM esihlangene, abantu ngabanye badinga ukuxhuma isidlulisi ku-antenna nomthombo wamandla. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isidlulisi kanye nothi kuhambisana kahle, futhi nokukhetha ifrikhwensi engasetshenziswa yinoma yisiphi esinye isiteshi somsakazo we-FM.

Iziteshi zomsakazo zomphakathi: Abasakazi be-Compact FM baphinde basetshenziswe ekusakazweni kwemisakazo yomphakathi emincane, imvamisa izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, izikole, amaqembu ezenkolo, namanye amaqembu amancane afuna ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo zomsakazo endaweni yangakini. Imishini yalolu hlobo lokusakaza ngokuvamile izobandakanya isidlulisi esinamandla esiphezulu se-FM (imvamisa esukela kuma-watts acishe abe ngu-5 kuye kwangama-50, kuye ngendawo yokukhava edingekayo), uthi (okungaba iyunithi ye-single-bay noma i-multi-bay). , kuye ngendawo yokukhava edingekayo), ikhebula eliqinile, kanye nomthombo wamandla. Ukufakwa kwezinto zokusebenza kuzodinga indawo efanelekile lapho kungafakwa khona uthi oluthumelayo, kanye nokucatshangelwa kwanoma yimiphi imithombo ye-RF eseduze.

Ukusakaza okuphuthumayo: Abasakazi be-Compact FM bangasetshenziswa futhi ezimeni eziphuthumayo ukunikeza ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokuthembekile ezindaweni ezithintekile. Izisetshenziswa zalolu hlobo lokusakaza ziyefana nalezo ezisetshenziselwa umsakazo womphakathi, futhi zingabandakanya isipele sebhethri noma ijeneretha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo uma kwenzeka kunqamuka ugesi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kungase kudingeke ilayisensi ekhethekile ekusakazeni izimo eziphuthumayo.

Imicimbi ebalulekile: Amanye amabhizinisi, izinhlangano, nabadidiyeli bemicimbi bangasebenzisa izisakazi zokusakaza ze-FM ezihlangene ukuze banikeze umsindo emicimbini ekhethekile njengamakhonsathi angaphandle, imicimbi yezemidlalo, noma amafestivali. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kule micimbi zizofana nalezo ezisetshenziselwa ukusakaza komuntu siqu kodwa kucatshangelwe indawo enkulu yokusakaza. Ama-transmitters amaningi nama-antenna angasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa indawo eyanele yokumboza, futhi ukulungiswa ngokucophelela kwezimpondo ukugwema ukuphazamiseka okuseduze kozibuthe kubalulekile.

Umculo nezimemezelo zamathiyetha angena emotweni: Izisakazi zokusakaza ze-Compact FM zingase futhi zisetshenziselwe ukusakaza umsindo ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, okunikeza umuzwa wokubuka ophephile noqhelelene nomphakathi. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kule njongo zihlanganisa isidlulisi sokusakaza se-FM esihlangene, i-antenna (engase ibe iyunithi ye-single-bay noma i-multi-bay, kuye ngendawo yokukhava edingekayo), intambo ye-coaxial, kanye nomthombo wamandla. I-transmitter ixhunywe kumthombo womsindo (njenge-mixer noma i-soundboard) futhi isakaza isignali yomsindo kumarediyo emoto ashunwe kumafrikhwensi amisiwe.

Umculo wokudayisa nezimemezelo: Abasakazi be-Compact FM bangasetshenziswa ngamabhizinisi ukuhlinzeka ngokuzijabulisa komsindo esitolo noma izimemezelo kumakhasimende. Okokusebenza okudingekayo kule njongo kuzobandakanya isidlulisi esihlangene, uthi, ikhebula eliqinile, kanye nomthombo womsindo ofana ne-CD noma isidlali seMP3. Lolu hlobo lokusakaza ludinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinketho zefrikhwensi kanye nokuthobela imithetho.

Ulwazi lwezivakashi: Abasakazi be-Compact FM bangasetshenziswa yizinhlangano zezokuvakasha ukunikeza ulwazi kanye nokuphawula kubavakashi endaweni ethile. Umsakazi ohlangene we-FM, i-antenna, intambo ye-coaxial, nomthombo wamandla kungasetshenziswa ukwakha isiteshi somsakazo sendawo esingaculwa izivakashi kumarediyo ezimoto zabo.

Amasinema wokushayela: imishini ngokuvamile ihlanganisa umsakazi ohlangene we-FM, i-antenna, intambo ye-coaxial, nomthombo wamandla. I-transmitter ixhunywe kumthombo womsindo (njenge-mixer noma i-soundboard) futhi isakaza isignali yomsindo kumarediyo emoto ashunwe kumafrikhwensi amisiwe. Lokhu kuvumela abaxhasi ukuthi bajabulele ingxenye yomsindo yefilimu kusukela ekunethezekeni kwezimoto zabo.

Amasonto angena ngaphakathi: Amasonto angena nge-drive-in nawo asebenzisa ama-compact FM transmitters ukuhlinzeka ngomsindo kulabo abakhona. Izinto ezidingekayo kule njongo zivame ukufana nalezo ezisetshenziselwa amasinema okushayela, okunomsakazo ohlangene we-FM, i-antenna, intambo ye-coaxial, kanye nomthombo wamandla osetshenziselwa ukwakha isiteshi somsakazo sendawo esingaculwa yisonto. abakhona emisakazweni yezimoto zabo. Ukwengeza, amanye amasonto angasebenzisa izikrini zevidiyo ukuze abonise okuphakelayo kwevidiyo ebukhoma noma erekhodiwe ngaphambili yentshumayelo.

Kafushane, abasakazi bekhompiyutha be-FM bathola inhlobonhlobo yezicelo zezinjongo zokusakaza zomuntu siqu nezikhethekile, ezidinga imishini ebiza kancane, ephathekayo nesebenziseka kalula. Ukufaka nokusebenzisa umsakazi ohlangene we-FM kunoma yisiphi salezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, abantu ngabanye noma izinhlangano kuzodingeka zivikele ifrikhwensi efanele futhi zithole ilayisensi edingekayo yokusakaza. Kuzodingeka futhi bafake okokusebenza ngendlela efanele futhi bagcine ukuthobelana nemithethonqubo esebenzayo, njengamazinga akhishwayo kanye nemithethonqubo yokuphepha.

Yini umsakazi we-FM ofakwe kwi-rack futhi usebenza kanjani?
Umsakazi we-FM ofakwe kwi-rack uyithuluzi elidlulisa amasignali omsakazo we-FM ukusuka estudiyo noma esiteshini sokusakaza liye othini.

Abasakazi be-FM abafakwe ku-Rack, njengoba negama labo liphakamisa, baklanyelwe ukufakwa endaweni yokubeka imishini engu-19-intshi ejwayelekile. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa iziteshi zomsakazo ezincane ukuya eziphakathi nendawo kanye neziteshi zomphakathi lapho isikhala sincane. Ama-transmitters omsakazo we-FM afakwe kwi-Rack angaba yi-modular futhi angenziwa ngokwezifiso amazinga ahlukene wamandla nokucushwa.

Kudingeka umsakazi we-FM ukusakaza amasignali omsakazo ngebanga elithile lamaza. Ama-transmitter omsakazo we-FM afakwe kwi-Rack ayathandwa ngoba anganikeza amandla okukhiphayo azinzile nasezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusakazwa okungaguquki. I-transmitter efakwe kwi-rack iyasebenza futhi futhi ingahlanganiswa kalula nezinhlelo zokusakaza ezinkulu, okuzenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa eziteshini zomsakazo, ezikhungweni zokusakaza, nezinye izilungiselelo lapho kudingeka khona ukusakazwa kwe-FM okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Ama-transmitters omsakazo we-FM afakwe kwi-Rack nawo aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana namazinga aqinile embonini wekhwalithi nokulawula amandla okukhiphayo, okusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasignali omsakazo asakazwa ngokunembile nangokwethembeka. Ngokuvamile zifaka izici ezifana namakhono okuqapha nokulawula nge-elekthronikhi, ukuxilonga okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, namasistimu okuvikela okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwemishini noma ezinye izinkinga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasakazi be-FM abafakwe ngama-rack bangakwazi ukusekela ukucushwa kwe-antenna nezinketho zamakhebula, okuvumela abasakazi ukuthi bazivumelanise nezimo ezihlukene zokusakaza futhi bandise ikhwalithi yesiginali nokumbozwa. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuyinzuzo ebalulekile yesisakazi somsakazo we-FM esibekwe nge-rack, okusenza sibe yingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusakaza lwe-FM olusezingeni eliphezulu.
Imaphi izinga lamandla ajwayelekile umsakazi we-FM ofakwe kwi-rack elingasingatha?
Ama-transmitters omsakazo we-FM afakwe kwi-Rack ayatholakala kumazinga wamandla anhlobonhlobo, kuya ngohlelo lokusebenza nokufaka isignali edingekayo. Nazi ezinye izibonelo zamazinga avamile wamandla omsakazo we-FM afakwe kwi-rack kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo:

1. Izithutha amandla aphansi (5W - 500W): Lawa ma-transmitters ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa iziteshi zomsakazo zomphakathi ezincane, izindawo zasendlini noma ngaphandle, noma ukusakazwa kwemicimbi ekhethekile. Zinendawo ekhawulelwe yokusakaza engamakhilomitha ambalwa, okuzenza zilungele ukusakazwa kwendawo.

2. Izithutha amandla ezimaphakathi (500W - 10kW): Izithutha zikagesi eziphakathi nendawo zifanele iziteshi zomsakazo eziphakathi nendawo kanye namanethiwekhi esifunda adinga indawo yokusakaza enkulu kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukufinyelela amabanga afinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-50-100, okubenza bafaneleke ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni.

3. Izithutha amandla aphezulu (10kW - 50kW): Izithutha zikagesi eziphezulu zisetshenziswa eziteshini ezinkulu zokusakaza ezidinga indawo enkulu yokusakaza, njengamanethiwekhi kazwelonke noma iziteshi zamazwe ngamazwe. Zinendawo yokuhlanganisa engaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-100 futhi zingadlulisela amasignali ezindaweni ezikude. Ama-transmitters anamandla aphezulu nawo angahlinzeka ngokufaka okuthembekile endaweni noma ezindaweni eziyinselele.

4. Izithutha amandla aphezulu kakhulu (50kW nangaphezulu): Lawa ma-transmitters asetshenziselwa iziteshi zokusakaza zentengiso ezinobubanzi bendawo noma izinsiza zokusakaza zomhlaba wonke. Angakwazi ukudlulisa amasignali ebangeni elikhulu, awenze afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza zebanga elide ezifana nokusakaza kwe-shortwave.

Sekukonke, izinga lamandla omsakazo we-FM ofakwe kwi-rack lihambisana nendawo edingekayo yokufakwa kwesiginali kanye nohlelo lokusebenza. Lapho amandla okukhiphayo aphakeme, indawo ekhavayo iba nkulu kakhulu nebanga elingafinyelelwa umthumeli.
Ungasihlukanisa kanjani isidlulisi se-FM esifakwe kwi-rack kwabanye?
Ukuqhathanisa ama-transmitter omsakazo we-FM afakwe ngama-rack nezinye izinhlobo zomsakazo we-FM, njengama-transmitters asekelwe kumashubhu noma aqinile, kunomehluko omncane mayelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza, izinzuzo, ububi, imishini edingekayo, izinhlobo ze-antenna, amandla okubamba amandla, amanani, isakhiwo, ukumisa, izindlela zokufaka, kanye nezidingo zokunakekela. Nasi isifinyezo esifushane:

Izicelo

- Abasakazi be-FM abafakwe ku-Rack bavame ukusetshenziselwa iziteshi zomsakazo ezincane kuya eziphakathi nendawo noma eziteshini zomphakathi, kuyilapho ama-tube-based transmitters ejwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukusakazwa kwebanga elide, kanye nama-solid state transmitters afaneleka uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.
- Ama-transmitter omsakazo we-FM afakwe kwi-Rack angasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene njengezindawo zasendlini noma zangaphandle kuyilapho ama-transmitters asekelwe ngamashubhu edinga indawo eyengeziwe kanye nenqubo yokufaka eyinkimbinkimbi.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

- Izisakazi zomsakazo we-FM ezifakwe ku-Rack zinezinzuzo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukubekeka kalula nokugcinwa kahle, ububanzi bamazinga wamandla nokucushwa, nokuhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zezimpondo nemishini. Okunye okungalungile ukuthi anebanga elilinganiselwe lokuphuma kwamandla, okungenzeka anganele ezinhlelweni zokusakaza ezinkulu.
- Ama-transmitter asekelwe ku-Tube ahlinzeka ngokuthembeka okukhethekile nempilo ende, amandla aphezulu okubamba, kanye nekhwalithi yomsindo enhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungaba inselele ukuyifaka, futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile nokushintshwa kweshubhu.
- Abasakazi be-Solid-state banikeza izinzuzo ezifanayo kubasakazi be-FM abafakwe ngama-rack, okuhlanganisa ukwethembeka, ukusetshenziswa kalula nokugcinwa kahle, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwamazinga wamandla. Kodwa-ke, avame ukubiza kakhulu kunama-transmitter afakwe ngama-rack futhi awasebenzi kahle emazingeni aphezulu wamandla.

Izisetshenziswa kanye Izesekeli

- Ama-transmitter omsakazo we-FM afakwe kwi-Rack adinga izimpondo, izixhumi, nezintambo ezifanele ze-coaxial noma izintambo zokudlulisela. Angakwazi ukubhangqwa nezinti ezilodwa noma ezinama-multi-bay kuye ngendawo ekhavayo.
- Izithutha ezisekelwe kumashubhu zidinga izingxenye ezikhethekile kakhulu, njengamandla kagesi nokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu, futhi zidinga izinhlobo ezithile zamashubhu nezinhlelo zokupholisa. Ama-solid-state transmitter ngokuvamile asebenzisa okokusebenza okufanayo nama-rock-mounted transmitters.

Amandla okubamba amandla nezintengo

- Izisakazi ze-FM ezifakwe kwi-Rack ngokuvamile zinebanga lamandla ama-watts angu-5 ukuya ku-50 kW futhi ngokuvamile zibiza kancane kunama-transmitters asekelwe kumashubhu.
- Ama-transmitter asekelwe kumashubhu ngokuvamile anamandla amakhulu okubamba amandla futhi angakwazi ukusingatha kufikela ku-100kW noma ngaphezulu kodwa abiza kakhulu kunama-rock-mounted transmitters.
- Izithutha ze-Solid-state zivame ukuba namandla afanayo okuphatha amandla kuma-transmitter afakwe ngama-rack, kodwa zibiza kakhulu.

Isakhiwo nokumisa

- Izisakazi zokusakaza ze-FM ezifakwe kwi-Rack zihlangene futhi zenzelwe ukungena endaweni yokubeka evamile engu-19-intshi. Ngokuvamile zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ezizimele kodwa zingabuye zihlanganiswe nezinye izinto zokusebenza, njengezicubungula zomsindo namayunithi okulawula kude.
- Izithutha ezisekelwe kumashubhu zikhudlwana futhi zidinga isikhala esengeziwe, kokubili kumshini wokuhambisa umshini ngokwawo kanye nemishini yokupholisa ehlobene neyokuhlukanisa. Futhi zidinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile nokufakwa.
- Izithutha ze-Solid-state ziyefana ngosayizi nangesakhiwo sama-transmitter afakwe ngama-rack, kodwa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izici ezengeziwe ezifana nokucubungula kwedijithali, isilawuli kude, nezinhlelo zokuxilonga nezokuqapha.

Ukufaka nokugcina

- Izidluliseli zokusakaza ze-FM ezifakwe kwi-Rack ngokuvamile kulula ukuzifaka, zidinga kuphela irack evamile kanye noxhumo olufanele lukagesi nokupholisa. Futhi kulula ukuzinakekela, izinkinga eziningi zixazululwa ngokushintsha izingxenye ezifana nezikhulisamandla, izihlungi, noma izinsiza zikagesi.
- Ama-transmitter asekelwe kumashubhu adinga inqubo yokufaka eyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlanganisa ugesi ophezulu kanye nokucatshangelwa kokuphepha. Ukunakekela kuhilela ukushintshwa kwamashubhu okuvamile nokuhlolwa kwesistimu yokupholisa.
- Izithutha ze-Solid-state zifana nama-rack-mounted transmitter ngokuya ngezidingo zokufakwa nokugcinwa kwazo.

Sekukonke, abasakazi be-FM abafakwe ngama-rack banikeza inketho eguquguqukayo nethembekile eziteshini zomsakazo ezincane ukuya eziphakathi nendawo. Izinzuzo zabo eziyinhloko zifaka ukufakwa kalula, izinketho zamandla aguquguqukayo, nokuhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zemishini nama-antenna. Nokho, amandla azo alinganiselwe angase anganele ezinhlelweni zokusakaza ezinkulu.
Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zomsakazo we-FM ofakwe kwi-rack?
Ama-transmitter omsakazo we-FM afakwe kwi-Rack anezici ezimbalwa eziwahlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitters, njengama-tube-based noma ama-solid state transmitters. Nazi izici ezimbalwa zomsakazo we-FM obekwe nge-rack:

1. Usayizi ohlangene: Ama-transmitter afakwe kuma-rack aklanyelwe ukungena endaweni yokubeka ejwayelekile engu-19-intshi, okuwenza alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho isikhala silinganiselwe.

2. Idizayini yemojuli: Ama-transmitter amaningi afakwe ngama-rack anomklamo we-modular, okusho ukuthi angenziwa ngokwezifiso futhi athuthukiswe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamandla eziguqukayo noma okunye okucaciswayo.

3. Isebenziseka kalula: Ama-transmitter afakwe kwi-Rack ngokuvamile kulula ukuwafaka nokusebenza, ngisho nakubasebenzisi abangebona abezobuchwepheshe.

4. Engabizi kakhulu: Ama-transmitter afakwe kuma-rack awavamile ukubiza kancane kunezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter, okuwenza abe inketho ekhangayo ezinhlelweni ezincane zokusakaza.

5. Amazinga abanzi wamandla: Ama-transmitter afakwe kuma-rack ayatholakala ngebanga lamazinga wamandla, kusukela kuma-transmitters anamandla aphansi eziteshini zomphakathi kuya kuma-transmitters anamandla aphezulu kumanethiwekhi amakhulu okusakaza.

6. Ezihlukahlukene: Ama-transmitters afakwe kuma-rack angasebenza nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinti futhi angasetshenziswa kuzo zombili izindawo ezingaphakathi nangaphandle.

7. Ihambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zemishini: Ama-transmitters afakwe kwi-rack ngokuvamile ahambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zemishini, njengama-audio processors, ama-mixers, namayunithi okulawula kude.

Sekukonke, usayizi ohlangene, idizayini esebenziseka kalula, kanye nesakhiwo esimodulayo sabasakazi be-FM abafakwe kwi-rack kubenza babe inketho ekhangayo ezinhlelweni eziningi zokusakaza. Ukuguquguquka kwazo kanye nokuhambisana nemishini eyahlukene nakho kuzenza zibe yintandokazi kwabasakazi kuwo wonke amazinga.
Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zomsakazo we-FM ofakwe kwi-rack?
Umsakazi we-FM ofakwe kwi-rack uyithuluzi le-elekthronikhi elidlulisela amasignali omsakazo ebhendini yokusakaza ye-FM. Ifakwe ku-rack futhi isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

Ukusakazwa Kwerediyo: Umsakazi we-FM obekwe nge-rack uvame ukusetshenziswa iziteshi zomsakazo nabasakazi ukudlulisa isignali. I-transmitter ithumela isignali ngothi ukuze isakaze ngamaza omoya nasemizini yabantu, ezimotweni, nakumarediyo aphathwayo.

Ukusakazwa Kwesimo Esiphuthumayo: Abasakazi be-FM be-Rack-mounted bavame ukusetshenziswa izinhlangano ezilawula izimo eziphuthumayo ukusakaza ulwazi olubalulekile ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele zemvelo, njengeziphepho, ukuzamazama komhlaba nezikhukhula. Ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusakaza oluphuthumayo, ama-ejensi angaxhumana ngokushesha nangempumelelo ulwazi olubalulekile emiphakathini yawo.

Ukusakaza Okunamandla Aphansi: Ama-transmitters afakwe kwi-Rack-mounted FM angasetshenziselwa ukusakaza kwamandla aphansi, okuwuhlobo lokusakazwa okuncane. Lokhu kuvumela abantu nezinhlangano ukuthi basakaze imisakazo yabo besuka emakhaya noma emabhizinisini abo.

Ukusakaza Kwezemfundo: Izisakazi ze-Rack-mounted FM zivame ukusetshenziswa izikhungo zemfundo ezifana namanyuvesi nezikole ukusakaza izinhlelo zemfundo kubafundi bazo.

Ukusakazwa Kwezenkolo: Abasakazi be-Rack-mounted FM nabo bavame ukusetshenziswa izinhlangano zezenkolo ukusakaza izinhlelo zezenkolo kubabukeli bazo.

Ukusakazwa komcimbi: Eminye imicimbi efana namakhonsathi, amafestivali, nemicimbi yezemidlalo idinga ukusakazwa komsindo ukuze kufinyelele izethameli eziningi. Izisakazi ze-Rack-mounted FM kwesinye isikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukwakha iziteshi zomsakazo zesikhashana ze-FM ukusakaza umsindo obukhoma womcimbi kwabahambele umcimbi.

Ukusakazwa Kwebhizinisi: Amanye amabhizinisi, njengenxanxathela yezitolo nezikhumulo zezindiza, angasebenzisa ama-transmitters omsakazo we-FM afakwe ku-rack ukuze anikeze amakhasimende awo ulwazi, umculo, kanye nezikhangiso ngomsakazo we-FM.

Amasistimu Womhlahlandlela Wokuvakasha: Ama-transmitter omsakazo we-FM afakwe kwi-Rack angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuqondisa izivakashi, lapho abaqondisi bezokuvakasha bengadlulisela ulwazi eqenjini labo ngefrikhwensi ye-FM eyabiwe.

Ukusakaza Ngezilimi Eziningi: Ama-transmitters omsakazo we-FM afakwe ku-Rack angasetshenziswa futhi ekusakazeni ngezilimi eziningi, lapho isiteshi esikhulu sisakazwa ngolimi olulodwa futhi iziteshi ezengeziwe zisakazwa ngezinye izilimi, okuvumela abalaleli ukuba bakhethe ulimi abaluthandayo.

Ukusakaza Komphakathi: Izisakazi zomsakazo we-FM ezifakwe ku-Rack zingasetshenziswa ukunikeza inkundla amalungu omphakathi ukuthi azenzele izinhlelo zawo zomsakazo. Lezi ziteshi zomsakazo zomphakathi zinganikeza izwi emaqenjini angameleli kahle futhi zinikeze imibono ehlukile ezindabeni zasendaweni.

Ukusakazwa Kweselula: Ezinye izimoto, ezinjengamabhasi namaloli okudla, zingasebenzisa izisakazi ze-FM ezifakwe kuma-rack ukusakaza umculo nezikhangiso kubantu abadlulayo njengoba behamba ezindaweni ezimatasa.

Ukusakaza Kukahulumeni: Izisakazi ze-FM ezifakwe ku-Rack zingasetshenziswa yizikhungo zikahulumeni ukusakaza izimemezelo zenkonzo yomphakathi, izexwayiso eziphuthumayo, nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile emphakathini.

Ukusakaza Okukude: Okunye ukufakwa okukude, okufana nemishini yokulungisa uwoyela neziteshi zesimo sezulu, kungase kusebenzise izisakazi zomsakazo we-FM ezifakwe kuma-rack ukudlulisa idatha nokuxhumana nabasebenzi emikhunjini noma ezindizeni eziseduze.

Kafushane, umsakazi we-FM obekwe nge-rack unenqwaba yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbonini nasezilungiselelweni ezahlukahlukene. Ziyithuluzi elibalulekile lokudlulisa ulwazi, ezokuzijabulisa, nezixwayiso zesimo esiphuthumayo kuzithameli ezinkulu nezincane ngokufanayo.

Yini umsakazi ozimele wekhabhinethi ye-FM nokuthi usebenza kanjani
Umsakazi wekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele umshini osetshenziswa ukudlulisa amasiginali avela esiteshini somsakazo aya kubalaleli ngerediyasi ethile. Kuyidivayisi ezimele engakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwesidingo semishini yangaphandle noma ingqalasizinda.

Umgomo oyisisekelo wokusebenza komsakazi wekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele ukuguqula amasignali omsindo kagesi abe amaza omsakazo angasakazwa ngebhendi ethile yefrikhwensi. Le bhendi yefrikhwensi ngokuvamile igcinelwe ukusakazwa komsakazo we-FM (ukushintshashintsha kwefrikhwensi).

Amasiginali omsindo afakwa kusidlulisi, ebese sishintsha igagasi elithwala imvamisa yomsakazo ukuze liphathe ulwazi lomsindo. Isiginali eshintshiwe bese iyakhuliswa futhi isakazwe ngothi olutholakala phezulu kwesidlulisi.

Amandla nekhwalithi yesignali edlulisiwe incike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuphuma kwamandla okudlulisela, ukuphakama kwe-antenna, uhlobo lwe-antenna, nezici zemvelo ezifana nesimo sezwe nesimo sezulu. I-transmitter ingalungiswa ukuze ihambisane nokuphuma kwamandla adingekayo kanye nebhendi yefrikhwensi.

Kudingeka umsakazi wekhabhinethi eyodwa we-FM ekusakazeni ngoba iyindlela ethembekile nephumelelayo yokudlulisa amasignali omsakazo ngebanga elithile lamaza. Izimpawu zomsakazo we-FM zidinga isidluliseli ukwandisa amandla esiginali ukuze yamukelwe ngezinti zomsakazo. I-transmitter ezimele iyindlela engcono kune-antenna elula yokusakaza, njengoba iqinisekisa ukuthi isignali inamandla ngokwanele ukufinyelela indawo efiselekayo yokufaka ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Idizayini yekhabhinethi ezimele ihlinzeka ngendawo evikelekile negadwa kalula yesithumeli, inciphisa amathuba okuphazamiseka kwesignali noma ukwehluleka kwemishini okungaba nomthelela omubi ekusakazweni kwesiteshi somsakazo. Ukwengeza, ikhabethe elizimele livumela ukulungiswa kalula nokulungiswa kwesidlulisi, okubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusakazwa okuthembekile nokuqhubekayo."

Izisakazi zokusakaza zekhabhinethi ye-FM ezizimele zingasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukusakazwa komsakazo wezohwebo, iziteshi zomsakazo zomphakathi, ukusakazwa kwezenkolo, kanye nezokuxhumana eziphuthumayo. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukudluliswa komsindo okungenantambo ezindaweni ezifana netiyetha, amahholo, namahholo enkomfa.
Yiliphi izinga lamandla elijwayelekile elingaphathwa ngumsakazi wekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele
Izisakazi zokusakaza zekhabhinethi ye-FM ezizimele zingaklanywa ukuphatha ububanzi bamazinga wamandla kuye ngohlelo olufunayo. Amazinga wamandla avamile angasukela kuma-watts ambalwa ukuya kuma-watts ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.

Nazi ezinye izibonelo zamaleveli wamandla nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisanayo:

1. Amandla aphansi (afika kuma-watts ayi-100) - Lolu hlu lwamandla lufanele iziteshi zomsakazo zomphakathi ezincane noma ezinamandla amancane, njengalezo ezisebenzela idolobhana elincane noma ikhampasi.

2. Amandla Aphakathi (100 kuya ku-1000 watts) - Lolu hlu lwamandla lufanele iziteshi zomsakazo zomphakathi ezinkulu, kanye neziteshi ezisebenzela idolobha elilodwa noma isifunda.

3. Amandla Aphezulu (1000 kuya ku-10,000 watts) - Lolu hlu lwamandla lufanele ukusakazwa kwezentengiso namanethiwekhi omsakazo amakhulu. Ama-transmitter anamandla amakhulu ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukusakazwa kukazwelonke noma kwamanye amazwe.

4. Amandla Aphakeme Kakhulu (10,000 to 100,000 watts) - Lolu hlu lwamandla lusetshenziselwa amanethiwekhi omsakazo wentengiso amakhulu, ukusakazwa kwamazwe ngamazwe, noma lawo asakaza endaweni enkulu.

Izinga lamandla okuhambisa lithinta indawo ekhavayo kanye nekhwalithi yesiginali yokusakaza. Amaleveli wamandla aphezulu aphumela endaweni ebanzi, ikhwalithi yesignali engcono, nokwamukela okucacile kwabalaleli. Kodwa-ke, amazinga aphezulu wamandla angaphinda abangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwamanye amasignali futhi angadinga amathuluzi aphezulu kanye nezindleko zokusebenza.
Ungasihlukanisa kanjani isidlulisi somsakazo esizimele somsakazo we-FM kwabanye?
Abasakazi bekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele banikela ngenani lezinzuzo nezinkinga uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomsakazo we-FM. Nawu umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwabasakazi bekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele kanye nezinye izinhlobo zabasakazi:

Izicelo: Izisakazi zokusakaza zekhabhinethi ye-FM ezizimele zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela eziteshini zomsakazo ezincane zomphakathi kuye kumanethiwekhi amakhulu ezentengiso. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter zingaba ezikhethekile kakhulu, njengama-transmitter anamandla amancane aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa endlini noma ama-transmitter anamandla aphezulu aklanyelwe ukusakazwa kwezwe.

Izinzuzo: Izisakazi zokusakaza zekhabhinethi ye-FM ezizimele zivame ukuba lula ukusetha futhi zisebenze kunezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter, njengoba zizimele futhi zidinga imishini yangaphandle encane. Futhi zivame ukuthengeka kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter, okuwenza abe yinketho edumile ekusebenzeni okuncane.

Okumbi: Abasakazi bekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele bangase banganikeli ngezinga elifanayo lokusebenza noma ukuguquguquka njengezinye izinhlobo zokusakaza. Isibonelo, zingase zibe nomkhawulo kumthamo wazo wokuphatha amandla noma izinhlobo zama-antenna ezingazisebenzisa. Angase futhi adinge ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe nokulungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izidingo zezisetshenziswa: Izisakazi zokusakaza zekhabhinethi ye-FM ezizimele ngokuvamile zidinga i-antenna ehambisanayo, intambo ye-coaxial noma ulayini wokudlulisa, nezixhumi. Uhlobo lwe-antenna olusetshenziswayo lungancika ezintweni ezifana nokuphuma kwamandla kwesidlulisi kanye nendawo yokumboza oyifunayo. Ama-Multi-bay antenna, avumela ukuthi izimpondo eziningi zigxunyekwe kunsika eyodwa, zingase zilungele izindawo ezinkudlwana ezimbozwayo.

Amandla okuphatha: Abasakazi bekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele bangakwazi ukuphatha amazinga amaningi wamandla, ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter zingahle zenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu.

amanani: Izisakazi zokusakaza zekhabhinethi ye-FM ezizimele ngokuvamile zithengeka kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter, nakuba amanani angahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nokuphuma kwamandla nezici ezitholakalayo.

Isakhiwo nokumisa: Izisakazi zokusakaza zekhabhinethi ye-FM ezizimele ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ikhabethe elizimele eliqukethe isidlulisi, isikhulisi, nezinye izinto. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter zingamiswa ngendlela ehlukile, njengamayunithi akwazi ukukhwezwa ama-rack noma izingxenye ze-modular.

Izindlela zokufaka nezimfuneko: Ama-transmitter okusakaza ekhabhinethi ye-FM azimele angafakwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengokufakwa okubekwe phansi noma okufakwe ngezigxobo. Indlela yokufaka ingase incike ezintweni ezifana nesikhala esitholakalayo nezimo zemvelo.

Performance: Abasakazi bekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele banganikeza ukusebenza okuthembekile nokungaguquguquki lapho kugcinwa kahle. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwabo kungase kuthonywe izici ezifana nesimo sezwe, ukuphazamiseka, nokuhluleka kwemishini.

Ukulungisa nokunakekela: Izisakazi zokusakaza zekhabhinethi ye-FM ezizimele zingadinga ukulungiswa kanye nokulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile, njengokushintsha izingxenye ezigugile noma ukubhekana nokuphazanyiswa kwesignali. Nokho, kungase kube lula ukuzilungisa nokuyinakekela kunezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter.

ukuqina: Izisakazi zokusakaza zekhabhinethi ye-FM ezizimele ngokuvamile zenzelwe ukuthi zihlale ziqinile futhi zimelane nezimo zemvelo ezinzima. Kodwa-ke, basengase babe sengozini yokulimala ngenxa yombani, ukuphakama kwamandla, nezinye izehlakalo ezingalindelekile.

Ukwenza ngokwezifiso: Abasakazi bekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele bangase banikeze izinketho ezilinganiselwe zokwenza ngokwezifiso uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter. Nokho, abanye abakhiqizi bangase banikeze izici ezengeziwe noma izinketho zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.

Ubungane bomsebenzisi: Izisakazi zokusakaza zekhabhinethi ye-FM ezizimele zingase zibe lula ukusebenza nokuyigcina kunezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter, okuzenze zibe inketho esebenziseka kalula yomsebenzisi emisebenzini emincane.

Ukutholakala: Abasakazi bekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele batholakala kabanzi kubakhiqizi nabasabalalisi abahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuzenza zibe yintandokazi kubasakazi abaningi, njengoba kulula ukuzithola nokushintshwa uma kudingeka.

Sekukonke, abasakazi bekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele banikela ngenani lezinzuzo zemisebenzi emincane yomsakazo, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kalula, ukufinyeleleka, nokuqina. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka banganikeli ngezinga elifanayo lezici ezithuthukisiwe noma ukusebenza njengezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter, futhi bangase bangalungeli kakhulu imisebenzi emikhulu noma eyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho ucubungula izinhlobo ezahlukene zokusakaza kwe-FM, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela izidingo ezithile zokusebenza kwakho bese ukhetha isidlulisi esihlangabezana kangcono nalezo zidingo.
Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zomsakazo wekhabhinethi we-FM ozimele?
Umsakazi ozimele wekhabhinethi ye-FM uwuhlobo lwesidlulisi lapho zonke izingxenye zihlanganiswa nekhabhinethi eyodwa noma izindlu. Nazi ezinye izici ezihlukanisa abasakazi bekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele kwezinye izinhlobo zokusakaza:

1. Ukuzimela: Isidlulisi sekhabhinethi esizimele siyiyunithi eziqukethwe yona, okusho ukuthi zonke izingxenye ezifana nesidlulisi, isikhulisi, ukunikezwa kwamandla, ukupholisa, nezinhlelo zokulawula zihlanganiswe zibe iyunithi eyodwa. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukufaka nokusebenza.

2. Usayizi ohlangene: Njengoba zonke izingxenye zihlanganiswe kukhabhinethi eyodwa, ama-transmitter ekhabhinethi azimele avame ukubumbana kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter, okuwenza alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho isikhala silinganiselwe.

3. Ukusebenza Okuphezulu: Ama-transmitter ekhabhinethi azimele ayaziwa ngokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu. Basebenzisa imiklamo ethuthukisiwe enciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla, okusho ukuthi ugesi omningi uguqulwa ube amandla e-RF ukuze udluliselwe.

4. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu: Ngenxa yedizayini yabo edidiyelwe, umsakazi ozimele wekhabhinethi ye-FM uvame ukuba nokuthembeka okuphezulu kanye nezidingo eziphansi zokulungiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitters.

5. Ukufakwa kalula: Ama-transmitter ekhabhinethi azimele alula ukuwafaka, ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude, njengoba acushwa ngaphambili embonini abe nemvamisa oyifunayo, izinga lamandla, kanye nomkhawulokudonsa.

6. Engabizi kakhulu: Ama-transmitter ekhabhinethi azimele avame ukubiza kancane kunezinye izinhlobo zama-transmitter njengoba aqeda isidingo sezingxenye ezihlukene kanye nezindleko zokufaka.

Sekukonke, imvelo yokuzimela, usayizi ohlangene, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, nokuthembeka kwabasakazi bekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele kubenza babe inketho ekhangayo ezinhlelweni eziningi zokusakaza. Ukufakwa kwabo kalula, izindleko eziphansi, nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kusiza kakhulu eziteshini ezincane, abasakazi bomphakathi, nabakhiqizi bama-transmitter.
Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zomsakazo we-FM ohlangene?
Abasakazi bekhabhinethi ye-FM ezimele banezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene futhi bangasetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Nakhu okufingqiwe kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, okokusebenza okusetshenzisiwe, kanye nezindlela zokufaka ngakunye:

1. Iziteshi zomsakazo ezinkulu: Izisakazi zokusakaza zekhabhinethi ye-FM ezizimele zivame ukusetshenziswa iziteshi zomsakazo ezinkulu ezidinga ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu. Lawa ma-transmitters angaklanywa ukuthi akhiphe amandla afinyelela kumakhulu ambalwa ama-kilowatts. Ukuze kusekelwe ukudluliswa kwamandla aphezulu, lawa ma-transmitters ngokuvamile adinga imishini ekhethekile, efana nezinti ezinama-multi-bay, izintambo ezinamandla amakhulu ama-coaxial, kanye nemigqa yokudlulisa engalawula amandla kagesi aphezulu.

2. Iziteshi zomsakazo ezimaphakathi nezincane: Ama-transmitter ekhabhinethi azimele nawo asetshenziswa iziteshi zomsakazo eziphakathi nendawo kuya ezincane. Kulezi zimo, ama-transmitter ngokuvamile akhipha phakathi kwama-watts ambalwa kuya kuma-kilowatt ambalwa wamandla futhi abhangqwe nezimpondo ezinezimpondo eziningi noma eyodwa. Imishini yokudlulisa efana nekhebula, izivikeli zombani, nezihlungi kufanele zifakwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle.

3. Umsakazo womphakathi: Ama-transmitter ekhabhinethi azimele nawo asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zomsakazo womphakathi lapho izidingo zamandla ziphansi kuneziteshi ezinkulu. Lawa ma-transmitters avame ukuklanywa ukuthi ahlangane futhi afakwe kalula. Abhangqwe nezinti ezine-single-bay, futhi ukufakwa kwemishini yokudlulisela kugcinwa kuncane ukuze kwehliswe izindleko.

4. Ukusakaza kabusha: Izidluliseli zekhabhinethi ezizimele nazo ziwusizo ekusakazeni kabusha izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho zidingeka khona ukuze kudluliselwe isignali phakathi kwezindawo. Kulolu hlelo lokusebenza, i-transmitter isetshenziselwa ukwamukela isignali bese uyidlulisela kabusha. I-transmitter ibhangqwe nezinti ezifanele, izintambo, nemishini yokudlulisela yohlelo oluthile lokusakaza kabusha.

Mayelana nokufakwa nokusetshenziswa, ama-transmitter ekhabhinethi azimele ngokuvamile afakwa egumbini lemishini noma egumbini lokulawula. Inqubo yokufaka ngokuvamile ihilela ukukhweza ikhabhinethi endaweni yokubeka noma isitendi bese uyixhuma ohlelweni olufanele lokuphakelwa kwamandla nokulawula. Njengoba ama-transmitter ekhabhinethi azimele ezimele, ngokuvamile asebenziseka kalula futhi adinga ukulungiswa okuncane.

Kafushane, abasakazi bekhabhinethi be-FM abazimele banezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Asetshenziswa iziteshi zomsakazo ezincane, eziphakathi nendawo, ezinkulu kanye nomsakazo womphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zokusakaza kabusha. Impahla esetshenziselwa isicelo ngasinye incike ezidingweni ezithile zokudlulisela. Izinqubo zokufaka ziyahlukahluka kuye komongo, kodwa ama-transmitter ekhabhinethi azimele ngokuvamile alula ukuwafaka nokuyinakekela.

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