I-Shortwave Antenna

A i-shortwave antenna (I-antenna ye-SW) noma i-skywave antenna iwuhlobo lwe-high frequency (HF) antenna eklanyelwe ukusebenza kuhlu lwamaza okubizwa ngokuthi ama-shortwave. Lolu hlu ngokuvamile lusuka ku-1.6 MHz luye ku-30 ​​MHz. I-antenna ye-shortwave isebenza ngokuguqula amasignali e-RF abe amasignali kagesi angakhuliswa futhi asetshenzwe yisamukeli.

 

Buka uchungechunge lwethu lwamavidiyo okwakhiwa kwe-10kW AM esizeni e-Cabanatuan, e-Philippines:

 

 

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-antenna ama-shortwave, okuhlanganisa izimpondo zocingo, izimpondo ze-dipole, izimpondo ezimile, izimpondo zeluphu, nokunye. Idizayini nokusebenza kothi ngalunye kungahluka kuye ngezinto ezinjengobude bayo, ukucushwa kwayo, nezinto ezisetshenziswa ukuyakha.

 

Ama-antenna ama-Shortwave angasetshenziselwa uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, kufaka phakathi:

 

  1. Ukusakaza: Ama-antenna ama-Shortwave avame ukusetshenziswa abasakazi bomsakazo ukuze badlulise amasignali ebangeni elide. Ngenxa yokuthi amasignali ama-shortwave angahamba amabanga amade, awusizo kakhulu ekufinyeleleni ezindaweni ezikude zomhlaba.
  2. Irediyo ye-Ateur: Ama-antenna ama-Shortwave adumile phakathi kwabaqhubi bomsakazo abayizimfundamakhwela, abawasebenzisa ukuxhumana nabanye abathanda umsakazo emhlabeni jikelele.
  3. Ukuxhumana kwezempi: Ama-antenna ama-Shortwave nawo asetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwezempi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude noma ngezikhathi eziphuthumayo.
  4. Isibikezelo sezulu: Ama-antenna ama-Shortwave asetshenziselwa ukuqoqa idatha kumabhaluni wesimo sezulu nezinye izinsimbi, ezingase zisetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza izibikezelo zesimo sezulu.
  5. Ucwaningo lwesayensi: Ama-antenna ama-Shortwave nawo asetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwesayensi, ikakhulukazi ukutadisha i-ionosphere yomhlaba kanye nenkundla kazibuthe.

 

Sekukonke, ama-antenna ama-shortwave ahlinzeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nezithembekile zokuxhumana ezindaweni ezikude. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni lapho izindlela zendabuko zokuxhumana zingase zingaphumeleli, futhi ziyaqhubeka nokuba yingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokuxhumana zesimanje.

Zingaki izinhlobo zama-shortwave antenna ezikhona?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-antenna amagagasi amafushane ezinga lezentengiso, ngalinye linezici zalo eziqondile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:

1. I-Dipole Antennas: I-antenna ye-dipole iwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwe-antenna ekusakazeni ama-shortwave kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomsakazo we-amateur. Iqukethe izakhi ezimbili ze-conductive zobude obulinganayo eziphakelwa phakathi nendawo ngomugqa wokudlulisela. I-antenna ye-dipole kulula ukuyakha futhi inikeza ukusebenza okuhle ngosayizi wayo.

2. Amaluphu Antenna: I-loop antenna iyi-conductor eyindilinga noma engunxande ephakelwa endaweni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ngobude bayo. Ama-loop antenna ayaqondisa futhi anganikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kumabanga athile amafrikhwensi.

3. Ama-Antenna e-Yagi: Izimpondo ze-Yagi, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-antennas, aqukethe into eqhutshwayo (i-dipole noma i-dipole egoqiwe) kanye nesici esisodwa noma ngaphezulu esine-parasite ehlelwe eduze kwe-boom. Ziqondise kakhulu futhi zinganikeza inzuzo ephezulu kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kumabanga athile amafrikhwensi.

4. Ama-antenna we-Log Periodic: I-antenna ye-log yezikhathi iqukethe uchungechunge lwezakhi ze-dipole zobude obukhula kancane kancane ahlelwa ngesakhiwo sokusekela. Zakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ngemvamisa ebanzi ngenzuzo efanayo futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zesayensi nezocwaningo.

5. Ama-Antenna E-Parabolic: I-antenna ye-parabolic iqukethe isitsha sokubonisa esigobile esisetshenziselwa ukugxilisa amagagasi kagesi ku-antenna encane (eyaziwa ngokuthi isiphakeli). Ziqondise kakhulu futhi zinganikeza inzuzo ephezulu kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kumabanga athile amafrikhwensi.

6. Ama-Radiators Aqondile: Lolu hlobo lwe-antenna luqukethe into eyodwa emide esekelwe phansi futhi ephakelwa ngomugqa wokudlulisela phezulu. Ama-radiator aqondile angama-omnidirectional futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziphathwayo noma eziphathwayo.

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-antenna ludizayinelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezici ezithile zokusebenza ebangeni elithile lefrikhwensi. Ukukhethwa kwe-antenna yesiteshi se-shortwave kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa indawo etholakalayo, ukumbozwa kwemvamisa oyifunayo, kanye nenzuzo edingekayo. I-antenna ivamise ukufakwa ngosizo lonjiniyela be-antenna noma ochwepheshe, abazoqinisekisa ukuthi i-antenna ifaniswe kahle nesidlulisi nokuthi ingakwazi ukuphatha ukuphuma kwamandla esiteshini.
Zingaki izinhlobo zama-shortwave antenna ezikhona?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-antenna amafushane wezinga lomthengi, ngayinye yakhelwe ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene nezici zokusebenza. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:

1. Ama-Antenna e-Whip: Ama-antenna ama-whip angama-antenna azacile, aguquguqukayo ngokuvamile atholakala kumamukeli we-shortwave ephathekayo. Ziyi-omnidirectional futhi azidingi noma yikuphi ukusekelwa kwangaphandle ukuze zisebenze. Alula ukuwahambisa futhi angasetshenziswa kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

2. Izinti Zezintambo: Izimpondo zocingo zihlanganisa ubude bezintambo eziboshelwe phakathi kwezisekelo ezimbili, njengezihlahla. Kulula ukuzakha futhi zingasebenza kahle kakhulu uma zifakwe kahle.

3. Ama-Antenna e-Loop Magnetic: Ama-antenna weluphu kazibuthe asebenzisa iluphu yocingo ezungezwe inkaba kazibuthe. Ziqondise kakhulu futhi zinganikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kumabanga athile amafrikhwensi.

4. Izinti ezime mpo: Ama-antenna aqondile aqukethe into eyodwa emide esekelwe phansi futhi yondliwa ngomugqa wokudlulisela phezulu. Ziyi-omnidirectional futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zeselula noma eziphathwayo.

5. Khipha izimpondo: Ama-antenna e-Discone ama-wideband antenna aklanyelwe ukumboza uhla olubanzi lwamaza. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zomsakazo ezisafufusa futhi zivame ukutholakala kumamukeli wezikena.

6. Izimpondo Zendiza Ephansi: Ama-antenna endiza ephansi aqukethe isici esime mpo esinamathiselwe kusethi yama-radial aphansi. Ziyi-omnidirectional kakhulu futhi zinganikeza ukusebenza okuhle ngesabelomali esilinganiselwe.

Uhlobo ngalunye lwezinga lomthengi i-antenna yegagasi elifushane luklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezici ezithile zokusebenza kububanzi obuthile bokuvama. Ukukhethwa kwe-antenna kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa indawo etholakalayo, ukumbozwa kwemvamisa oyifunayo, kanye nenzuzo edingekayo. Ama-antenna ekhasimende ngokuvamile alula ukuwafaka nokuyinakekela kunezimpondo zezentengiso futhi ngokuvamile angahlanganiswa ngumsebenzisi ngaphandle kosizo lochwepheshe.
Yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwe-antenna yegagasi elifushane lezentengiso kanye neleveli yomthengi?
Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezimpondo ezidlulisa umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni lezohwebo kanye nezimpondo ze-shortwave ezingeni labathengi:

I-1. Usayizi: Izinti ezidlulisa umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni lezohwebo zikhulu kakhulu kunomsakazo we-shortwave wezinga lomthengi owamukela izinti. Zenzelwe ukuphatha amazinga aphezulu wamandla, zidinga amasistimu aphansi amakhulu, futhi zenzelwe ukufakwa ngaphandle. Izinti ezithola umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni labathengi zihlangene futhi zenzelwe ukufakwa kwekhaya noma kweselula.

2. Ukubukeka: Ama-antenna asakaza irediyo ye-shortwave yezinga lezentengiso ngokuvamile ayimibhoshongo noma ama-arrays amakhulu avundlile anabafana nezimpondo ze-beam ezinokubukeka okuhlukile. Irediyo yezinga labathengi ye-shortwave ethola izimpondo imvamisa iyi-dipole, iluphu, noma i-whip antenna engenazo izintambo zabafana noma ezinye izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zokusekela.

3. Isisindo: Izinti ezidlulisa umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni lezohwebo zinzima kakhulu futhi zidinga i-anchoring enkulu nezakhiwo zokusekela, kuyilapho ama-antenna athola umsakazo we-shortwave wezinga lomthengi angasindi futhi angagxunyekwa ophahleni oluncane noma kumasti ama-tripod.

4. Intengo: Ama-antenna asakaza umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni lezohwebo ayabiza ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, inkimbinkimbi, nezinto zokwakha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsakazo we-shortwave wezinga labathengi owamukela izimpondo, ngokuvamile uyathengeka.

I-5. Izicelo: Izinti ezidlulisa umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni lezohwebo zisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwezwi nedatha yebanga elide. Izinti ezithola umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni labathengi zisetshenziselwa ukulalela komuntu siqu nokuxhumana futhi azinikezi ububanzi namandla adingekayo ekuxhumaneni kwezentengiso.

Ukusebenza: Ama-antenna omsakazo we-Shortwave ezohwebo aklanyelwe ukukhiqiza amazinga esignali aphezulu kakhulu kanye nokudluliselwa okuthembekile kumabanga abalulekile ngezinjongo zokuxhumana nezokusakaza. Ukusebenza komsakazo we-shortwave wezinga lomthengi owamukela izimpondo kugxile ekwamukeleni amasiginali abuthakathaka kumabanga amafushane ngezinjongo zokulalela nezokuxhumana.

7. Izakhiwo: Izimpondo ezidlulisa umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni lezentengiso ngokuvamile zimiswa emibhoshongweni emikhulu yensimbi noma ezinsikeni ezidinga ukufakwa okuchwepheshile, kuyilapho ama-antenna athola umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni labathengi adizayinelwe ukugxumeka kalula esakhiweni esincane, njengophahla noma i-tripod.

8. Imvamisa: Ama-antenna asakaza umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni lezohwebo aklanyelwe ukusebenza kumafrikhwensi athile, kungaba ukusakaza noma ukuxhumana kwephoyinti nephuzu. Izinti zomsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni labathengi ngokuvamile ziklanyelwe ukwamukela amaza amaningi.

9. Ukufakwa, ukulungisa, nokugcinwa kahle: Ukufakwa, ukulungiswa, nokugcinwa kwezimpondo ezidlulisa umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni lezohwebo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunomsakazo we-shortwave owamukelayo wezinga lomthengi, ngokuvamile odinga amathuluzi akhethekile nezingcweti ukuze zifakwe, zilungiswe, zilungiswe. Izinti zomsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni labathengi kulula ukuzifaka, futhi ukukhanda nokunakekelwa ngokuvamile kungenziwa ngumsebenzisi.

Kafushane, izimpondo ezidlulisa umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni lezohwebo zenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezichwepheshile, ezidinga amandla aphezulu nekhono lokuxhumana lebanga elide, futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuchwepheshile. Ngokuphambene, ama-antenna athola umsakazo we-shortwave ezingeni labathengi ayathengeka futhi adizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa umuntu ngokufaka kalula, ukukhanda, kanye nezidingo zokunakekela.
Ikhava ye-antenna emfushane ingaba kude kangakanani?
Ukumbozwa kwe-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiselwano kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa, kufaka phakathi ububanzi bemvamisa, ukuphuma kwamandla okuhambisa, ukuphakama nokucushwa kwe-antenna, nezimo zomoya. Ibanga lokudlulisa elisebenzayo lesiteshi se-shortwave lezentengiselwano lingahluka kakhulu kuye ngalezi zici futhi lingasukela kumamayela angamakhulu ambalwa ukuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa.

Ukumbozwa okuphezulu kwe-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiso kunqunywa iphethini yayo yemisebe, okuyisiqondiso sesignali ye-antenna. Ama-antenna amaningi ama-shortwave aklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngephethini yokumboza engaphezulu noma encane ye-omni-directional, okusho ukuthi isignali isakazwa kuzo zonke izinkomba ukusuka ku-antenna. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njengalapho usebenzisa izimpondo eziqondisayo noma endaweni enezintaba, ukusakazwa kungalinganiselwe noma kuqondiswe ngqo.

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuthuthukisa ukusakazwa kwe-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiselwano. Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile:

1. Khulisa ubude bothi: Lapho i-antenna iphakanyisiwe, yilapho isignali yayo izofinyelela khona. Ukwenyusa ukuphakama kwe-antenna kungathuthukisa ububanzi nokumbozwa kwesiginali ye-shortwave.

2. Sebenzisa isidlulisi esinamandla kakhulu: Ngokwandisa amandla okukhipha isidlulisi, amandla esignali okusakaza angakhuliswa, okuholela endaweni enkulu yokuhlanganisa.

3. Sebenzisa ishuna ethi: Ukufanisa i-impedance ye-antenna kusidlulisi kungathuthukisa ukudluliswa kwamandla, kunciphise ukulahleka kwesignali, futhi kuthuthukise ukumbozwa kwesignali.

4. Sebenzisa uthi lwekhwalithi engcono: Ukusebenzisa i-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu edizayinelwe ibanga elithile lefrikhwensi kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yesiginali kanye nendawo embozwayo.

5. Lungiselela ukucushwa kwe-antenna: Ukulungisa ukucushwa kwe-antenna ukuze kusebenze kakhulu kuncike ezintweni zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokwehlukana kwamagagasi, noma ngokulungisa izikhala zezingxenye zawo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi noma yiziphi izinguquko ezenziwe ohlelweni lwe-antenna ye-shortwave yezohwebo zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo futhi zingadinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile. Kuhlale kungcono ukuthi uxhumane nonjiniyela noma ochwepheshe bezinti ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ohlelweni lwe-shortwave lwe-antenna.
Yiziphi izicaciso ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-antenna yegagasi elifushane?
Ukucaciswa okuphathekayo kanye ne-RF kwe-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiso yizinto ezibalulekile ezinquma ukusebenza nokusebenza kwayo. Nazi ezinye zezincazelo ezijwayelekile zomzimba neze-RF ze-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiselwano:

1. Ibanga Lemvamisa: Ububanzi befrikhwensi bucacisa ububanzi bezandi i-antenna eklanyelwe ukumboza futhi idlulise. Ububanzi befrikhwensi bungaba kusuka kuma-kilohertz ambalwa kuye kuma-megahertz ambalwa.

2. Ukuphazamiseka Kokufaka: I-impedance yokufaka ye-shortwave antenna icacisa izinga lokumelana i-antenna enalo ekugelezeni kwamandla kagesi. Ama-antenna anezilinganiso eziphezulu zokuthikamezeka angase adinge ukufaniswa okwengeziwe noma ukushuna ukushuna isistimu yezinti ukuze isebenze kahle.

3. Ubukhulu bokuphatha Amandla: Isilinganiso esiphezulu sokuphatha amandla sicacisa inani lamandla oluphathwa yi-antenna ngaphandle kokulimaza izingxenye zalo. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-antenna ngaphakathi kwebanga layo lokubamba amandla elishiwo ukuvimbela ukulimala nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.

4. Iphethini Yemisebe: Iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna ichaza ukuqondiswa kwemisebe yayo kagesi. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-antenna zinamaphethini emisebe ahlukene asukela kokuqondisayo kuye kokungaqondile.

5. Ukuzuza: Ukuzuza kwe-antenna isilinganiso senani lamandla esignali alethwa othini yisidlulisi, uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lamandla azolethwa ku-antenna ye-isotropic (ekhanya ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi).

6. I-Polarization: I-antenna polarization isho ukuma kwenkundla kagesi yegagasi elikhazimulayo ngokuphathelene nendiza ephansi. Izinhlobo ezintathu ze-polarization zivundlile, ziqondile, futhi ziyindilinga.

7. Ukwakhiwa Kwempahla: Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-antenna zingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni nasekuqineni kwayo. Izinto ezijwayelekile zifaka i-aluminium, insimbi, intambo yethusi, ne-fiberglass.

8. Ukuqondisa: Ukuqondisa kubonisa isiqondiso esithandwayo semisebe eminingi yothi. Icaciswe njengomsebenzi we-azimuthal futhi ngokuvamile nama-engeli okuphakama. Uma ukuqondisa kuphezulu kuphumelela kakhulu ukusabalalisa amasignali endaweni okuqondiswe kuyo.

Lokhu kanye nokunye okucaciswayo kungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kwe-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiselwano, futhi kubalulekile ukucabangela lezi zici lapho ukhetha uthi lohlelo oluthile. Onjiniyela be-antenna abangochwepheshe noma ochwepheshe bangasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imininingwane ye-antenna ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlosiwe.
Yiziphi izakhiwo ze-antenna yegagasi elifushane?
Yiziphi izakhiwo ze-antenna ye-wave short wave?

Ngamagagasi amafushane ama-Dipole Antennas:

I-Dipole Antennas wuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwe-antenna ekusakazeni ama-shortwave kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomsakazo we-amateur. Ukwakhiwa kwabo kulula futhi kudinga izakhi ezimbili zokuhambisa zobude obulinganayo eziphakelwa phakathi nendawo ngomugqa wokudlulisela. Nazi izakhiwo zegagasi elifushane le-Dipole Antenna:

1. Iphoyinti lokuphakelayo elimaphakathi: I-Dipole Antenna idliswa esikhungweni ngomugqa wokudlulisela, okuvamise ukuba yikhebula eliqinile elinikeza amandla kagesi ukusuka kusidlulisi kuya othini.

2. Izinto zokuqhuba: Izakhi ezimbili ezisebenzayo ziwubude obubili obulinganayo bezintambo noma ezinye izinto eziphathekayo, njenge-aluminium noma ithusi, ezakha i-dipole antenna. Ubude bezinto bunqunywa ububanzi befrikhwensi yesiginali edlulisiwe futhi ukuma kwazo kuzoncika kuphethini yemisebe oyifunayo.

3. I-Balun: I-Balun ivamise ukuba isiguquli esifana nokukhinyabezeka kokuphumayo okungalingani kwentambo ye-coaxial ku-impedance yokokufaka okunokulinganisela kwezinto ze-dipole. I-Balun ingasiza futhi ekwehliseni umsindo nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe kagesi.

4. Isakhiwo sokusekela: I-Dipole Antenna ivamise ukugxunyekwa esakhiweni sokusekela, esingaba umbhoshongo wensimbi noma isigxobo sokhuni noma se-fiberglass. Isakhiwo kufanele sibe phezulu ngokwanele ukugcina uthi olukude nezihlahla, izakhiwo, nezinye izithiyo ezingase ziphazamise isignali.

5. Izintambo zokubopha kanye nezinsizwa: Ukuze usekele isakhiwo futhi usigcine uzinzile, izintambo zokubopha kanye nezinsizwa zivame ukusetshenziswa. Izintambo zensizwa ziyizintambo eziqinile eziqinisa uhlaka lwe-antenna phansi.

6. Ama-insulators: Ama-insulators asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izakhi zokuhambisa ukuthi zingathintani futhi zifinyeze i-antenna. Ama-insulators angenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene futhi angathatha izinhlobo eziningi.

I-Dipole Antenna iwumklamo we-antenna olula futhi osebenzayo osetshenziswa kakhulu ekusakazeni ama-shortwave kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomsakazo we-ateur. Kuyinketho enezindleko eziphansi ehlinzeka ngenzuzo emaphakathi ukuya phezulu kububanzi obuhlukahlukene befrikhwensi, kuye ngobude bayo. I-Dipole Antennas ingenziwa ngokwezifiso zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuma okuvundlile, okuqondile, noma okwehlelayo, futhi ingafakwa onjiniyela noma ochwepheshe be-antenna.

Ngamagagasi amafushane ama-Loop Antennas:

Ama-antenna e-loop ye-Shortwave yezentengiso ngokuvamile ahlanganisa iluphu yocingo exhunywe ku-tuning capacitor. Iluphu ingaba yindilinga, isikwele, noma umumo ongunxande, futhi ivamise ukwenziwa ngamashubhu ethusi noma nge-aluminium noma ngocingo. I-tuning capacitor isetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-resonance ye-antenna, ukuyivumela ukuthi ishuniswe kumafrikhwensi ahlukene. I-capacitor ingase ibe i-variable or fixed capacitor, futhi ngokuvamile itholakala endaweni ebiyelwe evikela isimo sezulu kanye neluphu. Amanye ama-loop antenna afaka ne-amplifier ukukhulisa amandla esignali. Yonke inhlangano ingase igxunyekwe ku-pedestal noma insika, futhi ezinye izimpondo zeluphu zezentengiselwano zingase futhi zifake i-rotator ukuvumela ukushuna kokuqondisa.

Ngamagagasi amafushane ama-Yagi Antennas:

Izimpondo ze-Yagi ze-Shortwave zezentengiselwano ngokuvamile zihlanganisa isici se-dipole esiqhutshwa isikhungo kanye nezinto ezimbalwa ze-parasitic ezihlelwe eduze kwe-boom evamile. I-elementi ye-dipole idliswa ngentambo ye-coaxial, futhi imvamisa iqondiswe ngokuhambisana ne-boom. Izakhi ze-parasitic zenziwe ngezinduku zensimbi noma amashubhu futhi zincane kune-dipole element. Ahlukaniswa ngezikhathi eziqondile eduze kwe-boom futhi axhunywe kulayini wokuphakelayo ngohlelo lwamanethiwekhi afanayo nabaqondisi. Abaqondisi babekwe phambi kwesici se-dipole futhi basebenze ukukhulisa inzuzo nokuqondisa ekuqondeni phambili. I-elementi ye-reflector itholakala ngemuva kwe-dipole futhi isiza ukukhombisa nokugxilisa isignali endleleni eya phambili. Yonke inhlangano ivamise ukugxunyekwa kunsika noma umbhoshongo futhi ingase ihlanganise i-rotor noma enye indlela yokulawula yokuqondisa. Izimpondo ze-Yagi zezentengiselwano zingase futhi zifake izici ezengeziwe ezifana nezinto ezilungisekayo zokushuna okunembe kakhudlwana, ukuvikela isimo sezulu, nezinto ezimelana nokugqwala ukuze zihlale ziqinile.

Ngama-antenna amafushane we-Log Periodic:

Ilogi ye-Shortwave ye-Shortwave Ama-antenna esikhathi esifushane ngokuvamile ahlanganisa uchungechunge lwezakhi ezishayelwa kanye nama-elementi abonisayo ahlelwa ngephethini yejiyomethri kanye ne-boom. Izakhi zenziwe ngezinti zensimbi noma amashubhu futhi ziqhubeka zinde zibheke ekugcineni kwe-boom, nento emfushane kakhulu eseduze nendawo yokuphakelayo. Ibanga eliphakathi kwama-elementi aseduze nobude be-elementi ngayinye yakhelwe ukuvumela uthi lwe-antenna ukuthi lusebenze ebangeni elibanzi lamafrikhwensi. Izakhi ngokuvamile ziphakelwa ngekhebuli ekhoaxial egijima eduze kwe-boom futhi ixhume kuma-baluns noma izihlukanisi zamandla ezihlukanisa isiginali phakathi kwezinto. Izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya zitholakala ekugcineni kwe-boom ngokuphambene nendawo yokuphakelayo futhi zisebenza ukuze zibonise futhi zigxilise isignali endleleni eya phambili. Yonke inhlangano ivamise ukugxunyekwa kunsika noma umbhoshongo futhi ingase ihlanganise i-rotor noma enye indlela yokulawula yokuqondisa. Ilogi Yezentengiselwano Ama-antenna ezikhathi ezithile angase ahlanganise izici ezengeziwe ezifana nezinto ezilungisekayo zokushuna okunembe kakhudlwana, ukuvikela isimo sezulu, nezinto ezimelana nokugqwala ukuze ukuqina okunwetshiwe.

Okwamagagasi amafushane ama-Parabolic Antennas:

Ama-antenna e-parabolic we-shortwave yezentengiso ahlanganisa isidlo esikhulu, esigobile esenziwe ngensimbi noma ingilazi ye-fiberglass emise okwe-parabola. Indawo egobile yesitsha imbozwe nge-mesh emihle noma i-refleive coating. Enkabeni yesitsha kunophondo oluncane, oluphakelayo noma i-dipole antenna exhunywe kusidlulisi noma isamukeli ngentambo ye-waveguide noma i-coaxial. Uphondo lokuphakelayo lutholakala endaweni okugxilwe kuyo yesibonisi se-parabolic futhi luklanyelwe ukuqondisa amaza omsakazo ngomugqa omncane. Ubukhulu besitsha bunquma indlela kanye nenzuzo yothi. Izitsha ezinkulu zinikeza inzuzo enkulu nokuqondisa, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuzifaka nokuyinakekela. Yonke inhlangano ivamise ukugxunyekwa kunsika noma umbhoshongo futhi ingase ihlanganise i-rotor noma enye indlela yokulawula yokuqondisa. Ama-antenna e-parabolic yezentengiso angase futhi afake izici ezengeziwe ezifana nezinto ezilungisekayo ukuze kulungiswe kahle kakhudlwana, ukuvikela isimo sezulu, nezinto ezimelana nokugqwala ukuze zihlale ziqinile.

Kumagagasi amafushane ama-Vertical Radiators:

Amaradiyetha aqondile ama-shortwave ezentengiso ngokuvamile ahlanganisa intambo eyodwa, ende, eqondile noma izintambo eziningi ezihlelwe ngomugqa oqondile. Izintambo ngokuvamile zenziwe ngethusi noma nge-aluminium futhi zingahluka kakhulu ngobude kuye ngemvamisa yokusebenza. Intambo ye-coaxial ixhunywe esisekelweni serediyetha futhi isetshenziselwa ukuphakela isiginali ethithi. Indiza yaphansi enezintambo noma izinduku ezimbalwa, noma inethiwekhi yama-radial angcwatshiwe, ingase ifakwe ngaphansi kwerediyetha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kothi. Indiza ephansi ithuthukisa iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna futhi isiza ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezakhiwo eziseduze. Yonke inhlangano ivamise ukugxunyekwa kunsika noma umbhoshongo futhi ingase ihlanganise i-rotor noma enye indlela yokulawula yokuqondisa. Amaradiyetha aqondile ezentengiso angase futhi afake izici ezengeziwe ezifana nezinto ezilungisekayo zokushuna okunembe kakhudlwana, ukuvikela isimo sezulu, nezinto ezimelana nokugqwala ukuze ukuqina okunwetshiwe.
Ingabe i-antenna yegagasi elifushane ilingana nothi lokusakaza lwe-AM futhi ngani?
Izimpondo ze-Shortwave ezentengiso azifani nezimpondo zokusakaza ze-AM, nakuba zombili izinhlobo zezimpondo zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokwamukela amasignali omsakazo kumabhendi efrikhwensi ye-longwave ne-shortwave. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-antenna ububanzi befrikhwensi yokusebenza kwazo kanye nendlela amaza omsakazo asakazwa ngayo.

Ama-antenna ama-shortwave ezentengiso aklanyelwe ukusebenza ebangeni lefrikhwensi yama-shortwave, ngokuvamile asuka cishe ku-1.8 MHz kuya ku-30 ​​MHz. Lawa ma-antenna asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuxhumana okude ngezinkulungwane zamamayela. Amaza omsakazo asetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kwamagagasi amafushane aphikiswa i-ionosphere yoMhlaba, ewavumela ukuthi ahambe amabanga amade ngaphandle kokumuncwa umkhathi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpondo zokusakaza ze-AM zenzelwe ukusebenza kububanzi befrikhwensi ye-mediumwave, imvamisa ukusuka cishe ku-540 kHz kuye ku-1600 kHz. Lawa ma-antenna asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukusakazwa kwendawo kanye nesifunda. Ngokungafani namaza omsakazo we-shortwave, aphikiswa yi-ionosphere, amaza omsakazo okusakaza we-AM angamagagasi aphansi asakazeka phezu komhlaba. Ama-antenna okusakaza e-AM ngokuvamile mafishane kakhulu kunezimpondo ze-shortwave futhi aklanyelwe ukukhipha isignali kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, kunokuba aqonde kakhulu njengezimpondo ze-shortwave.

Ngakho-ke nakuba kungase kube khona ukufana okuthile ekwakhiweni komzimba kwalezi zimpondo, azilingani ngokokusetshenziswa kwazo okuhlosiwe, ububanzi befrikhwensi yokusebenza, nezici zokusakaza.
Yini equkethe uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna yegagasi elifushane?
Uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiselwano ngokuvamile luhlanganisa imishini elandelayo:

1. Isakhiwo se-antenna - Umbhoshongo, insika, noma isakhiwo esisekela uthingo.

2. I-Antenna - Ngokuya ngebanga lemvamisa oyifunayo, kungaba iluphu, i-Yagi, i-Log Periodic, noma i-antenna ye-Parabolic.

3. Ulayini wokudlulisela - Intambo ye-coaxial noma ye-waveguide yokuthwala isignali yefrikhwensi yomsakazo isuka kusithumeli iye othini.

4. Amabhaluni - I-balun (i-transformer engalingani-i-balanced-unbalanced) isetshenziselwa ukufanisa i-impedance (ukumelana nokugeleza kwamandla kagesi) komugqa wokudlulisa ukuya ekubambeni kwe-antenna.

5. Ukuvikelwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-feedline - Ukuvikela ulayini wokudlulisela ekukhuphukeni kwamandla kagesi okungabangelwa ukuma, umbani, noma eminye imithombo.

6. Imishini yokushuna - Kubandakanya ishuna, isikhethi sangaphambili, noma isihlungi sokulungisa ukuzwakala kwe-antenna kanye nokunciphisa iziphazamiso ezivela kwezinye iziteshi.

7. Izikhulisamandla zamandla - Isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa isignali yefrikhwensi yomsakazo wezinga eliphansi isuka kusidlulisi iye ezingeni elidingekayo kuthi.

8. I-Transmitter - Imishini ekhiqiza futhi ekhulisa isignali yefrikhwensi yomsakazo.

9. Isilawuli - Ukuqapha nokulawula ukusebenza kwe-antenna ne-transmitter.

10. Imishini yokugawula - Ukuhlinzeka ngendlela ephephile nesebenzayo yomhlabathi yohlelo lwe-antenna ukuze luvikeleke emonakalweni obangelwa ukukhishwa okumile kanye nokushaywa kombani.

11. Imishini yokuqapha i-antenna - Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kanye nezinkinga zesignali yokuxazulula inkinga.

12. Imishini yokuhlola - Kubandakanya imitha ye-SWR, imitha yamandla, i-spectrum analyzer, nezinye izinto zokuhlola zokulinganisa nokuhlola izici zohlelo lwe-antenna.

13. Imishini yokulawula kude - Ukuze uthole isilawuli kude sohlelo kusuka endaweni eyihlane.

Sekukonke, imishini okuyiyonayona edingekayo yohlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna ye-shortwave izoncika ezidingweni ezithile zesiteshi kanye nobubanzi befrikhwensi oyifunayo. Uhlelo lungacushwa ngezindlela ezehlukene kuye ngezidingo nezimo zokufakwa.
Yimuphi umehluko phakathi kohlobo lokudlulisela nokwamukela lwe-antenna yegagasi elifushane?
Kunomehluko omningi phakathi kwama-antenna omsakazo we-shortwave wentengiso nokwamukela izinti:

I-1. Usayizi: Ama-antenna ngokuvamile amakhulu ngosayizi uma kuqhathaniswa nokwamukela izinti. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi badinga ukukhiqiza futhi bakhiphe inani eliphakeme lamandla kagesi ukuze basakaze isignali ebangeni elide.

2. Ukubukeka: Ama-antenna angase abonakale kakhudlwana ngenxa yobukhulu nobude bawo obukhulu. Ama-antenna avame ukuba mancane futhi angafihlwa noma afihlwe njengengxenye yesakhiwo noma isakhiwo.

3. Isisindo: Ama-antenna ngokuvamile asindayo ngenxa yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ukumelana nemithwalo ephezulu yomoya, ukunqwabelana kweqhwa neqhwa, nokuvikela umbani. Ama-antenna alula kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile enziwa ngezinto ezifana nocingo noma i-aluminium engasindi.

4. Intengo: Ama-antenna ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokwamukela izimpondo ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, ubunkimbinkimbi, nezinto zokwakha.

I-5. Izicelo: Ama-antenna adlulisayo asetshenziselwa ukusakaza, ezokuxhumana, kanye nokuxhumana okuphuthumayo. Ama-antenna asetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukusakazwa komsakazo, ukulalela kwe-hobbyist, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuthola amasignali kuyinhloso eyinhloko.

Ukusebenza: Ama-antenna adlulisa amandla aphezulu, okubavumela ukuthi badlulise amasignali ebangeni elide. Ukwamukela ama-antenna anokuzwela okuphezulu, okubavumela ukuthi bathathe amasignali abuthakathaka akude.

7. Izakhiwo: Ama-antenna angafakwa emibhoshongweni, ezigxotsheni, noma kwezinye izakhiwo eziklanyelwe ukusekela isisindo sazo futhi zimelane nemithwalo ephezulu yomoya. Ama-antenna angafakwa ezakhiweni ezihlukahlukene, njengezakhiwo, izihlahla, noma amasethi aphathekayo.

8. Imvamisa: Ama-antenna aklanyelwe ukudlulisa amasignali kumafrikhwensi athile abekelwe izinsiza zokusakaza noma zokuxhumana. Ama-antenna aklanyelwe ukwamukela amasignali kuhlu lwamafrikhwensi.

9. Ukufakwa, ukulungisa, nokugcinwa kahle: Ukufakwa kwezinti zokudlulisa kubanzi kakhulu, kuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa, izimvume, umsebenzi kagesi, nokuhlola okuhlukahlukene. Ukunakekela kuhilela imisebenzi enobungozi obuphezulu njengokuqwala imibhoshongo, umsebenzi kagesi, nezinqubo zokuphepha zamagagasi omsakazo. Ama-antenna atholayo awabandakanyeki kancane kulezi zindawo futhi angafakwa, alungiswe, futhi anakekelwe umsebenzisi.

Sekukonke, ama-antenna amakhulu kakhulu, asindayo, futhi ayabiza kakhulu kunokwamukela izinti. Zenzelwe ukudlulisa amasignali ezindaweni ezikude zokusakaza, ezokuxhumana, kanye nezokuxhumana eziphuthumayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwamukela izinti kuncane, kulula, futhi kuyathengeka, okusetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukusakazwa komsakazo, ukulalela kwe-hobbyist, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuthola amasignali kuwumgomo oyinhloko.
Kungani i-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu yegagasi elifushane ibalulekile esiteshini somsakazo esifushane?
I-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu yokuthengisa i-shortwave ibalulekile esiteshini somsakazo we-shortwave esithengisayo ngoba iyindlela eyinhloko yokusabalalisa amasignali omsakazo ebangeni elide. Izinga le-antenna yerediyo lithinta amandla esiginali, ububanzi, nokucaca kwesiteshi, okuba nomthelela ngqo empumelelweni yesiteshi.

Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani i-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-shortwave ibalulekile esiteshini somsakazo esifushane sokuhweba:

1. Amandla esignali: I-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu iklanyelwe ukudlulisa kahle noma ukwamukela amasignali omsakazo, okuholela esignali enamandla. Ngaphandle kophawu oluqinile, abalaleli balo msakazo bazoncipha kwazise isitshengiselo ngeke sizwakale kahle kubalaleli.

2. Ibanga: Izinti ezisezingeni eliphezulu zenzelwe ukusabalalisa amasignali omsakazo amabanga amade. I-antenna enhle ingafinyelela amabanga akude ngaphandle kwesidingo samandla e-transmitter engeziwe okungaholela ekwenyukeni kwezindleko nobunzima bokulawula, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhulisa ububanzi obuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu.

3. Ukucaca: I-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu inganciphisa ukuhlanekezela kwesignali, umsindo, nezinye izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka ezithinta ukucaca kwesiginali. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi lokulalela kwezilaleli. Esiteshini somsakazo, ukucaciseleka kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni izethameli nokwakha isithunzi.

4. Ukusebenza kwezindleko: I-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu ingonga izindleko ngokunciphisa isidingo samandla engeziwe, angadla ugesi omningi futhi abangele izinkinga zokulawula. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezidingwa isiteshi somsakazo, izindleko zothi lwekhwalithi ephezulu zivame ukuba phansi.

Sengiphetha, i-antenna yekhwalithi ephezulu yokuthengisa i-shortwave iyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yisiphi isiteshi somsakazo esithengisayo. Ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni amandla esiginali afanele, ububanzi, nokucaca, okubalulekile empumelelweni yesiteshi. Ukutshala imali ku-antenna yekhwalithi kuwukutshalwa kwezimali okuhlakaniphile esiteshini somsakazo, njengoba kungathuthukisa ulwazi lokulalela kwababukeli futhi kunciphise izindleko zokusebenza.
Ungakhetha kanjani i-antenna emfushane engcono kakhulu?
1. Ibanga lefrikhwensi elilindelwe: Ububanzi befrikhwensi ye-antenna ye-shortwave yezohwebo kufanele ihambisane nebanga lefrikhwensi yesidluliseli sesiteshi somsakazo. Ama-antenna ama-shortwave ahlukene anezigaba ezihlukene zamafrikhwensi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha uthi olufaka ububanzi bamafrikhwensi ohlose ukuwadlulisela noma ukuwamukela. Amanye ama-antenna angaba nomkhawulokudonsa omncane, kanti amanye angakwazi ukumboza ububanzi befrikhwensi.

2. Amandla okuphatha: Amandla okubamba amandla we-antenna kufanele akwazi ukuphatha amandla okukhiphayo wesidluliseli. Uma isidlulisi sinamandla aphumayo aphezulu, khetha uthi olunesilinganiso sokuphatha samandla aphezulu ukuze sifane.

3. Amaphethini emisebe: Iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna inquma isiqondiso lapho imisebe yesignali iqine kakhulu. Lapho ukhetha uthi, cabangela indawo efiselekayo yokukhava kanye nendlela yokudlulisa isignali yesiteshi somsakazo. Esiteshini somsakazo we-shortwave esithengisayo, i-antenna eqondisayo enephethini yemisebe emincane ifaneleka kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla esignali angcono nokucaca. Khetha uthi olunephethini yemisebe ehambisana nezidingo zakho zokumboza. Amanye ama-antenna akhiqiza iphethini ye-omni-directional, kuyilapho amanye akhiqiza amaphethini aqondisayo noma izindawo zokumboza eziqondiswe ezindaweni ezinqunywe kusengaphambili.

4. Ukusebenza kahle: Khetha i-antenna esebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amandla okukhipha isidlulisi asakazwa kahle njengamagagasi kagesi.

5. Ukuzuza kwe-antenna nokuqondisa: Ukuzuza kwe-antenna isilinganiso sokuthi uthi lungadlulisa noma lwamukele kahle kangakanani isignali. I-Directivity inquma ukuthi uthi i-antenna ithumela noma ithola ngakuphi isignali yayo ephezulu. Ukukhetha i-antenna enenzuzo ephezulu kanye nokuqondisa kusiza ukukhulisa amandla esignali nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka.

I-6. Usayizi: Usayizi we-antenna kufanele ulingane nobude begagasi besignali yomsakazo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.

7. Ukuqina: Ama-antenna ama-Shortwave achayeka esimweni sezulu esibi futhi kufanele amelane nomoya onamandla, iziphepho, nokukhanya kwelanga. Khetha uthi olunokuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqwala.

8. Izindleko: Izindleko ze-antenna ziyisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe. Cwaninga futhi uhlole amamodeli ahlukene nemikhiqizo ukuze uthole inketho engcono kakhulu engena ngaphakathi kwesabelomali sesiteshi.

9. Ubude be-antenna: Ukuphakama kwe-antenna kubalulekile ekudluliseleni isignali efanele, ikakhulukazi ekumbozeni ibanga elide. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-antenna kubangela indawo enkulu yokumboza. Izimpondo ezinde ngokuvamile zinikeza ukumbozwa okungcono nobubanzi. I-antenna kufanele ifakwe phezulu ngaphezu komhlabathi ngangokunokwenzeka.

10. Umbhoshongo kanye nesakhiwo sokusekela: Umbhoshongo we-antenna nezakhiwo ezisekelayo kufanele zibe nobude obanele, amandla, nokuzinza ukuze zisekele uthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo olusezingeni eliphezulu lokumisa phansi luyadingeka ukuze kusebenze kahle nokuphepha.

11. Umugqa wempendulo: Ulayini wokuphakelayo, noma ikhebuli exhuma uthi ku-transmitter, idlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliseni isignali ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukulahlekelwa okuncane. Uhlobo nekhwalithi yolayini wokuphakelayo kungathinta amandla esignali nekhwalithi.

12. Ukushuna nokunakekela: Qinisekisa ukuthi isistimu ye-antenna ishunwe kahle futhi igcinwa ukuze isebenze kahle.
Yiziphi izitifiketi ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lwe-antenna emfushane?
Izidingo ezithile zokulawula kanye nenqubo yesitifiketi yokusetha isistimu ye-antenna ye-shortwave yezohwebo esiteshini se-shortwave yezentengiso iyahlukahluka ngezwe noma isifunda. Nokho, kungase kube nenani lezitifiketi nezimvume ongase udinge ukuzithola ngaphambi kokufaka nokusebenzisa isistimu ye-antenna ye-shortwave, okuhlanganisa:

1. Ilayisensi Yokusakaza Ngomsakazo: Emazweni amaningi, uzodinga ukuthola ilayisense yokusebenzisa isiteshi se-shortwave yezentengiselwano kuziphathimandla zendawo ezilawulayo. Ukuze uthole le layisense, ungase udinge ukuthobela uhla lwezidingo zobuchwepheshe, zezimali nezokulawula.

2. Isitifiketi Sokwabiwa Kwemvamisa: Kuya ngebhendi yakho yefrikhwensi kanye nezwe noma isifunda ohlose ukusebenza kuso, ungase udinge isitifiketi sokwabiwa kwamafrikhwensi noma ilayisense yokusebenzisa i-spectrum ukuze usebenzise isiteshi somsakazo esithengisa i-shortwave.

3. Izimvume Zokwakha Nokuhlela: Ungase udinge ukuthola izimvume kuziphathimandla zendawo ukuze wakhe noma ufake indawo yokudlulisela noma i-antenna.

4. Ukuhlolwa Komthelela Emvelweni: Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi wenze ukuhlola komthelela kwezemvelo ngaphambi kokufaka isistimu ye-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiso.

5. Isitifiketi Sobuchwepheshe: Ungase udinge ukuthola isitifiketi sobuchwepheshe kwabasemagunyeni abanekhono sokuthi uhlelo lwakho lwe-antenna luhlangabezana namazinga obuchwepheshe adingekayo wamazwe ngamazwe okusakazwa komsakazo we-shortwave.

6. Izitifiketi Zokuphepha: Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uthole izitifiketi zokuphepha zohlelo lwakho lwe-antenna ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi luhambisana nemithetho yendawo kanye namazinga okuphepha.

Kubalulekile ukuthintana neziphathimandla zendawo yangakini kanye nochwepheshe bemboni ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakha uhlelo lwe-antenna ye-shortwave yesiteshi sokuhweba i-shortwave ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uthobela zonke izidingo zomthetho ezifanele kanye namazinga okuphepha.
Ithini inqubo egcwele yothi lwe-shortwave kusuka ekukhiqizeni kuya ekufakweni?
Nali uhlaka olujwayelekile lwenqubo yokukhiqiza nokufaka i-antenna ye-shortwave yokuhweba esiteshini se-shortwave yezentengiso, nakuba imininingwane ethile ingase yehluke kuye ngezidingo zomkhiqizi nephrojekthi:

1. Idizayini: Umkhiqizi wezinti uzosebenzisana nekhasimende ukudizayina isistimu ye-antenna ehlangabezana namandla esiteshi, imvamisa, iphethini yemisebe, kanye nezidingo zokumbozwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlaziya indawo ezungezile, izimila, nezinye izici ezingase zithinte isignali yomsakazo.

2. Ukukhiqiza: I-antenna ikhiqizwa ngokuya ngemininingwane yokuklama. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukwakha izakhi ze-antenna, izibonisi, nezakhiwo zokusekela, nokuzimboza ngezinto ezivikelayo ukuze zimelane nezakhi nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.

I-3. Ikhwalithi yokulawula: I-antenna iyahlolwa futhi ihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo zobuchwepheshe kanye namazinga ekhwalithi. Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza uhla lokuhlola ukuze kuqinisekiswe iphethini yemisebe, impendulo yemvamisa, ukufanisa i-impedance, nezinye izinkomba zokusebenza.

4. Ukuthumela: I-antenna ithunyelwa kusayithi yekhasimende, ngokuvamile ngezigaba ukuze kube lula ukuhamba.

5. Ukuhlanganisa nokufaka: I-antenna iyahlanganiswa futhi ifakwe esiteshini se-commercial shortwave, umsebenzi onemininingwane futhi okhethekile odinga ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphakamisela i-antenna endaweni yayo eqokiwe, bese inamathisela esakhiweni sayo sokusekela noma umbhoshongo. I-feedline, isistimu yaphansi, nezinye izesekeli nazo zifakiwe futhi zixhunywe othini.

6. Ukushuna nokuhlola: I-antenna efakiwe iyashunwa futhi ihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isebenza kahle. Le nqubo ibandakanya ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kokuqapha nokuhlola ukukala ukusebenza kwe-antenna, okuhlanganisa iphethini yemisebe, i-impedance, namandla esignali.

7. Ukugunyazwa: Uma i-antenna isishuniwe futhi yahlolwa, ingagunyazwa ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukuthengisa.

Ukuhlanganisa nokufaka uhlelo lwe-antenna ye-shortwave kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile kanye nemishini. Kubalulekile ukusebenza nochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kuyo yonke inqubo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-antenna ihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zokulawula futhi isebenza kahle.
Uyigcina kanjani kahle i-antenna yegagasi elifushane?
Ukugcina i-antenna ye-shortwave yokuhweba ukuze isebenze kahle, kubalulekile ukulandela lezi zinyathelo eziyisisekelo:

1. Ukuhlola Okuvamile - Hlola uthi ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokulimala noma ukuguga, ubheka isisekelo sesakhiwo esigibelekayo, ikakhulukazi ukuhamba kwayo nokuzinza. Hlola ukumelana nogesi wesistimu ephansi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ixhumeke kahle.

2. Hlanza Njalo - Njengoba kudingeka, hlanza uthi kanye nazo zonke izingxenye zalo, njengomugqa wokuphakelayo nombhoshongo, ngebhulashi elinamabristle athambile namanzi. Ungawasebenzisi amawasha anengcindezi ephezulu noma izihlanzi ezilumayo ezingase zilimaze i-coating noma impahla yothi.

3. Lungisa Izingozi - Lungisa noma yimuphi umonakalo othini ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele ukugqwala nokuwohloka okwengeziwe.

I-4. Thuthukisa - Gcina unolwazi lwakamuva ngentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezibuyekezo zemithetho ukuze ugcine okokusebenza kwakho nezindlela zokuzilungisa zisezingeni.

5. Ukuhlola Okuvamile - Yenza izivivinyo ezivamile ze-antenna ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi isebenza kahle futhi isahlangabezana nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe edingekayo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenzisa okokusebenza okukhethekile ukuhlola iphethini yemisebe, i-impedance, namandla esiginali yothi.

6. Gcina Isisekelo Esikahle - Uhlelo oluphansi luyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwezimpondo, oluqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwezinto zokusebenza nabantu ekukhishweni kukagesi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugcina isisekelo esifanele ngaso sonke isikhathi.

7. Ukugcotshwa Okufanelekile - Gcina izingxenye ezihambayo, njengezinsimbi, izixhumi, namahinge, zigcotshwe ngamafutha angasebenzisi ukuvikela ukunamathela, ukugqwala, noma ukubamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngokulandela le mihlahlandlela, ungagcina isistimu ye-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiselwano ukuze isebenze kahle futhi ithembeke. Ungangabazi ukubandakanya usizo lochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe ukuze babhekane nezinkinga zokunakekela eziyinkimbinkimbi noma uqinisekise ukuthi uthobelana nanoma yiziphi izimfuneko zokulawula.
Ululungisa kanjani uthi lwegagasi olufushane uma lwehluleka ukusebenza?
Ukulungisa i-antenna ye-shortwave yokuhweba kungaba inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ulwazi olukhethekile kanye nemishini. Uma isistimu yakho ye-antenna ye-shortwave yokuhweba ihluleka ukusebenza, nazi ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze unqume inkinga:

1. Qoqa ulwazi - Ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukulungiswa, qoqa ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uthole umsuka wenkinga. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukubuyekeza imiphumela yokuhlolwa, amarekhodi okulungisa/amalogu, amarekhodi esimo sezulu sasendaweni, neminye imithombo yedatha efanele.

2. Ukuhlola - Uma imbangela yokwehluleka ingabonakali ngokushesha, hlola ngokucophelela uthi nempahla ehlobene ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokulimala, ukugqwala, noma ukuguga. Hlola amakhebuli aphansi kanye nengqalasizinda ehlobene ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi awonakele.

3. Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga - Sebenzisa okokusebenza okukhethekile kokuhlola ukuze uqhubeke uhlole noma yiziphi izinkinga, okuhlanganisa abahlaziyi bezinti, amamitha ayisisekelo, ama-probe, namanye amathuluzi ukuhlola izingxenye ngazinye zohlelo lwe-antenna.

4. Thola imbangela yezinkinga - Uma inkinga isitholakele, thola umthombo we(izi)nkinga. Lungisa noma shintsha noma yiziphi izingxenye ezinephutha noma ezihlulekayo, okuhlanganisa ama-elementi e-antenna alimele, ulayini wokuphakelayo, noma izixhumi.

5. Ukuhlolwa kabusha nokulungiswa - Uma sekulungisiwe, hlola uthi futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lusebenza kahle. Lungisa ukushuna ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna.

6. Izici zemvelo - Cabangela indawo ezungeze uthi bese ukhomba noma yiziphi izici okungenzeka zibe nomthelela ekuhlulekeni kothi. Buyekeza noma yiziphi izindlela zokuvikela emimoyeni ephezulu noma imvula enkulu noma umswakama ngokucabanga ngokufaka ukuvikela okwengeziwe kwesisetshenziswa.

Kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ulungisa kanjani, futhi uhlale uthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele lapho usebenza ohlelweni lwe-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiselwano. Ukugcinwa njalo nokuhlolwa kohlelo lwakho lwe-antenna kungavimbela lezi zinkinga.
Yiziphi izimfanelo zikanjiniyela ezidingekayo ekwakhiweni kwesistimu ye-antenna emfushane?
Iziqu ezithile ezidingekayo ukuze umise uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna ye-shortwave yesiteshi sokuhweba i-shortwave zizoncika emithethweni nasezimfuneko zezwe lakho. Ngokuvamile, ungase udinge ukuhlangabezana nemibandela ethile yobuchwepheshe neyokulawula ukuze uthole izimvume ezidingekayo namalayisense okusebenzisa isiteshi se-shortwave esithengisayo kanye nohlelo lwaso lwe-antenna. Iziqu ezithile ezingadingeka zihlanganisa:

1. Imfundo Yezobuchwepheshe: Idigri noma idiploma ku-electronics, telecommunications, electronic engineering, noma inkambu ehlobene inganikeza isizinda sobuchwepheshe esidingekayo ukuze udizayine, ufake, futhi usebenzise isistimu ye-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiso.

2. Isitifiketi Ekusakazweni Nezokuxhumana: Izinhlelo zokunikeza izitifiketi zobungcweti kwezokusakaza nokuxhumana ngezingcingo zinganikeza ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile nesitifiketi emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bokusakazwa komsakazo, okuhlanganisa ukuklama kwe-antenna, ukufakwa, nokugcinwa.

3. Ilayisensi: Ukuze usebenzise isiteshi se-shortwave esithengisayo emazweni amaningi, uzodinga ukuthola ilayisense yokusakaza kuziphathimandla ezifanele zokulawula. Le layisensi ingase idinge ukuqeqeshwa okuthile noma izidingo zemfundo.

4. Ulwazi Lwemboni: Isipiliyoni sokusebenza kwezokusakaza, ezokuxhumana, noma emkhakheni ohlobene nawo singabaluleka ekuqondeni izinselelo zobuchwepheshe, zokulawula, nezokusebenza zokusetha uhlelo lwe-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiso.

5. Ungoti Wezomthetho: Ukujwayelana nemithetho yendawo, imithetho, kanye namazinga kubalulekile ukuze uqonde izidingo zomthetho nezokulawula zokusetha uhlelo lwe-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiselwano.

Kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe kulo mkhakha kanye neziphathimandla ezifanele zokulawula ukuze uthole imihlahlandlela yokuthi ungaqhubeka kanjani nokuhlela nokwakha uhlelo lwe-antenna ye-shortwave yezentengiselwano. Ungase futhi udinge ukusebenzisana nosonkontileka abakhethekile kanye nochwepheshe besevisi abakwazi ukuphatha izici ezithile zephrojekthi, njengokwakhiwa kombhoshongo, ukufakwa kwesistimu ephansi, noma ukufakwa kwemishini ukuze uqinisekise umphumela wephrojekthi oyimpumelelo.
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