I-Medium Wave Antenna
A i-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi or I-antenna ye-AM or I-MF antenna (i-antenna yefrikhwensi emaphakathi), iwuhlobo lwe-antenna yomsakazo eklanyelwe ukwamukela nokudlulisa amasignali omsakazo ebangeni eliphakathi nendawo (MF), elisuka ku-300 kHz liye ku-3 MHz.
Ezingeni eliyisisekelo, i-antenna yegagasi elimaphakathi isebenza ngokuthwebula amaza omsakazo avela endaweni bese iwaguqulela isignali kagesi engamukelwa futhi isetshenzwe yisamukeli somsakazo. Lokhu kufezwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-electromagnetic induction, lapho amaza omsakazo enxenxa imisinga kagesi ku-conductive material ye-antenna. Ugesi ube usudluliselwa kumshini womsakazo kusetshenziswa intambo ye-coaxial noma olunye uhlobo lwezintambo.
Buka uchungechunge lwethu lwamavidiyo okwakhiwa kwe-10kW AM esizeni e-Cabanatuan, e-Philippines:
Ama-antenna amagagasi amaphakathi ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukusakaza, ukuxhumana, ukuzulazula, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi. Okulandelayo ezinye zezicelo ezibalulekile zama-antenna amagagasi aphakathi nendawo:
- Ukusakaza: Ama-antenna amagagasi amaphakathi ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukusakaza amasignali omsakazo ebangeni elide. Ziwusizo kakhulu ekusakazeni izindaba, umculo, nezinye izinhlobo zokuqukethwe komsindo.
- Ukuxhumana: Ama-antenna amagagasi amaphakathi nawo angasetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nomsakazo wezindlela ezimbili, njengakwezohwebo nezempi. Lawa ma-antenna angasiza ukuxhumana okuthembekile ezindaweni ezikude, ngisho nasezindaweni lapho ezinye izinhlobo zengqalasizinda yezokuxhumana zingase zingatholakali khona.
- navigation: Ama-antenna amagagasi amaphakathi ayingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokuzulazula zomsakazo, njengamabhakhoni omsakazo asetshenziswa endizeni. Lawa ma-antenna asiza abashayeli bezindiza ukuthi bazulazule ngokunikeza amasignali angasetshenziswa ukubala indawo nolunye ulwazi.
- Ucwaningo lwesayensi: Ama-antenna amagagasi amaphakathi asetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwesayensi, njengokutadisha ukusakazwa kwe-ionospheric nezinye izenzakalo ezihlobene namaza omsakazo. Zibuye zisetshenziswe kuyi-radio astronomy ukuthola nokuhlaziya imisebe ye-electromagnetic evela emkhathini.
Kafushane, ama-antenna amagagasi aphakathi anemisebenzi eminingi futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezihlukene. Asebenza ngokuthwebula amaza omsakazo ngokusebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction futhi angasetshenziselwa ukusakaza, ukuxhumana, ukuzulazula, ucwaningo lwesayensi, nezinye izinjongo eziningi.
I-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-medium wave ibalulekile esiteshini somsakazo esiphakathi nendawo ngoba ithinta ngqo ikhwalithi namandla esiginali esidluliswa yisiteshi. I-antenna yekhwalithi ingathuthukisa ukusakazwa kwesiteshi, ukwamukela, namandla esiginali, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungcono kukonke kanye nokufinyelela izethameli.
Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani i-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-medium wave ibalulekile:
- Ukufakwa okungeziwe: Isistimu ye-antenna eklanywe kahle ivumela isiteshi ukuthi sikhulise indawo yaso yokufaka, sifinyelele abalaleli abaningi. I-antenna yenzuzo ephezulu ingathatha isignali eyengeziwe kumthumeli, ikhulise ibanga elingahanjwa isignali.
- Ikhwalithi yesignali engcono: I-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yesiginali, iyenze ibe lula ekuphazamisekeni noma ekuhlanekezeleni okuvela kwamanye amasignali noma izici zemvelo. Lokhu kuholela esignali ecacile, engaguquki yabalaleli.
- Ukwamukela okuthuthukisiwe: I-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu ekugcineni kokwamukela ingasiza ekwenyuseni amandla esiginali ethathwa umsakazo, okuholela emuzweni ongcono kakhulu wokwamukela komlaleli.
- Ukuphatha amandla okuthuthukisiwe: I-antenna eyakhiwe kahle iyakwazi ukuphatha amazinga aphezulu amandla ngaphandle kokudala ukuhlanekezela noma ezinye izinkinga, okubalulekile uma udluliswa amabanga amade.
- Ukuthobela ukulawula: I-FCC ivamise ukudinga ukuthi abasakazi begagasi elimaphakathi balandele imithetho nemithethonqubo ethile mayelana nohlobo nekhwalithi ye-antenna abayisebenzisayo. I-antenna yekhwalithi isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela le mithetho.
Kafushane, i-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu yegagasi eliphakathi ibalulekile esiteshini somsakazo ngoba ingakhuphula ukusakazwa, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yesignali, ithuthukise ukwamukela, ibambe amazinga aphezulu wamandla, futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokulawula. Lokhu kubangela umuzwa ongcono wokusakaza jikelele esiteshini nabalaleli baso.
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I-FMUSER Omnidirectional Medium Wave Antenna Yokuthola Irediyo ye-AM
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I-FMUSER AM Shunt Fed Medium Wave Antenna Yesiteshi Sokusakaza Se-AM
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I-FMUSER I-Log-periodic Antenna Eshintshayo Yesiteshi Sokusakaza Se-AM
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- Zingaki izinhlobo zezimpondo ezimaphakathi ezikhona?
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezimpondo zamagagasi aphakathi nendawo ezingasetshenziselwa isiteshi samagagasi aphakathi nendawo. Okulandelayo yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezimpondo zamagagasi aphakathi nendawo, kanye nencazelo yokuthi zisebenza kanjani.
1. I-Monopole Antenna Emile: Lolu hlobo lwe-antenna luwucingo olulula olume mpo noma isigxobo esima siqonde futhi esisekelwe phansi. Isetshenziselwa iziteshi zokusakaza futhi inephethini yemisebe ehlukaniswa iqonde phezulu, amandla amaningi asakazwa aqonde phezulu. Lolu thi aludingi indiza ephansi, kodwa ludinga uhlelo olubanzi lwaphansi ukuze lusebenze ngokwanele.
2. I-Dipole Antenna: I-antenna ye-Dipole iqukethe izintambo ezimbili ezinobude obulinganayo noma izigxobo ezihlukaniswa yisivikelo futhi ziphakelwa ngomugqa wokudlulisela olinganiselayo. Lolu hlobo lwe-antenna lusetshenziselwa kokubili iziteshi zokudlulisa nokwamukela. Imvamisa, i-antenna ye-dipole yenziwa ngocingo futhi ifakwe ivundlile phakathi kwezigxobo ezimbili ezisekelayo. Izimpondo ze-Dipole ziyi-omnidirectional futhi zinephethini yemisebe eqondile ocingweni.
3. T-Antenna: I-T-antenna ingolunye uhlobo lwe-antenna esetshenziselwa ukusakaza kwamagagasi aphakathi nendawo. Iqukethe intambo eqondile ("T") exhunywe kusidlulisi, namakhondakta amabili avundlile ngaphansi kwerediyetha eqondile. Izintambo ezimbili ezivundlile zisebenza njengesistimu yomhlabathi. Lolu hlobo lwe-antenna lunephethini yemisebe ene-omnidirectional.
4. I-Ferrite Rod Antenna: I-antenna ye-ferrite rod wuhlobo lwe-antenna olusetshenziswa ezamukeli ezincane eziphathwayo neziphathwayo. Iwumgogodla omise okwenduku owenziwe nge-ferrite material, okuboshwe kuyo ikhoyili yocingo ukuze kwakheke iluphu ye-inductive. I-ferrite core inyusa ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna ngokugxilisa inkambu kazibuthe ezungeze ikhoyili. Kuyisibonelo se-antenna eqondisayo futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuthola umthombo wesignali ngokuzungezisa uthi ukuze uthole isiqondiso samandla esignali aphezulu.
5. Iluphu Antenna: Ama-loop antenna asetshenziselwa kokubili ukwamukela nokudlulisa. Aqukethe iluphu yocingo noma ikhoyili ehlelwe ngendlela eyisishiyagalombili. Lawa ma-antenna asebenza ngokukhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe lapho isakazwa isignali yomsakazo engenayo. Lo mkhakha uzibuthe ungenisa amandla kagesi ku-loop, abe esekhuliswa futhi asetshenziswe imishini yomsakazo.
Sengiphetha, lezi yizinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-antenna amagagasi aphakathi nendawo asetshenziselwa ukusakaza, ukudlulisa nokwamukela amasignali omsakazo. I-antenna ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile futhi isetshenziswa kuye ngezidingo ezithile zokusakaza noma uhlelo lokuxhumana. Ukusebenza kahle kanye nephethini yemisebe ye-antenna kuncike ekwakhiweni kwayo, ukubekwa kwayo, kanye nesakhiwo sokusekela.
- Ingamboza kude kangakanani i-antenna yamagagasi?
- Ukumbozwa kwe-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngezinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa amandla esidluliseli, uhlobo lwe-antenna esetshenzisiwe, ukuphakama kwe-antenna ngaphezu komhlaba, imvamisa yesiginali, kanye nokusebenza komhlaba.
Ngokuvamile, nge-5-10 kW medium wave transmitter kanye nesistimu ye-antenna eklanywe kahle, isiteshi singavala indawo engamamayela angu-50-100 emini kanye namamayela angu-100-300 noma ngaphezulu ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, ukumbozwa kwangempela kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi futhi kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo ethile nezimo zemvelo.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukumbozwa kwe-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi, nanka amanye amathiphu:
1. Khulisa ubude bothi: Lapho i-antenna ingaphezulu komhlaba, iba nkulu indawo yokumboza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaza omsakazo angahamba phambili emkhathini ngaphandle kokuvinjwa okuncane ukusuka phansi.
2. Sebenzisa isidlulisi samandla esiphezulu: Ukwenyusa amandla okuhambisa kungathuthukisa ukumbozwa, kepha lokhu kungabiza futhi kungadinga amalayisense angeziwe kanye nemishini.
3. Sebenzisa uthi oluqondisayo: Ama-antenna aqondisayo angagxilisa isignali ohlangothini oluthile, okungaba usizo ekuqondiseni izindawo ezithile zejografi kanye nokunciphisa amandla amoshayo.
4. Thuthukisa ukuqhutshwa komhlaba: I-Ground conductivity idlala indima ebalulekile ekumbozweni kweziteshi zamagagasi aphakathi nendawo. Ukufaka isistimu yomhlabathi engcono noma ukukhetha indawo ene-conductivity enhle kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna.
5. Sebenzisa ukushuna kwe-antenna noma amayunithi afanayo: Lawa mayunithi angasiza ekwandiseni ukudluliswa kwamandla phakathi kwe-transmitter kanye ne-antenna, okuholela ekumbozeni okuthuthukisiwe nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka.
Sengiphetha, ukumbozwa kwe-antenna yegagasi eliphakathi kunqunywa kakhulu izinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa amandla esidluliseli, uhlobo lwe-antenna esetshenzisiwe, ukuphakama kwe-antenna ngaphezu komhlaba, imvamisa yesiginali, kanye nokusebenza kwe-antenna. emhlabathini. Ngokulandela imihlahlandlela ethile eyisisekelo, kuyenzeka uthuthukise ukusebenza kwe-antenna yamagagasi amaphakathi futhi uthuthukise ukumboza kwayo endaweni ethile.
- Yiziphi izicaciso ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-antenna yegagasi eliphakathi?
- Ukucaciswa komzimba kanye ne-RF kwe-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi kungahluka kuye ngohlelo oluthile, kodwa ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele zicatshangelwe zifaka:
1. Ibanga lemvamisa: Ububanzi befrikhwensi ye-antenna yamagagasi amaphakathi ngokuvamile buyibanga elingu-530 kHz ukuya ku-1700 kHz.
2.Impedance: I-impedance ye-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi ngokuvamile icishe ibe ngu-50 ohms. I-impedance ye-antenna kufanele ifaniswe nokuvinjelwa komugqa wokudlulisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwamandla okuphezulu.
3. I-Polarization: I-polarization ye-antenna yegagasi elimaphakathi ingaba mpo noma ivundlile, kuye ngohlelo oluthile nokufakwa.
4. Iphethini yokukhishwa kwemisebe: Iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna yegagasi elimaphakathi inquma isiqondiso nobukhulu bamandla kazibuthe kagesi. Iphethini yemisebe ingaba yonke indawo, inkombandlela, noma i-bi-directional, kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza oluthile.
5. Ukuzuza: Ukuzuza kwe-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi kuyisilinganiso samandla ayo okukhulisa izinga lesignali endaweni ethile. I-antenna yenzuzo ephezulu izonikeza amandla esignali amakhulu endaweni ethile.
6. Ububanzi: Umkhawulokudonsa we-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi ububanzi bezandiso lapho ingadlulisela khona noma yamukele amasignali ngempumelelo. Umkhawulokudonsa we-antenna ungandiswa ngokwandisa usayizi womzimba we-antenna noma ngokusebenzisa umklamo oyinkimbinkimbi.
7. Ukusebenza kahle: Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi kuyisilinganiso sokuthi mangakanani amandla adluliswa yisidlulisi empeleni asakazwa njengamandla kazibuthe kagesi. I-antenna esebenza kahle kakhulu izonikeza amandla esignali engeziwe okukhipha amandla okuhambisa okunikezwayo.
8. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio): I-VSWR isilinganiso senani lamandla abonisiwe avela othini ngenxa yokungafani kokuphazamiseka. I-VSWR ephezulu ingaholela ekusebenzeni okuncishisiwe kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona kumthumeli.
9. Ukuvikelwa Kombani: Umbani ungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ezintini. I-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi nendawo eklanywe kahle kufanele ifake izici ezifana nezinti zombani, amasistimu okumisa phansi, nezibambisi zokuhlinza ukuze zivikeleke ekushayweni kombani.
Kafushane, ukucaciswa ngokomzimba kanye ne-RF kothi oluphakathi kwamagagasi kubalulekile ukucatshangelwa lapho uklama futhi ukhetha uthi lohlelo oluthile. I-antenna eklanywe kahle futhi elungiselelwe kahle inganikeza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe, amandla esignali amakhulu, nokuxhumana okuthembekile.
- Yiziphi izakhiwo ze-antenna yamagagasi amaphakathi?
- I-antenna yegagasi elimaphakathi ngokuvamile iqukethe intambo noma isethi yezintambo ezihlelwe ngendlela ethile noma ukumisa, njenge-dipole evundlile noma i-monopole eqondile. I-antenna ingase futhi ibe nezinto ezengeziwe, njengezibonisi noma izici zomqondisi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo. Usayizi nokuma kwe-antenna kungancika ezintweni ezifana nemvamisa yesiginali eklanyelwe ukuyithola noma ukuyidlulisela, isikhala esitholakalayo sokufakwa, kanye nephethini yemisebe efiselekayo. Ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamagagasi aphakathi nendawo zifaka i-T-antenna, i-dipole antenna egoqiwe, kanye ne-antenna yendiza ephansi.
- Ingabe i-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi nendawo ilingana nothi lokusakaza lwe-AM futhi ngani?
- Yebo, i-antenna yegagasi elimaphakathi iyinto efanayo ne-antenna yokusakaza ye-AM, njengoba kusetshenziswa amaza amaza aphakathi nendawo ekusakazeni umsakazo we-AM (Amplitude Modulation). Eqinisweni, amagama athi "igagasi elimaphakathi" nelithi "AM" avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana ukuze abhekisele kuhlu olufanayo lwamaza (530 kHz kuya ku-1710 kHz eNyakatho Melika).
Ngakho-ke, i-antenna eyenzelwe amaza amaphakathi nayo ifanele ukusakazwa kwe-AM, ngokuphambene nalokho. I-antenna ishunwa ukuze izwakale ngemvamisa efiselekayo yesiginali, ebese idluliswa noma yamukelwe uthi. Umgomo we-antenna uwukuguqula kahle amandla kagesi abe emisebeni kagesi kagesi, engadluliswa esikhaleni (ukusakaza) noma etholwe kumaza omoya (okwamukele umsakazo).
- Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-antenna yegagasi elimaphakathi, i-shortwave antenna, i-microwave antenna, kanye ne-longwave antenna?
- Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamagagasi amaphakathi, ama-shortwave, ama-microwave, nezimpondo ze-longwave:
1. Ibanga lemvamisa: Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-antenna luklanyelwe ukusebenza ngamaza athile. Ama-antenna amagagasi amaphakathi aklanyelwe ukusebenza ebangeni lika-530 kHz ukuya ku-1710 kHz, kuyilapho izimpondo ze-shortwave zimboza ububanzi obusuka ku-1.6 MHz ukuya ku-30 MHz. Ama-antenna amade avala amaza asuka ku-30 kHz kuya ku-300 kHz, kuyilapho izimpondo ze-microwave zisebenza ebangeni le-1 GHz ukuya ku-100 GHz (noma ngaphezulu).
2. Usayizi nokuma: Usayizi nokuma kwe-antenna nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezihluka phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ama-antenna amagagasi aphakathi nendawo angabumbana, ahlanganise i-dipole noma i-monopole antenna. Ngokuphambene, ama-antenna ama-shortwave avame ukuba made futhi ayinkimbinkimbi, anezici eziningi zokumboza ububanzi obubanzi befrikhwensi. Izimpondo ze-Longwave zingase zibe zinkulu nakakhulu, kuyilapho izimpondo ze-microwave ngokuvamile ziba mancane kakhulu futhi ziqondise kakhudlwana.
3. Izici zokusabalalisa: Indlela amaza omsakazo asakazeka ngayo emkhathini incike ebuningini besignali. Isibonelo, amasiginali wamagagasi amaphakathi angahamba amabanga amade uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ionosphere, kodwa asengozini yokuphazamiseka kwamanye amasignali nezimo zomoya. Amasignali ama-Shortwave nawo angahamba amabanga amade, kodwa awathinteki kalula ekuphazamisekeni futhi angasetshenziselwa ukusakazwa kwamazwe ngamazwe, kuyilapho amasignali e-microwave eqondisa kakhulu futhi avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwendawo eyodwa kuya kwephuzu emabangeni amafushane.
I-4. Isicelo: Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-antenna luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Ama-antenna amagagasi amaphakathi asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko umsakazo wokusakaza we-AM, kuyilapho izimpondo ze-shortwave zisetshenziselwa ukusakazwa kwamazwe ngamazwe, umsakazo wezimfundamakhwela, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ama-antenna amade avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuzulazula, kuyilapho izimpondo ze-microwave zisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokuxhumana nobuchwepheshe, obufana nomakhalekhukhwini, i-Wi-Fi, ne-radar.
Kafushane, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-antenna luklanyelwe ukusebenza kumaza athile futhi lunosayizi ohlukile nezici zomumo, izimfanelo zokusabalalisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
- Yini equkethe uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna wave wave?
- Uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi nendawo yesiteshi sokusakaza ngokuvamile lungafaka lezi zinsiza ezilandelayo:
1. I-Antenna insika noma umbhoshongo - Isakhiwo eside esisekela isistimu ye-antenna, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngensimbi noma enye into eqinile.
2. Iyunithi yokushuna i-antenna (ATU) - inethiwekhi ehambisanayo evumela isidluliseli ukuthi sihambisane ngokuphumelelayo nohlelo lwe-antenna, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukufanisa ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwesidlulisi kanye ne-antenna.
3. Baluni - ingxenye kagesi eguqula amasignali angalingani abe amasignali alinganiselayo noma ngokuphambene.
4. Ulayini wokudlulisela - intambo ye-coaxial noma olunye uhlobo lwekhebula oluxhuma okukhiphayo kuhlelo lwe-antenna.
5. Uhlelo lokuqapha i-antenna - umshini okala amandla kanye ne-SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) yesiginali edluliswayo kanye nokubonakala kwe-antenna.
6. Izibambi zombani - Amadivayisi ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka ekushayweni kombani ukuvimbela ukulimala ohlelweni lwe-antenna.
7. Imishini yokugawula - uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokuvikela uhlelo lwe-antenna ekukhishweni kukagesi omile.
8. Imishini yokukhanyisa umbhoshongo - isistimu yokukhanyisa efakwe embhoshongweni we-antenna ukukhombisa ubukhona bayo ebusuku futhi ihambisane nemithetho yezokuphepha.
9. Imishini yokucubungula umsindo - iqinisekisa amasignali alalelwayo ekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze adluliselwe emoyeni.
10. Imishini yeStudio - ukukhiqiza nokusakaza izinhlelo zomsakazo.
11. I-Transmitter - eguqula amasignali kagesi asuka esitudiyo abe amaza omsakazo futhi awakhulise afinyelele ekuphumeni okudingekayo.
Kafushane, uhlelo lwe-antenna lwesiteshi sokusakaza esiphakathi nendawo luhlanganisa insika ye-antenna noma umbhoshongo, iyunithi yokushuna i-antenna, i-balun, ulayini wokudlulisa, uhlelo lokuqapha i-antenna, izibambi zombani, izinto zokubeka phansi, okokukhanyisa kombhoshongo, okokusebenza komsindo, okokusebenza kwe-studio, kanye umthumeli.
- Yimuphi umehluko phakathi kohlobo lokudlulisela nolwemukelayo lwe-antenna yegagasi eliphakathi?
- Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamagagasi aphakathi nendawo adlulisa izimpondo kanye nomsakazo othola izinti ezimaphakathi:
1. Intengo: Ngokuvamile, izinti zokudlulisa zibiza kakhulu kunokwamukela izimpondo ngenxa yobukhulu bazo kanye nomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi. Izindleko zothi oluthumelayo zingasukela emashumini ezinkulungwane ziye ezigidini zamaRandi, kuyilapho ukuthola izinti ngokuvamile kuthengwa kakhulu.
I-2. Izicelo: Ama-antenna asetshenziswayo asetshenziselwa ukuthumela amasignali omsakazo ebangeni elide, njengokusakazwa komsakazo we-AM, ukuxhumana kwezempi, noma ukuzulazula olwandle. Ukwamukela ama-antenna, ngakolunye uhlangothi, asetshenziselwa ukucosha amasignali omsakazo ngezinjongo zokulalela, njengokwamukela umsakazo we-AM womuntu siqu noma ukusetshenziswa esiteshini somsakazo sabangafundile.
Ukusebenza: Ukusebenza kwe-antenna ngokuvamile kukalwa ngokusebenza kwayo kahle kwemisebe, ikhono lokudlulisa isignali kumabanga amade, kanye nekhono layo lokusingatha amazinga aphezulu wamandla ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela noma ukulimala. Ukwamukela ama-antenna, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuvamile kukalwa ngokuzwela kwawo, amandla okuthatha amasignali abuthakathaka, kanye nekhono lawo lokwenqaba amasiginali angafuneki.
4. Izakhiwo: Ama-antenna avame ukuba mkhulu kakhulu futhi ayinkimbinkimbi kunokwamukela izinti, ezinezici eziningi futhi ngokuvamile zidinga umbhoshongo ophakeme noma insika ukuze zisekelwe. Ukwamukela izinti kungase kube kuncane kakhulu futhi kungabi nzima kakhulu, njengocingo olulula noma iluphu.
5. Imvamisa: Idizayini yokudlulisa nokwamukela izinti ingahluka ngokuya ngemvamisa yesiginali ahloselwe ukuyidlulisela noma ukuyithola. Ama-antenna amaphakathi adlulisa amagagasi aklanyelwe ukusebenza ebangeni elingu-530-1710 kHz, kuyilapho ukwamukela izinti kungase kudizayinelwe ukumboza ububanzi obubanzi befrikhwensi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
I-6. Ukufaka: Ama-antenna adlulisayo adinga ukufakwa ngokucophelela nokulinganisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuhambisana nemithetho ye-FCC. Ukwamukela izinti zingafakwa kalula noma zingadingi ukulinganisa okuningi.
7. Ukulungisa nokunakekela: Ukudlulisa izinti kungase kudinge ukunakekelwa okuphindaphindiwe noma ukulungiswa ngenxa yobukhulu nokusetshenziswa kwazo, kuyilapho ukwamukela izinti kungase kuqine futhi kudinge ukulungiswa okuncane.
Kafushane, ama-antenna amakhulu futhi ayinkimbinkimbi kunokwamukela izimpondo, futhi asetshenziselwa ukuthumela amasignali omsakazo ebangeni elide. Zidinga ukufakwa ngokucophelela nokulinganisa, futhi zingabiza kakhulu ukuzithenga nokuyinakekela. Ama-antenna ngokuvamile mancane futhi ayinkimbinkimbi, futhi asetshenziselwa ukucosha amasignali omsakazo ngezinjongo zokulalela. Kungaba lula ukuzifaka futhi zidinga ukulungiswa nokulinganisa okuncane kunokudlulisa izimpondo.
- Ungakhetha kanjani i-antenna engcono kakhulu ye-medium wave?
- Lapho ukhetha i-antenna yamagagasi amaphakathi yesiteshi somsakazo, izici ezimbalwa zidinga ukucatshangelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Lezi zici zihlanganisa:
1. Ubude be-antenna: Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kwe-antenna, ukusebenza kangcono. I-antenna ende izonikeza indawo enkulu yokumboza futhi ikhiqize isignali enamandla.
2. Uhlobo lwe-antenna: Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinti zamagagasi aphakathi nendawo ongakhetha kuzo, okuhlanganisa ama-monopoles, ama-dipoles, nama-loop antenna. Uhlobo lwe-antenna luzoncika ezidingweni ezithile zesiteshi somsakazo.
3. Ukuqondisa: Izimpondo eziqondisayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezinye iziteshi nomsindo kagesi. Bangakwazi ukugxilisa amandla okudlulisela ohlangothini oluthile olukhulisa indawo yokumboza.
4. Uhlelo oluphansi: Uhlelo olufanele lomhlabathi lubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna. Isistimu yaphansi ihlinzeka ngendlela ene-impedance ephansi yokuthi amandla efrikhwensi yomsakazo (RF) ageleze abuyele kumthumeli.
5. Ukumatanisa kokuphazamiseka: Ukufanisa i-antenna impedance ne-impedance yokuphuma kwe-transmitter kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwesignali.
Ngokucabangela lezi zici, isiteshi somsakazo singakhetha i-antenna emaphakathi efanele ezohlinzeka ngokusebenza okungcono kakhulu kwezidingo zabo.
- Ungakhetha kanjani isisekelo se-antenna emaphakathi kumandla okukhiphayo we-AM transmitter?
- Ukukhetha i-antenna yegagasi emaphakathi efanele yesidluliseli sokusakaza se-AM kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa izinga lamandla lesidlulisi kanye nendawo yokukhava oyifunayo. Nansi eminye imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile okufanele icatshangelwe lapho ukhetha izinti zezithutha zokusakaza ze-AM ezinamaleveli ahlukene wamandla:
1. Amandla: Kuma-transmitter wamandla aphansi, i-dipole noma i-monopole antenna ingase yanele, kuyilapho ama-transmitter amakhulu angase adinge i-antenna eqondisayo noma i-loop antenna ukuze kuzuzwe indawo efiselekayo yokumboza.
2. Ibanga Lemvamisa: Ama-antenna ahlukene enzelwe izigaba zamafrikhwensi ahlukene, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha uthi oludizayinelwe ngqo ibanga lefrikhwensi yesithumeli.
3. Uhlelo Lomhlaba: Uhlelo oluphansi luyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-antenna lokusakaza futhi lungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-antenna. Izithutha amandla eziphakeme ngokuvamile zidinga isistimu yomhlabathi ebanzi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kusebenze kahle.
4. Indawo yokufaka efiselekayo: Indawo ekhavayo efiselekayo ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha uthi. Iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna, ubude, kanye nendlela zonke zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni indawo ekhavayo, futhi kufanele yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezithile zokusakaza.
5. Izingqinamba zesabelomali: Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-antenna zinezindleko ezihlukene, ngakho-ke izingqinamba zesabelomali zingadinga ukucatshangelwa lapho kukhethwa uthi. Ama-antenna e-Monopole kanye ne-dipole avamise ukubiza kancane kune-loop antenna noma izimpondo eziqondisayo.
Ngokuvamile, lapho ukhetha i-antenna yokusakaza ye-AM yesidlulisi esinamaleveli wamandla ahlukene, kubalulekile ukukhetha uthi olufana nobubanzi befrikhwensi yesidluliseli, indawo yokukhava efiswayo, kanye nezidingo zamandla. Unjiniyela wokusakaza onolwazi angasiza ekunqumeni i-antenna efaneleke kakhulu ngokusekelwe kulezi zici nokunye ukucatshangelwa kobunjiniyela.
- Yiziphi izitifiketi ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lwe-antenna emaphakathi?
- Izitifiketi ezidingekayo ukuze kumiswe uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna yegagasi elimaphakathi esiteshini samagagasi amaphakathi zingahluka kuye ngendawo yomsakazi kanye nemithetho ethile elawula ukudluliswa kwefrikhwensi yomsakazo kuleyo ndawo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zezitifiketi ezingadingeka emazweni amaningi zifaka okulandelayo:
1. Ilayisensi: Ukuze usebenzise isiteshi esimaphakathi, uzodinga ukufaka isicelo selayisensi ye-FCC e-United States, ilayisense ye-CRTC eCanada, noma ilayisense ye-Ofcom e-UK, kuya ngendawo okuyo. Le layisensi igunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwamafrikhwensi omsakazo futhi inikeza imihlahlandlela kumapharamitha wobuchwepheshe esiteshini, okuhlanganisa nohlelo lwe-antenna.
2. Isitifiketi Sobungcweti: Isitifiketi sobungcweti, esifana naleso esikhishwe yiNhlangano Yonjiniyela Bokusakaza (SBE), singasiza ekuboniseni ubuchwepheshe kulo mkhakha futhi sikhulise ukwethembeka njengochwepheshe embonini.
3. Isitifiketi Sokuphepha: Isitifiketi sokuphepha sibonisa ukuthi unolwazi nokuqeqeshwa okufanele ukuze usebenze ngokuphepha ezindaweni eziyingozi, njengalapho ukhuphuka imibhoshongo.
4. Isitifiketi sikagesi: Isitifiketi sikagesi sibonisa ukuthi unolwazi nokuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ukuze ufake, unakekele, futhi ulungise amasistimu kagesi, okuhlanganisa namasistimu asetshenziswa ekufakweni kwezinti.
5. Isitifiketi Sokumisa: Ukuqinisekisa ukubekwa phansi okufanele, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nesitifiketi sokumisa, esibonisa ukuthi unokuqonda ukuthi ungalufaka kanjani umhlaba kahle uhlelo lwe-antenna nezinto zokusebenza ezihambisanayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imithetho nezitifiketi zingahluka ngezwe nendawo, futhi kubalulekile ukucwaninga imithetho yendawo nemithethonqubo ukuze kutholwe izidingo ezithile zokusetha uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna yamagagasi amaphakathi esiteshini samagagasi amaphakathi.
- Ithini inqubo ephelele ye-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi ukusuka ekukhiqizeni kuya ekufakweni?
- Inqubo yokukhiqiza nokufaka i-antenna yegagasi eliphakathi esiteshini somsakazo ingabandakanya izigaba ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa nalezi ezilandelayo:
1. Idizayini: Inqubo iqala ngokwakhiwa kwe-antenna ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zesiteshi somsakazo. Idizayini izocabangela izici ezifana nendawo yokuhlanganisa, izimfuneko zokuqondisa, kanye nebhendi yefrikhwensi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphezulu.
2. Ukukhiqiza: Uma umklamo usuphothuliwe, i-antenna izokwenziwa. Inqubo yokukhiqiza izoncika ohlotsheni oluthile lwe-antenna futhi ingase ibandakanye ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezikhethekile njengezibonisi noma izivikeli.
3. Ukuhlolwa: Ngemuva kokuthi ukukhiqiza sekuqediwe, i-antenna izohlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlangabezana nezimfuneko zedizayini. Ukuhlola kungase kuhlanganise ukukala ukuthikamezeka kwe-antenna, inzuzo, kanye nephethini yemisebe.
4. Ukuthumela: Uma i-antenna isidlulile esigabeni sokuhlola, izothunyelwa esiteshini somsakazo ukuze ifakwe.
I-5. Ukufaka: Inqubo yokufaka izobandakanya ukufakwa ngokoqobo kwe-antenna endaweni yesiteshi somsakazo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukumisa umbhoshongo noma ukukhweza uthi esakhiweni esikhona njengesakhiwo. Inqubo yokufaka ingase futhi ibandakanye ukufakwa kwesistimu yaphansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle.
6. Ukulungiswa: Ngemva kokufakwa kwe-antenna, kungase kudinge ukulungiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukulungisa ubude noma isiqondiso se-antenna noma ukulungisa kahle ukufaniswa kokuphazamiseka.
7. Isondlo: Okokugcina, ukugcinwa njalo nokuhlolwa kothi kuyodingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi luyaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile nokulungiswa ukuze kulandelwe izici zemvelo ezingase zibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni, njengezinguquko zesimo sezulu noma ukwakhiwa okuseduze.
Kafushane, inqubo yokukhiqiza nokufaka i-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi nendawo ihilela izigaba ezimbalwa, kusukela ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizeni kuye ekuhlolweni, ekuthumeleni, ekufakeni, ekulungisweni nasekulungisweni okuqhubekayo. Isigaba ngasinye sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna esiteshini somsakazo.
- Uyigcina kanjani kahle i-antenna yegagasi elimaphakathi?
- Ukugcinwa kahle kwe-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nazi ezinye izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokugcina i-antenna yamagagasi amaphakathi:
1. Ukuhlola okuvamile: I-antenna kufanele ihlolwe njalo ukuze kutholakale izimpawu zokulimala noma ukuguga. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola ukugqwala, ukuxhumeka okuxekethile, nokulimala ezingxenyeni ezibonakalayo njengezibonisi noma izivikeli. Kubalulekile ukulungisa noma yiziphi izinkinga ezitholakala ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuthi ziholele ezinkingeni ezibalulekile kamuva.
2. Ukuhlanza: Ukungcola, imfucumfucu, nokunye ukungcola kunganqwabelana phezu kwe-antenna, kunciphise ukusebenza kwayo. Ukuhlanza njalo kungasiza ekususeni lokhu kungcola futhi kuqinisekise ukudluliswa kwesignali okuphelele. Sebenzisa ibhulashi eline-bristled elithambile noma ihlanza lamanzi elinengcindezi encane ukuze uhlanze ngokucophelela uthi ngaphandle kokululimaza.
3. Ukugcinwa kwesistimu ephansi: Uhlelo lwaphansi luyingxenye ebalulekile yothi, oluhlinzeka ngendlela enezithiyo eziphansi ukuze amandla e-RF ageleze abuyele kusidlulisi. Hlola isistimu yokubeka phansi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ixhumeke kahle futhi isesimweni esihle. Izinti zaphansi kufanele zingagqwali futhi zihlanjululwe ngamanzi ukuze kususwe ukunqwabelana komhlabathi.
4. Ukulungiswa: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinguquko endaweni ebonakalayo ezungeze uthi zingathinta ukusebenza kwayo. Ukulungiswa kobude be-antenna, inkombandlela, noma ukufaniswa kwe-impedance kungase kudingeke ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza okuphezulu. Uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe kufanele enze lezi zinguquko.
5. Ukuhlola okuvamile: Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokusebenza kwe-antenna kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwesignali efanele. Ukulinganisa ukuthinta kwe-antenna, inzuzo, kanye nephethini yemisebe kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga zokusebenza nokuqinisekisa ukulungiswa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuthi ikhwalithi yokusakaza kwesiteshi ithikamezeke kabi.
Ngokulandela lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili, i-antenna yegagasi elimaphakathi ingagcinwa ngendlela efanele, inikeze ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu futhi inwebe isikhathi sayo sokuphila esiwusizo.
- Ululungisa kanjani i-antenna yegagasi elimaphakathi uma yehluleka ukusebenza?
- Uma i-antenna yegagasi elimaphakathi ihluleka ukusebenza, izici ezimbalwa zingase zidlale, njengengxenye eyonakele, uxhumo olunqanyuliwe, noma inkinga ngohlelo oluphansi. Nansi inqubo evamile yokulungisa i-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi nendawo:
1. Hlola uthi: Yenza ukuhlola okubonakalayo kwe-antenna ukuze ubone ukuthi akukho yini umonakalo obonakalayo, njenge-elementi ephukile, isivikelo esilimele, noma ingxenye egqwalile. Qaphela noma yini ebonakala yonakalisiwe noma ingekho endaweni.
2. Hlola ukuxhumana kukagesi: Hlola zonke izixhumi zikagesi ukuthi azixhumekile yini noma ezigqwalile. Izixhumi ezilimele noma ezigugile kufanele zishintshwe.
3. Hlola uthi: Sebenzisa i-antenna analyzer noma ezinye izinto zokuhlola ukuze ulinganise ukuthinta kothi, ukuzuza, i-reflection coefficient, nezinye izinkomba zokusebenza. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlukanisa ukuthi ngabe inkinga imisebe ye-antenna, ukufanisa kwayo okuvimbayo noma ulayini wokudlulisela.
4. Xazulula inkinga uhlelo lwe-antenna: Uma inkinga ingakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ne-antenna ngokwayo, uhlelo lwe-antenna kuzodingeka luhlaziywe. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuhlaziya isidluliseli, ulayini wokudlulisela, kanye nesistimu yokubeka phansi.
5. Yenza ukulungisa okudingekayo: Lapho inkinga isihlukanisiwe, yenza ukulungisa okudingekayo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukushintsha izingxenye ezilimele, ukulungisa izixhumi, noma ukulungisa ukuphakama kwe-antenna noma isiqondiso, noma ukufaniswa kwe-impedance.
6. Hlola uthi olulungisiwe: Uma ukulungiswa sekulungisiwe, hlola uhlelo olulungisiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lusebenza kahle manje. Kunconywa ukwenza ukuthunyelwa kokuhlola ukuhlola ikhwalithi yokwamukela.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukulungisa i-antenna yegagasi elimaphakathi kungaba inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga izinsizakalo zikachwepheshe onelayisensi onamakhono adingekayo nolwazi lokuxilonga inkinga nokwenza ukulungisa okudingekayo. Ngokunakwa nokunakekelwa okufanele, nokho, i-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi inganikeza ukusakazwa okuthembekile, okuseqophelweni eliphezulu iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
- Yiziphi izimfanelo zikanjiniyela ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lwe-antenna wave wave?
- Iziqu ezidingekayo ukuze kumiswe uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi nendawo yesiteshi samagagasi aphakathi nendawo zincike ezicini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa usayizi wesiteshi, inkimbinkimbi yohlelo lwe-antenna, nemithetho kanye nezidingo zendawo. Nokho, ngokuvamile, lezi ziqu ezilandelayo ziyadingeka:
1. Ezemfundo: Idigri yobunjiniyela bakagesi noma izinkambu ezihlobene ezifana nezokuxhumana ngomsakazo, ubunjiniyela bokusakaza, noma ezokuxhumana zingase zibe yimpahla.
2. Ulwazi Lwemboni: Ukwakha nokugcina uhlelo lwe-antenna yamagagasi aphakathi nendawo kudinga ulwazi olusebenzayo ekusakazeni umsakazo, izinhlelo ze-antenna, nobunjiniyela be-RF.
3. Isitifiketi: Ukunikezwa isitifiketi yizinhlangano zemboni ezifanele, njenge-Society of Broadcast Engineers (SBE), kungase kudingeke ukuze ubonise ubuchwepheshe bakho kulo mkhakha.
4. Ulwazi lwemithetho nezimiso ezifanele: Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthobela imithetho yendawo nezindikimba ezilawulayo, njenge-FCC yase-United States noma i-Ofcom e-United Kingdom.
5. Ulwazi lwesofthiwe yokuklama ubunjiniyela: Ukusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe ekhethekile njenge-MATLAB, i-COMSOL ne-Autocad kubalulekile ekuklameni uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna emaphakathi.
6. Ikhono lomzimba: Ikhono lokukhuphuka imibhoshongo nokusebenza ezindaweni ezingaphandle ezidinga kakhulu ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile, uma kubhekwa uhlobo lomsebenzi.
Kafushane, ukuze umise uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna emaphakathi yesiteshi samaza aphakathi nendawo, kufanele ube nemfundo efanele, isipiliyoni sembonini, isitifiketi, ulwazi lwemithetho nemithethonqubo, ulwazi lwesoftware yokuklama ubunjiniyela, nekhono lomzimba. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngentuthuko nobuchwepheshe bakamuva kulo mkhakha.
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