Izixhumanisi ze-STL

Isixhumanisi se-studio-to-transmitter (STL) siyisixhumanisi sokuxhumana esixhuma isitudiyo somsakazo noma isiteshi sikamabonakude endaweni yaso yokusakaza ngokuvamile etholakala kude. Injongo eyinhloko ye-STL ukuthutha okulalelwayo nenye idatha isuka estudiyo iye kumthumeli.

Igama elithi “studio to transmitter link” (STL) livamise ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kulo lonke uhlelo olusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasiginali alalelwayo ukusuka estudiyo kuya endaweni yokudlulisela. Ngamanye amazwi, isistimu ye-STL ihlanganisa yonke into kusukela ezintweni ezilalelwayo ezisetshenziswa ku-studio, izinto zokudlulisela, kuya ku-hardware nesofthiwe esetshenziselwa ukuphatha isixhumanisi phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili. Uhlelo lwe-STL lwenzelwe ukugcina ukuxhumana okuzinzile nokuthembekile phakathi kwestudiyo nesidlulisi, kugcinwe ikhwalithi yomsindo ephezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokudlulisa. Sekukonke, ngenkathi igama elithi "STL" libhekise ngqo kusixhumanisi phakathi kwestudiyo nendawo yokuhambisa, igama elithi "STL system" lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza konke ukusetha okudingekayo ukwenza leso sixhumanisi sisebenze ngempumelelo.

I-STL ingasetshenziswa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuningi obufana nezixhumanisi ze-analog microwave, izixhumanisi zama-microwave edijithali, noma izixhumanisi zesathelayithi. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-STL luqukethe isidlulisi namayunithi owamukelayo. Iyunithi yokudlulisela itholakala endaweni yesitudiyo, kuyilapho iyunithi yokwamukela itholakala endaweni yokuthumela. Iyunithi yokudlulisela ilungisa umsindo noma enye idatha kusignali yenkampani yenethiwekhi edluliswa ngesixhumanisi esiya kuyunithi yomamukeli, eyehlisa isignali futhi iyiphakele kumthumeli.

Isixhumanisi se-studio-to-transmitter (STL) saziwa nangokuthi:

Isixhumanisi se-Studio-to-sender
Isixhumanisi sokuya esiteshini
Uxhumano lwe-Studio-to-transmitter
Indlela ye-Studio-to-transmitter
Isixhumanisi se-studio-transmitter remote control (STRC).
Isixhumanisi se-Studio-to-transmitter relay (STR).
Isixhumanisi se-studio-transmitter microwave (STL-M)
Isixhumanisi somsindo we-Studio-to-transmitter (STAL)
Isixhumanisi se-Studio
Isilawuli kude se-Studio.

I-STL isetshenziselwa ukusakaza izinhlelo ezibukhoma noma okuqukethwe okurekhodwe kusengaphambili kusuka ku-studio kuya kusayithi lomthumeli. Lokhu ngokuvamile kubandakanya izinhlelo zezindaba, umculo, izinhlelo zezingxoxo, nolunye uhlelo olusuka estudiyo. I-STL iphinde ivumele isiteshi ukuthi silawule ukude isidluliseli, siqaphe isimo saso, futhi silungise isiginali uma kudingeka.

Izinhlelo ze-Studio to Transmitter Link (STL) zisetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezehlukene zeziteshi zomsakazo nomabonakude.

Ekusakazweni komsakazo, amasistimu e-STL ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasiginali alalelwayo asuka esitudiyo aye endaweni yomthumeli. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ku-FM, AM, naseziteshini zomsakazo ze-shortwave. Eziteshini zomsakazo we-FM, isistimu ye-STL isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa isignali yomsindo yekhwalithi ephezulu isuka estudiyo iye endaweni yokusakaza ngebanga elide.

Ekusakazweni kukamabonakude, amasistimu e-STL ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasiginali alalelwayo nawevidiyo asuka esitudiyo aye endaweni yomthumeli. Izinhlelo ze-STL zibaluleke kakhulu ekusakazweni kwedijithali, lapho amasignali evidiyo ekhwalithi ephezulu adinga umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kanye nokudluliswa kwe-latency ephansi.

Ngokuvamile, amasistimu e-STL asetshenziswa eziteshini zokusakaza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izimpawu zomsindo nevidiyo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zidluliselwa kusuka ku-studio kuya endaweni yokusakaza. Zibaluleke kakhulu ezimweni lapho ibanga phakathi kwe-studio kanye nesayithi lokuhambisa lilikhulu, lidinga uhlelo lokudlulisela oluthembekile nolusebenzayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhwalithi yesiginali iyagcinwa.

Kafushane, i-STL iyingxenye ebalulekile yomsakazo noma isistimu yokusakaza kamabonakude. Ihlinzeka ngezindlela ezinokwethenjelwa zokudlulisa umsindo nenye idatha isuka estudiyo iye endaweni yokusakaza, okuvumela isiteshi ukuthi sisakaze izinhlelo zaso kubalaleli baso noma ababukeli."

I-FMUSER ADSTL Iphakheji Yesixhumanisi Esihamba Phambili SeDigital Studio Transmitter Iyathengiswa

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I-FMUSER ADSTL, eyaziwa nangokuthi isixhumanisi somsakazo westudiyo somsakazo, isixhumanisi sokudlulisa isitudiyo nge-IP, noma isixhumanisi sokusakaza estudiyo, iyisixazululo esiphelele esivela ku-FMUSER esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amabanga amade (kufika ku-60 km mayelana namamayela angu-37) womsindo nevidiyo ethembekile. phakathi kwestudiyo sokusakaza kanye nombhoshongo we-antenna yomsakazo.
I-FMUSER 4 Point Ithunyelwe ku-1 Station 5.8G Digital HD Video STL Transmitter Link DSTL-10-4 HDMI-4P1S

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Uchungechunge lwesixhumanisi lwe-FMUSER 5.8GHz luwuhlelo oluphelele lwamaphuzu amaningi kuya esiteshini se-STL sedijithali (Isitudiyo siye ku-Transmitter Link) salabo abadinga ukudlulisa ividiyo nomsindo usuka endaweni enezindawo eziningi ukuya esiteshini. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa emkhakheni wokuqapha ezokuphepha, ukudluliswa kwevidiyo, njll. Isixhumanisi siqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomsindo nevidiyo emangalisayo - i-punch nokucaca. Uhlelo lungaxhunywa kulayini we-AC ongu-110/220V. Isifaki khodi sifakwe okokufaka komsindo we-stereo yendlela engu-1 noma okokufaka kwevidiyo ye-HDMI/SDI yendlela engu-1 nge-1080i/p 720p. I-STL inikezela ngebanga elingafika ku-10km kuye ngendawo ekuyo (egaltitude) nokubonakala kokubona.
I-FMUSER 5.8G Digital HD Video STL DSTL-10-1 AV HDMI Iphoyinti le-IP elingenantambo ukuya kusixhumanisi sephoyinti

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Uchungechunge lwesixhumanisi lwe-FMUSER 5.8GHz luwuhlelo oluphelele lwedijithali lwe-STL (Isitudiyo siye ku-Transmitter Link) salabo abadinga ukudlulisa ividiyo nomsindo kusuka ku-studio kuya kusidlulisi esitholakala ukude (imvamisa phezulu kwentaba). Isixhumanisi siqinisekisa ikhwalithi emangalisayo yomsindo nevidiyo - i-punch nokucaca. Uhlelo lungaxhunywa kulayini we-AC ongu-110/220V. Isifaki khodi sifakwe okokufaka komsindo we-stereo yendlela engu-1 noma okokufaka kwevidiyo ye-HDMI/SDI yendlela engu-1 nge-1080i/p 720p. I-STL inikezela ngebanga elingafika ku-10km kuye ngendawo ekuyo (egaltitude) nokubonakala kokubona.
I-FMUSER 5.8G Digital HD Video STL DSTL-10-4 AV-CVBS Iphoyinti le-IP elingenantambo ukuya kusixhumanisi

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Uchungechunge lwesixhumanisi lwe-FMUSER 5.8GHz luwuhlelo oluphelele lwedijithali lwe-STL (I-Studio to Transmitter Link) lwalabo abadinga ukudlulisa ividiyo nomsindo kusuka ku-studio kuya kusidlulisi esitholakala ukude (imvamisa phezulu kwentaba). Isixhumanisi siqinisekisa ikhwalithi emangalisayo yomsindo nevidiyo - i-punch nokucaca. Uhlelo lungaxhunywa kulayini we-AC ongu-110/220V. Isishumeki sifakwe okokufaka okulalelwayo okufika koku-4 kwesitiriyo noma okokufaka kwevidiyo okungu-4 AV / CVBS. I-STL inikeza kufika ku-10km kuye ngendawo (egaltitude) nokubonakala kokubona.
I-FMUSER 5.8G Digital HD Video STL Transmitter Link DSTL-10-4 AES-EBU Iphoyinti le-IP elingenantambo ukuya kusixhumanisi

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Uchungechunge lwesixhumanisi lwe-FMUSER 5.8GHz luwuhlelo oluphelele lwedijithali lwe-STL (Isitudiyo siye ku-Transmitter Link) salabo abadinga ukudlulisa umsindo usuka esitudiyo uye kumthumeli otholakala ukude (imvamisa intaba phezulu). Isixhumanisi siqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomsindo nevidiyo emangalisayo - ukugqama nokucaca. Uhlelo lungaxhunywa kulayini we-AC ongu-110/220V. Isifaki khodi sifakwe okokufaka okulalelwayo okufika koku-4 kwe-stereo AES/EBU. I-STL inikeza kufika ku-10km kuye ngendawo (egaltitude) nokubonakala kokubona.
I-FMUSER 5.8G Digital HD Video STL DSTL-10-4 HDMI Iphoyinti le-IP elingenantambo kusixhumanisi sephoyinti

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Uchungechunge lwesixhumanisi lwe-FMUSER 5.8GHz luwuhlelo oluphelele lwedijithali lwe-STL (I-Studio to Transmitter Link) lwalabo abadinga ukudlulisa ividiyo nomsindo kusuka ku-studio kuya kusidlulisi esitholakala ukude (imvamisa phezulu kwentaba). Isixhumanisi siqinisekisa ikhwalithi emangalisayo yomsindo nevidiyo - i-punch nokucaca. Uhlelo lungaxhunywa kulayini we-AC ongu-110/220V. Isishumeki sifakwe okokufaka okulalelwayo okufika koku-4 kwesitiriyo noma okokufaka kwevidiyo ye-HDMI engu-4 ne-1080i/p 720p. I-STL inikeza kufika ku-10km kuye ngendawo (egaltitude) nokubonakala kokubona.
I-FMUSER 10KM STL phezu kwe-IP 5.8 GHz Video Studio Transmitter Transmitter System

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I-FMUSER STL10 Studio Transmitter Link Equipment Kit ene-Yagi Antenna

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I-STL10 Studio to Transmitter Link / Inter-city Relay iwuhlelo lwezokuxhumana lwe-VHF/UHF FM oluhlinzeka ngesiteshi somsindo esisakazwayo esisezingeni eliphezulu esinamabhendi ahlukahlukene ozikhethela wona. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza ukwenqatshwa okukhulu kokuphazanyiswa, ukusebenza komsindo okuphakeme, ukukhuluma kancane kwesiteshi, kanye nokungafuneki okuningi kunezinhlelo ezitholakalayo eziyinhlanganisela ze-STL okwamanje.
I-FMUSER STL10 STL Transmitter STL Receiver Studio Transmitter Link Equipment

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I-STL10 Studio to Transmitter Link / Inter-city Relay iwuhlelo lwezokuxhumana lwe-VHF/UHF FM oluhlinzeka ngesiteshi somsindo esisakazwayo esisezingeni eliphezulu esinamabhendi ahlukahlukene ozikhethela wona. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza ukwenqatshwa okukhulu kokuphazanyiswa, ukusebenza komsindo okuphakeme, ukukhuluma kancane kwesiteshi, kanye nokungafuneki okuningi kunezinhlelo ezitholakalayo eziyinhlanganisela ze-STL okwamanje.

Yiziphi izinto ezijwayelekile zokuxhumanisa i-studio transmitter?: Isisetshenziswa se-Studio to transmitter link (STL) sisho ihadiwe nesoftware eyenza uhlelo olusetshenziswa ukudlulisa amasiginali omsindo ukusuka esiteshini somsakazo kuya endaweni yokusakaza. Izinto ezisetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-STL ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

1. Imishini yokucubungula umsindo: lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxuba ama-consoles, ama-preamplifiers wombhobho, izilinganisi, ama-compressor, nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenziselwa ukucubungula amasiginali omsindo esitudiyo.

2. I-STL Transmitter: lena iyunithi ngokuvamile etholakala esiteshini somsakazo esithumela isignali yomsindo kusayithi lomthumeli.

3. Umamukeli we-STL: lena iyunithi ngokuvamile etholakala endaweni yokudlulisela ethola isignali yomsindo esitudiyo.

4. Izimpondo: lezi zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokwamukela isignali yomsindo.

5. Ikhebula: izintambo zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma imishini yokucubungula umsindo, i-STL transmitter, isamukeli se-STL kanye nezinti.

6. Amathuluzi okusabalalisa amasignali: lokhu kuhlanganisa noma yikuphi ukucubungula isignali kanye nemishini yomzila esabalalisa isiginali phakathi kwe-studio kanye nesayithi lomthumeli.

7. Izisetshenziswa zokuqapha: lokhu kuhlanganisa amamitha eleveli yomsindo nezinye izisetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesiginali yomsindo edluliswayo.

Sekukonke, izingcezu zemishini ehlukahlukene ohlelweni lwe-STL zenzelwe ukusebenza ndawonye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu ukusuka esitudiyo kuya endaweni yokuhambisa, ebangeni elide. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingase futhi zibe nezici ezengeziwe ezifana nokuphinda zisetshenziswe kanye namasistimu okulondoloza ikhophi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukudlulisela kuhlala kusebenza kahle.

Kungani isixhumanisi se-studio to transmitter sibalulekile ekusakazeni?: Kudingeka isixhumanisi se-studio-to-transmitter (STL) ukuze usakaze ukuze kusungulwe ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokuzinikela phakathi kwesitudiyo somsakazo noma sesiteshi sikamabonakude nesidlulisi saso. I-STL ihlinzeka ngendlela yokuthutha umsindo nenye idatha isuka esitudiyo iye endaweni yokusakaza ukuze isakazwe ngamaza omoya.

I-STL yekhwalithi ephezulu ibalulekile esiteshini sokusakaza esiphrofeshinali ngezizathu ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, i-STL yekhwalithi ephezulu iqinisekisa ukuthi isignali yomsindo ethuthwa isuka ku-studio iyiswa kusidlulisi ingeyekhwalithi ephezulu, enomsindo ophansi nokuhlanekezela. Lokhu kukhiqiza umsindo ohlanzekile futhi ozwakala kakhudlwana, obalulekile ekubandakanyeni nasekugcineni abalaleli noma ababukeli.

Okwesibili, i-STL yekhwalithi ephezulu iqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu nokudluliswa okungaphazanyiswa. Iqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuyeka noma ukuphazamiseka esignali, okungabangela umoya oshonile kubalaleli noma ababukeli. Lokhu kubalulekile ekugcineni isithunzi somsakazo nokugcina abalaleli.

Okwesithathu, i-STL yekhwalithi ephezulu isiza ukulawula okukude nokuqapha isidlulisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ochwepheshe esitudiyo bangalungisa futhi baqaphe ukusebenza komthumeli bekude, benze ngcono okukhiphayo ukuze kudluliselwe kahle, futhi kuvinjwe izinkinga ezingaba khona.

Kafushane, i-STL yekhwalithi ephezulu ibalulekile esiteshini sokusakaza esiphrofeshinali ngoba iqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomsindo, ukwethembeka, nokulawula kude komthumeli, ekugcineni okunesandla ekusakazeni okungenazihibe kwabalaleli noma ababukeli.

Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza zesitudiyo zokudlulisa i-linkr? Uhlolojikelele: Isixhumanisi se-studio-to-transmitter (STL) sinezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi embonini yezokusakaza. Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

1. I-FM ne-AM Radio Broadcasting: Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko ze-STL ukuletha amasignali omsakazo we-FM kanye ne-AM asuka esitudiyo somsakazi aye endaweni yokusakaza. I-STL ingakwazi ukuthutha amasiginali omsindo wama-bandwidths ahlukene kanye nezikimu zokuguquguquka kwakho kokubili ukuhanjiswa kwe-mono ne-stereo.

2. Ukusakazwa Kwethelevishini: I-STL iphinde isetshenziswe ekusakazeni kukamabonakude ukuthutha amasiginali evidiyo nawomsindo esuka esitudiyo iye endaweni yokusakaza i-TV. I-STL ibaluleke kakhulu ekusakazeni bukhoma kanye nokusakazwa kwemicimbi yezindaba eziphambili, imidlalo yezemidlalo, neminye imicimbi ebukhoma.

3. I-Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB): I-STL isetshenziswa ekusakazeni kwe-DAB ukudlulisa idatha equkethe izinhlelo zomsindo wedijithali, ezingasakazwa ngenethiwekhi yabathumeli.

4. Amasevisi Esathelayithi Yeselula: I-STL iphinde isetshenziswe ezinsizeni zesathelayithi ephathwayo, lapho isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa idatha isuka esiteshini somhlaba esihambayo igibele imoto ehambayo iye kusathelayithi engashintshi. Idatha ingase iphinde idluliselwe kwesinye isiteshi somhlaba noma isiteshi esingaphansi.

5. Ukusakaza okukude: I-STL isetshenziswa ekusakazweni okukude, lapho iziteshi zomsakazo nezethelevishini zisakaza bukhoma zisuka kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwesitudiyo sazo noma indawo yokusakaza. I-STL ingasetshenziselwa ukuthutha amasiginali alalelwayo nawevidiyo isuka endaweni ekude iwabuyisele estudiyo ukuze idluliselwe.

6. Imicimbi ye-OB (Outside Broadcasting): I-STL isetshenziswa emicimbini yokusakaza yangaphandle, njengemicimbi yezemidlalo, amakhonsathi omculo, neminye imicimbi ebukhoma. Isetshenziselwa ukuthumela amasiginali omsindo nevidiyo ukusuka endaweni yomcimbi kuya kusitudiyo somsakazi ukuze sidluliselwe.

7. Umsindo we-IP: Ngokufika kokusakaza okusekelwe ku-inthanethi, iziteshi zomsakazo zingasebenzisa i-STL ukuthutha idatha yomsindo ngamanethiwekhi e-IP, okuvumela ukusatshalaliswa okulula kokuqukethwe komsindo ezindaweni ezikude. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokulingisa eziteshini zomsakazo eziningi nasezinhlelweni zomsakazo we-inthanethi.

8. Ukuxhumana Nokuphepha Komphakathi: I-STL iphinde isetshenziswe emkhakheni wezokuphepha komphakathi ekudluliselweni kokuxhumana okubalulekile. Amaphoyisa, umlilo, kanye nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zisebenzisa i-STL ukuxhumanisa izikhungo zokuthunyelwa kwe-911 nezinhlelo zokuxhumana zabaphenduli ukuze zinike amandla ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuphendula okufika ngesikhathi ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

9. Ukuxhumana Kwezempi: Umsakazo we-High-frequency (HF) usetshenziswa izinhlangano zamasosha emhlabeni wonke ukuxhumana okuthembekile kwebanga elide, ukuthumela ngezwi kanye nedatha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-STL isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasignali phakathi kwezinto ezisebenza phansi kanye nesidlulisi esitholakala emoyeni, okuvumela ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwamasosha.

10. Ukuxhumana Kwezindiza: I-Airborne Aircraft isebenzisa i-STL ukuze ixhumane nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezisekelwe phansi, okuhlanganisa izikhumulo zezindiza nezikhungo zokulawula ukuhamba kwezindiza. I-STL, kulokhu, ivumela ukuxhumana okuphezulu, okuthembekile phakathi kwe-cockpit namayunithi aphansi, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwendiza ephephile.

11. Ezokuxhumana Zasolwandle: I-STL iyasebenza ezinhlelweni zasolwandle lapho imikhumbi ixhumana nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezisekelwe emhlabathini ngokuvamile emabangeni amakhulu, njengokuhamba olwandle kanye nokusayina kwedijithali. I-STL kulokhu isiza ekuthumeleni idatha ye-radar, ithrafikhi yemiyalezo evikelekile, namasignali edijithali phakathi kwemikhumbi yasogwini kanye nezikhungo zayo zokulawula ezisekelwe emhlabeni ezihlotshaniswa nayo.

12. Isimo sezulu Radar: Amasistimu e-Weather Radar asebenzisa i-STL ukuze adlulisele idatha phakathi kwesistimu ye-radar namakhonsoli abonisayo Ehhovisi Lesimo Sezulu Sezulu (WFOs). I-STL idlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni ulwazi lwesimo sezulu lwesikhathi sangempela kanye nezixwayiso kubabikezeli, okubenza bakwazi ukuthatha izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi bakhiphe izexwayiso zesimo sezulu ngesikhathi esifanele emphakathini.

13. Ukuxhumana Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo: Esimeni sezinhlekelele zemvelo noma ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo ezithinta ingqalasizinda yezokuxhumana, i-STL ingasetshenziswa njengesixhumanisi sokuxhumana esisekelayo phakathi kwabaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nesikhungo sabo sokuthumela abafanele. Lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukuxhumana okungaphazanyiswa phakathi kwabaphenduli bokuqala kanye nabasebenzi babo abasekelayo phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo ezibucayi.

14. I-Telemedicine: I-Telemedicine iwumkhuba wezokwelapha osebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana ukuze unikeze ukunakekelwa kwezempilo komtholampilo ukude. I-STL ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-telemedicine ukudlulisa idatha yomsindo nevidiyo yekhwalithi ephezulu isuka kumishini yokuqapha yezokwelapha noma ochwepheshe bezokwelapha iye ezindaweni ezikude. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni lapho izikhungo zezokwelapha ziyindlala futhi ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.

15. Ukuvumelanisa Isikhathi: I-STL ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukudlulisa amasignali okuvumelanisa isikhathi kuwo wonke amadivaysi amaningi ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukulawula kwethrafikhi yomoya, ukuthengiselana kwezezimali, nokusakaza ngedijithali. Ukuvumelanisa isikhathi esinembile kuvumela amadivaysi ukuthi asebenze ngokuhambisanayo futhi kubalulekile ezindaweni ezibucayi kakhulu.

16. Ukusabalalisa Imakrofoni Okungenantambo: I-STL iphinde isetshenziswe ezindaweni ezinkulu zokuzijabulisa, njengamahholo ekhonsathi noma izinkundla zemidlalo ukuze kudluliselwe amasiginali alalelwayo kusuka kumakrofoni angenawaya kuya ku-mixing console. I-STL iqinisekisa ukuthi isignali yomsindo ilethwa ngekhwalithi ephezulu ngokulibaziseka okuncane, okubalulekile ekusakazeni imicimbi ebukhoma.

Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zigqamisa indima edlalwa yi-STL ekuqinisekiseni ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokungaphazanyiswa emikhakheni ehlukene yokusetshenziswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Kafushane, i-STL inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza embonini yezokusakaza, okuhlanganisa umsakazo we-FM kanye ne-AM, ukusakazwa kwethelevishini, ukusakazwa komsindo wedijithali, izinsizakalo zesethelayithi ephathwayo, ukusakaza okukude, kanye nemicimbi yokusakaza yangaphandle. Noma ngabe isicelo sinjani, i-STL idlala indima ebalulekile ekuletheni amasignali asezingeni eliphezulu alalelwayo namavidiyo ukuze adluliselwe kubabukeli, ihlala iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuxhumana okuthembekile, okuseqophelweni eliphezulu emikhakheni eminingana, okuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okungaphazamiseki endaweni kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele.

Yini equkethe isitudiyo esiphelele sokudlulisa uhlelo lokuxhumanisa?: Ukwakha uhlelo lwe-Studio to Transmitter Link (STL) lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zokusakaza ezifana ne-UHF, VHF, FM, ne-TV, uhlelo ludinga inhlanganisela yemishini ehlukahlukene. Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa kwezisetshenziswa nemisebenzi yazo:

1. Izisetshenziswa ze-STL Studio: Imishini yesitudiyo iqukethe izinsiza zokusakaza ezisetshenziswa emagcekeni omsakazo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise amakhonsoli alalelwayo, ama-microphone, ama-audio processors, nama-encoder adlulisayo eziteshi ze-FM ne-TV. Lezi zinsiza zisetshenziselwa ukubhala ngekhodi okulalelwayo noma ividiyo nokuyidlulisela kusidlulisi sokusakaza ngesixhumanisi esizinikezele se-STL.

2. Izisetshenziswa ze-STL Transmitter: I-STL Transmitter Equipment itholakala endaweni yokudlulisela futhi iqukethe izinto ezidingekayo zokwamukela kanye nokuqopha isignali yokudlulisela etholwe esitudiyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimpondo, izamukeli, izikhiqizi, amadekhoda, nezikhulisi zomsindo ukuze kuvuselelwe isignali yomsindo noma yevidiyo ukuze isakazwe. Imishini yokusakaza ithuthukiselwe ibhendi ethile yefrikhwensi noma izinga lokusakaza elisetshenziselwa ukusakaza.

3. Izimpondo: Ama-antenna asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokwamukela amasignali ohlelweni lokusakaza. Asetshenziselwa kokubili isidluliseli nesamukeli se-STL, futhi uhlobo lwazo kanye nokwakheka kuyahlukahluka kuye ngamabhendi athile efrikhwensi kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza zokusakaza. Iziteshi zokusakaza ze-UHF zidinga izimpondo ze-UHF, kuyilapho iziteshi zokusakaza ze-VHF zidinga izimpondo ze-VHF.

4. Ama-Transmitter Combiners: Izihlanganisi zama-transmitter zivumela ama-transmitter amaningi asebenza kubhendi yefrikhwensi efanayo ukuthi axhunywe othingo olulodwa. Zivame ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yesidluliseli samandla aphezulu ukuhlanganisa ukuphuma kwamandla okudlulisela ngakunye ekudluliseleni okukodwa okukhulu kumbhoshongo wokusakaza noma i-antenna.

5. Ama-Multiplexer/De-multiplexers: Ama-Multiplexer asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amasiginali ahlukene omsindo noma wevidiyo abe isignali eyodwa ukuze idluliselwe, kuyilapho ama-de-multiplexer asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amasignali omsindo noma wevidiyo eziteshini ezahlukene. Izinhlelo ze-multiplexer/de-multiplexer ezisetshenziswa eziteshini zokusakaza ze-UHF ne-VHF zihlukile kulezo eziseziteshini ze-FM ne-TV ngenxa yomehluko kumasu azo okushintshashintsha kanye nezidingo zomkhawulokudonsa.

6. Isifaki khodi se-STL / Amadekhoda: Izifaki khodi ze-STL namadekhoda angamadivayisi azinikele afaka ikhodi futhi ahlukanise isignali yomsindo noma yevidiyo ukuze idluliselwe ngezixhumanisi ze-STL. Baqinisekisa ukuthi isignali idluliswa ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela, ukuphazamiseka, noma ukucekelwa phansi kwekhwalithi.

7. I-STL Studio to Transmitter Link Radio: I-STL Radio iwuhlelo lomsakazo oluzinikele olusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasiginali alalelwayo noma amavidiyo phakathi kwestudiyo nesidlulisi ibanga elide. Le misakazo ilungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusakaza futhi yakhelwe ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu nokwamukelwa kwamabhendi amafrikhwensi ahlukene kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza.

Kafushane, ukwakha uhlelo lwe-Studio to Transmitter Link (STL) kudinga inhlanganisela yemishini elungiselelwe amabhendi athile emvamisa kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusakaza. Ama-antenna, izihlanganisi zokudlulisa imiyalezo, ama-multiplexer, ama-STL encoder/decoder, kanye nemisakazo ye-STL ngezinye zezinto ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa okufanele kwesiginali yomsindo noma yevidiyo isuka kusitudiyo iye kumthumeli.

Zingaki izinhlobo zesitudiyo zokudlulisa imishini yokuxhumanisa ezikhona?: Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zesixhumanisi se-studio-to-transmitter (STL) esisetshenziswa ekusakazeni umsakazo. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinzuzo zalo kanye nokubi olusekelwe kumathuluzi asetshenzisiwe, amandla okudlulisa umsindo noma wevidiyo, ibanga lemvamisa, ukusakazwa kokusakaza, amanani, izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukusebenza, izakhiwo, ukufakwa, ukukhanda, nokugcinwa. Nazi izincazelo ezimfushane zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo ze-STL:

1. I-Analog STL: Isistimu ye-STL ye-analog iwuhlobo oluyisisekelo noludala kakhulu lwesistimu ye-STL. Isebenzisa amasiginali we-analog ukudlulisa umsindo usuka esitudiyo uye endaweni yokudlulisela. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zilula futhi azibizi. Kodwa-ke, isengozini yokuphazamiseka futhi ingahlupheka ngenxa yokonakala kwesignali ngokuhamba amabanga amade. I-analogi ye-STL ivamise ukusebenzisa ipheya yezintambo ezilalelwayo zekhwalithi ephezulu, ezivamise ukuvikelwa ukupheya okusontekile (STP) noma ikhebula le-coaxial, ukuthumela isignali yomsindo isuka kusitudiyo iye endaweni yokusakaza.

2. Idijithali ye-STL: Uhlelo lwedijithali lwe-STL luwukuthuthukiswa ngaphezu kwesistimu ye-STL ye-analog, enikeza ukwethembeka okukhulu kanye nokuphazamiseka okuncane. Isebenzisa amasignali edijithali ukudlulisa umsindo, okuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lekhwalithi yomsindo kumabanga amade. Izinhlelo ze-STL zedijithali zingabiza kakhulu, kodwa zinikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuthembeka nekhwalithi. I-STL yedijithali isebenzisa isishumeki/idekhoda yedijithali kanye nesistimu yokuthutha yedijithali ecindezela futhi idlulise isignali yomsindo ngefomethi yedijithali. Ingase isebenzise izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezizinikele noma izixazululo zesofthiwe kusifaki khodi/isikhiphi khodi sayo.

3. IP STL: Uhlelo lwe-IP STL lusebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-inthanethi ukudlulisa umsindo usuka esitudiyo uye endaweni yesithumeli. Ingakwazi ukudlulisa umsindo kuphela kodwa futhi ividiyo nedatha stream. Kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu futhi evumelana nezimo, kulula ukuyikhulisa noma ukuyilungisa ngokwemfuneko, kodwa incike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi. I-IP STL ithumela isignali yomsindo ngenethiwekhi ye-Internet Protocol (IP), ngokuvamile isebenzisa uxhumo oluzinikezele noma inethiwekhi yangasese ebonakalayo (VPN) ukuze kuvikelwe. Ingase isebenzise izixazululo ezihlukahlukene zehadiwe nesofthiwe.

4. I-STL engenantambo: Isistimu ye-STL engenantambo isebenzisa isixhumanisi se-microwave ukuze idlulise umsindo usuka esitudiyo uye endaweni yesithumeli. Ihlinzeka ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu nokwethembekile emabangeni amade kodwa idinga amathuluzi akhethekile kanye nochwepheshe abanamakhono aphezulu. Iyabiza, incike esimweni sezulu futhi idinga ukunakekelwa njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla esignali afanele. I-STL engenantambo ithumela isignali yomsindo ngamaza omsakazo isebenzisa isidluliseli esingenantambo nomamukeli, idlule isidingo samakhebuli. Ingase isebenzise izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe obungenawaya, njenge-microwave, i-UHF/VHF, noma isathelayithi.

5. Isathelayithi STL: I-STL yesathelayithi isebenzisa uxhumano lwesathelayithi ukuze idlulise umsindo usuka esitudiyo uye endaweni yesithumeli. Kuyinketho ethembekile nesebenzayo enikeza ukumbozwa komhlaba wonke, kodwa kubiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-STL futhi ijwayele ukuphazamiseka phakathi nemvula enkulu noma umoya. I-STL yesathelayithi ithumela isignali yomsindo ngesathelayithi, isebenzisa isitsha sesathelayithi ukuze yamukele futhi idlulise amasignali. Ngokuvamile isebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ye-STL yesathelayithi.

Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zangaphambili ze-studio to transmitter links (STL) ezishiwo kokuqukethwe ngenhla yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezinhlelo ze-STL ezisetshenziswa ekusakazeni. Nokho, kukhona okunye ukuhluka okumbalwa okungajwayelekile kakhulu:

1. I-Fiber Optic STL: I-Fiber Optic STL isebenzisa izintambo ze-fiber optic ukuze idlulise amasiginali alalelwayo ukusuka ku-studio ukuya endaweni yesithumeli, iyenze ithembeke futhi ingabi lula ekuphazamisekeni kwesignali. I-Fiber Optic STL ingadlulisela umsindo, ividiyo, nokusakazwa kwedatha, ingumkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kakhulu futhi inikeza ububanzi obunwetshiwe kunamanye amasistimu we-STL. Ububi ukuthi izinto zokusebenza zingabiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlelo. I-fiber optic STL ithumela isignali yomsindo ngezintambo ze-fiber optic, ezinikeza umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu nokubambezeleka okuphansi. Ngokuvamile isebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ye-fiber optic STL.

2. I-Broadband Over Power Lines (BPL) STL: I-BPL STL isebenzisa intambo yamandla kagesi ukuze idlulise umsindo usuka esitudiyo uye endaweni yomthumeli. Kungukuzikhethela ukonga eziteshini zomsakazo ezincane ezingekho kude kakhulu nesidlulisi ngoba izinto zokusebenza azibizi futhi zakhelwe kunethiwekhi yamandla ekhona esiteshini. Ububi ukuthi ayitholakali kuzo zonke izindawo futhi ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwamanye amadivaysi. I-BPL STL ithumela isignali yomsindo phezu kwezintambo zikagesi, ezinganikeza isixazululo esingabizi kakhulu samabanga amafushane. Ngokuvamile isebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ye-BPL STL.

3. I-Point-to-Point Microwave STL: Lolu hlelo lwe-STL lusebenzisa imisakazo ye-microwave ukuze idlulise umsindo usuka esitudiyo uye endaweni yokusakaza. Isetshenziselwa amabanga amade, ngokuvamile afika kumamayela angu-60. Kuyindlela ebiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlelo, kodwa inikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuthembeka nokuzinza kwemvamisa. I-point-to-point microwave STL ithumela isignali yomsindo ngamaza ama-microwave, isebenzisa okokusebenza okukhethekile kwe-microwave STL.

4. I-Radio Over IP (RoIP) STL: I-RoIP STL iwuhlobo olusha lobuchwepheshe olusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-IP ukudlulisa umsindo usuka esitudiyo uye endaweni yomthumeli. Ingakwazi ukusekela iziteshi zomsindo eziningi futhi isebenze nge-latency ephansi, iyenze ilungele ukusakazwa bukhoma. I-RoIP STL iyindlela engabizi kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyifaka, kodwa idinga uxhumano lwe-inthanethi olunesivinini esikhulu.

Sekukonke, ukukhetha kohlobo lwesistimu ye-STL kuzoncika ezidingweni zokusakaza, isabelomali, nendawo yokusebenza. Isibonelo, isiteshi somsakazo esincane sasendaweni singase sikhethe isistimu ye-analog noma yedijithali ye-STL, kuyilapho isiteshi somsakazo esikhulu noma inethiwekhi yeziteshi ingase ikhethe i-IP STL, i-wireless STL, noma isistimu ye-STL yesathelayithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okuzinzile nokuthembekile indawo enkulu. Ukwengeza, uhlobo lwesistimu ye-STL ekhethiwe luzothonya izici ezifana nokufakwa, ukukhanda, kanye nezindleko zokunakekela okokusebenza, ikhwalithi yomsindo noma ukudluliswa kwevidiyo, kanye nendawo yokusakaza.

Sekukonke, nakuba lokhu kuhlukahluka kwezinhlelo ze-STL kungavamile, ngakunye kunezinzuzo kanye nokubi, okuhlinzeka ngamazinga ahlukahlukene okuthembeka, ukusebenza, kanye nobubanzi. Ukukhethwa kwesistimu ye-STL kuzoncika ezidingweni zokusakaza, isabelomali, nendawo yokusebenza, okuhlanganisa izici ezifana nebanga phakathi kwesitudiyo nesidlulisi, ukusakazwa kokusakaza, kanye nezidingo zokusakazwa komsindo noma kwevidiyo. I-RoIP STL ithumela isignali yomsindo ngenethiwekhi ye-IP isebenzisa imisakazo ekhethekile namasango e-RoIP.

Yiziphi izitemu ezijwayelekile zesitudiyo zokudlulisa isixhumanisi?: Nawa amanye amagama ahlotshaniswa nohlelo lwe-studio to transmitter link (STL):

1. Imvamisa: Imvamisa isho inani lemijikelezo yegagasi elidlula iphoyinti eligxilile ngomzuzwana owodwa. Kuhlelo lwe-STL, imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukuchaza ibhendi yamaza omsakazo asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa umsindo usuka esitudiyo uye endaweni yomthumeli. Ibanga lefrikhwensi elisetshenzisiwe lizoncika ohlotsheni lwesistimu ye-STL esetshenziswayo, enamasistimu ahlukene asebenza ngaphakathi kwamabhendi amafrikhwensi ahlukene.

2. Amandla: Amandla inani lamandla kagesi kuma-watts adingekayo ukuze kudluliselwe isiginali isuka esitudiyo iye endaweni yokudlulisela. Amandla adingekayo azoncika ebangeni eliphakathi kwesitudiyo nendawo yokuthumela imiyalezo, kanye nohlobo lohlelo lwe-STL olusetshenziswayo.

3. Uthi: Uthilo lusetshenziswa oludlulisa noma olwamukela amaza omsakazo. Kusistimu ye-STL, ama-antenna asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokwamukela isignali yomsindo phakathi kwestudiyo nesayithi lomthumeli. Uhlobo lwe-antenna olusetshenzisiwe luzoncika ebuningini bokusebenza, ileveli yamandla, kanye nenzuzo edingekayo.

4. Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi: Ukushintshashintshashintshashintshashintshayo kuyinqubo yokufaka ikhodi yesignali yomsindo kwifrikhwensi yenkampani yenethiwekhi yamagagasi omsakazo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuguquguquka ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-STL, okuhlanganisa i-frequency modulation (FM), i-amplitude modulation (AM), kanye nokushintshashintsha kwedijithali. Uhlobo lokuguquguquka olusetshenzisiwe luzoncika ohlotsheni lwesistimu ye-STL esetshenziswayo.

5. I-Bitrate: I-Bitrate inani ledatha elidluliswa ngesekhondi ngalinye, likalwa ngamabhithi ngomzuzwana (bps). Isho inani ledatha elithunyelwa kusistimu yonkana ye-STL, okuhlanganisa idatha yomsindo, idatha yokulawula, nolunye ulwazi. I-bitrate izoncika ohlotsheni lwesistimu ye-STL esetshenziswayo kanye nekhwalithi nobunkimbinkimbi bomsindo odluliswayo.

6. Ukubambezeleka: I-Latency isho ukubambezeleka phakathi kwesikhathi lapho umsindo uthunyelwa khona usuka estudiyo kanye nesikhathi otholwe ngaso kusayithi lomthumeli. Kungabangelwa izici ezifana nebanga eliphakathi kwestudiyo nesayithi lomthumeli, isikhathi sokucubungula esidingwa uhlelo lwe-STL, nokubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi uma isistimu ye-STL isebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-IP.

7. Ukungadingeki: I-redundancy isho amasistimu ayisipele asetshenziswa esimweni sokwehluleka noma ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwe-STL. Izinga lokuphelelwa umsebenzi elidingekayo lizoncika ekubalulekeni kokusakaza kanye nokubucayi kwesignali yomsindo esakazwayo.

Sekukonke, ukuqonda la magama namagama kubalulekile ekuklameni, ekusebenzeni, ekunakekeleni, nasekuxazululeni izinkinga zesistimu ye-STL. Basiza onjiniyela bokusakaza banqume uhlobo olulungile lwesistimu ye-STL, okokusebenza okudingekayo, kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe yohlelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusakazwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ungasikhetha kanjani isitudiyo esingcono kakhulu sokudlulisa isixhumanisi? Iziphakamiso ezimbalwa ezivela ku-FMUSER...: Ukukhetha isixhumanisi esingcono kakhulu se-studio-to-transmitter (STL) sesiteshi sokusakaza somsakazo kuzoncika ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwesiteshi sokusakaza (isib. UHF, VHF, FM, TV), izidingo zokusakaza, isabelomali, kanye nobuchwepheshe. imininingwane edingekayo. Nazi ezinye izici okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha isistimu ye-STL:

1. Izidingo Zokusakaza: Izidingo zokusakaza zesiteshi zizobhekwa njengento ebalulekile uma kukhethwa uhlelo lwe-STL. Uhlelo lwe-STL kufanele lukwazi ukusingatha izidingo zesiteshi, njengomkhawulokudonsa, ububanzi, ikhwalithi yomsindo, nokwethembeka. Isibonelo, isiteshi sokusakaza se-TV singase sidinge ukudluliswa kwevidiyo kwekhwalithi ephezulu, kuyilapho isiteshi somsakazo we-FM singadinga ukudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

2. Ibanga Lemvamisa: Ibanga lefrikhwensi yesistimu ye-STL kufanele ihambisane nemvamisa yokusebenza kwesiteshi sokusakaza. Isibonelo, iziteshi zomsakazo we-FM zizodinga uhlelo lwe-STL olusebenza phakathi kwebanga lefrikhwensi ye-FM, kuyilapho iziteshi zokusakaza ze-TV zingase zidinge ibanga lefrikhwensi elihlukile.

3. Ukucaciswa kokusebenza: Amasistimu e-STL ahlukene anezicaciso zokusebenza ezihlukile ezifana nomkhawulokudonsa, uhlobo lokumodulation, ukuphuma kwamandla, nokubambezeleka. Imininingwane kufanele ihambisane nezidingo zesiteshi sokusakaza. Isibonelo, isistimu ye-analog ye-STL enamandla amakhulu ingase inikeze ukusabalala okudingekayo kwesiteshi sokusakaza se-VHF, kuyilapho isistimu yedijithali ye-STL ingase inikeze ikhwalithi yomsindo engcono nokubamba ukubambezeleka kwesiteshi somsakazo se-FM.

4. Isabelomali: Isabelomali sohlelo lwe-STL sizoba yisici esibalulekile lapho kukhethwa isistimu ye-STL. Izindleko zizoncika ezintweni eziningi njengohlobo lwesistimu, okokusebenza, ukufakwa, nokugcinwa. Isiteshi somsakazo esincane esinesabelomali esiqinile singakhetha isistimu ye-STL ye-analog, kuyilapho isiteshi somsakazo esikhulu esinezidingo eziningi zokusakaza singakhetha isistimu yedijithali noma ye-IP STL.

5. Ukufaka Nokunakekela: Izidingo zokufakwa nokunakekelwa kwamasistimu e-STL ahlukene kuzoba yisici esibalulekile ekukhetheni isistimu ye-STL. Amanye amasistimu angase abe inkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuwafaka nokunakekela kunamanye, adinga amathuluzi akhethekile nochwepheshe. Ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezisekelayo nezishintshwayo nakho kuzocatshangelwa kakhulu.

Ekugcineni, ukukhetha uhlelo lwe-STL lwesiteshi sokusakaza somsakazo kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kwezidingo zokusakaza, imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, nezinketho ezitholakalayo. Kungcono ukubonisana nochwepheshe onolwazi ukuze usize ekukhetheni uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lwezidingo ezikhethekile zesiteshi.

Yini equkethe istudiyo sokudlulisa isixhumanisi sesiteshi sokusakaza se-microwave?: Iziteshi zokusakaza ze-Microwave ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinhlelo ze-point-to-point microwave studio-to-transmitter link (STL). Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa imisakazo ye-microwave ukuze idlulise amasiginali alalelwayo nawevidiyo ukusuka estudiyo kuya endaweni yokudlulisela.

Kunemishini eminingana edingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lwe-microwave STL, okuhlanganisa:

1. Imisakazo yeMicrowave: Imisakazo ye-Microwave iyithuluzi eliyinhloko elisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasiginali alalelwayo nevidiyo ukusuka estudiyo kuya endaweni yokusakaza. Asebenza ebangeni lefrikhwensi ye-microwave, ngokuvamile ephakathi kuka-1-100 GHz, ukugwema ukuphazamiseka kwamanye amasignali omsakazo. Le misakazo ingakwazi ukudlulisa amasignali ebangeni elide, kuze kufike kumamayela angu-60, ngokwethembeka okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi.

2. Izimpondo: Ama-antenna asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokwamukela amasiginali we-microwave phakathi kwestudiyo nendawo yokuhambisa. Ngokuvamile ziqondisa kakhulu futhi zinenzuzo ephezulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla esignali anele ukudluliswa okucacile kumabanga amade. Ama-Antenna ama-Parabolic ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-microwave STL ukuthola inzuzo ephezulu, ubude be-beamwid obuncane, nokuqondisa okuphezulu. Lawa ma-antenna kwesinye isikhathi abizwa ngokuthi “izinti zesitsha” futhi asetshenziswa kokubili lapho kudluliswa khona noma ekugcineni kokwamukela.

3. I-Mounting Hardware: Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezifakwayo ziyadingeka ukuze kufakwe izinti embhoshongweni ezindaweni ezamukelayo nezokudlulisa. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa abakaki, izinsimbi, nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezihlobene.

4. Imihlahlandlela yamagagasi: I-Waveguide iyishubhu lensimbi elingenalutho elisetshenziselwa ukuqondisa amagagasi kagesi, njengamaza ama-microwave. Ama-Waveguides asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasignali e-microwave esuka ezintini aye kuma-microwave radio. Zenzelwe ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali nokugcina ikhwalithi yesignali kumabanga amade.

5. Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi: Kudingeka ukunikezwa kwamandla ukuze kunikwe amandla imisakazo ye-microwave nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezidingekayo ohlelweni lwe-STL. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile kufanele kutholakale ezindaweni ezamukelayo nezidluliswayo ukuze kusebenze imishini ye-microwave esetshenziswa ohlelweni.

6. Ikhebula eliqinile: Intambo ye-coaxial isetshenziswa ukuxhuma okokusebenza emikhawulweni yomibili, njengomsakazo we-microwave ku-waveguide, kanye ne-waveguide ku-antenna.

7. I-Mounting Hardware: Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezikhwezwayo ziyadingeka ukuze kufakwe izinti namagagasi e-waveguide kumbhoshongo wesayithi lokuhambisa.

8. Izisetshenziswa Zokuqapha Isignali: Imishini yokuqapha amasignali isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasignali e-microwave asakaza ngendlela efanele futhi asezingeni elifanele. Lesi sixhobo sibalulekile ekuxazululeni inkinga nasekugcineni isistimu, sinikeza izindlela zokulinganisa amazinga amandla, Izilinganiso Zephutha Le-Bit (BER), namanye amasiginali afana namaleveli omsindo nevidiyo.

9. Ukuvikelwa Kombani: Ukuvikela kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo obangelwa umbani. Kudingeka izinyathelo zokuvikela umbani ukuze kuvikelwe uhlelo lwe-STL emonakalweni obangelwe umbani. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukusebenzisa izinduku zombani, ukubeka phansi, izibambi zokukhanyisa, nezivikeli zokuhlinza.

10. Ukudlulisa Nokwamukela Towers: I-Towers iyadingeka ukusekela ama-antenna okudlulisela nokwamukela kanye ne-waveguide.

Ukwakha isistimu ye-microwave STL kudinga ubuchwepheshe bokuklama nokufaka okokusebenza ngendlela efanele. Imishini ekhethekile kanye nochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe bayadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhlelo luthembekile, kulula ukulunakekela, futhi lusebenza ngezindinganiso ezidingekayo. Unjiniyela we-RF oqeqeshiwe noma umeluleki angasiza ekunqumeni imininingwane edingekayo yobuchwepheshe kanye nezinto zokusebenza zohlelo lwe-microwave STL olusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zesiteshi sokusakaza.

Yini equkethe isitudiyo sokudlulisa isixhumanisi sesiteshi sokusakaza se-UHF?: Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlelo ze-studio to transmitter link (STL) ezingasetshenziselwa iziteshi zokusakaza ze-UHF. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezithile ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe lolu hlelo zincike ezidingweni zobuchwepheshe zesiteshi kanye nesimo sebanga lokusakaza kwaso.

Nalu uhlu lwemishini evamile esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-STL zesiteshi sokusakaza se-UHF:

1. I-STL Transmitter: I-transmitter ye-STL inesibopho sokudlulisa isignali yomsakazo isuka esitudiyo iye endaweni yokudlulisela. Ngokuvamile, isidlulisi samandla aphezulu siyanconywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwesignali okuqinile nokuthembekile.

2. Umamukeli we-STL: Umamukeli we-STL unesibopho sokwamukela isignali yomsakazo endaweni yesithumeli bese uyiphakela kumthumeli. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isamukeli sekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze uqinisekise ukwamukela isignali ehlanzekile nethembekile.

3. Izinti ze-STL: Imvamisa, ama-antenna aqondisayo asetshenziswa ukuthwebula isiginali phakathi kwesitudiyo nezingosi zokuhambisa. Ama-antenna e-Yagi, izimpondo ze-parabolic dish, noma izimpondo zephaneli zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-STL, kuya ngebhendi yefrikhwensi esetshenziswayo kanye nesimo sezwe.

4. Intambo ye-coaxial: Intambo ye-coaxial isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma isidlulisi nesemukeli se-STL kuzinti ze-STL futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isignali idluliswa ngendlela efanele.

5. Imishini yesitudiyo: I-STL ingaxhunywa kukhonsoli yomsindo we-studio kusetshenziswa imigqa yomsindo elinganiselayo noma ukuxhumana komsindo wedijithali.

6. Imishini yokuxhumana: Amanye amasistimu e-STL angase asebenzise amanethiwekhi edijithali asekelwe ku-IP ukuze alethe amasiginali omsindo ukusuka ku-studio kuya kumthumeli.

7. Ukuvikelwa kombani: Imishini yokuvikela umhlabathi neyokuhlinza ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela isistimu ye-STL ekuqhumeni kwamandla nasekushayweni kombani.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezidumile zemishini ye-STL zifaka iHarris, iComrex, neBarix. Ukubonisana nonjiniyela womsindo oqeqeshiwe kungasiza ekunqumeni amathuluzi athile kanye nokusetha okudingekayo ohlelweni lwe-STL yesiteshi sokusakaza se-UHF.

Yini equkethe isitudiyo sokudlulisa isixhumanisi sesiteshi sokusakaza i-VHF?: Ngokufana neziteshi zokusakaza ze-UHF, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlelo ze-studio to transmitter link (STL) ezingasetshenziselwa iziteshi zokusakaza ze-VHF. Kodwa-ke, okokusebenza okuqondile okudingekayo ukwakha lolu hlelo kungase kuhluke ngokusekelwe kubhendi yefrikhwensi kanye nesimo sebanga lokusakaza.

Nalu uhlu lwemishini evamile esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-STL zesiteshi sokusakaza se-VHF:

1. I-STL Transmitter: I-transmitter ye-STL inesibopho sokudlulisa isignali yomsakazo isuka esitudiyo iye endaweni yokudlulisela. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isidlulisi samandla aphezulu ukuze uqinisekise ukudluliswa kwesignali okuqinile nokuthembekile.

2. Umamukeli we-STL: Umamukeli we-STL unesibopho sokwamukela isignali yomsakazo endaweni yesithumeli bese uyiphakela kumthumeli. Isamukeli sekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele sisetshenziswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwamukela isignali ehlanzekile nethembekile.

3. Izinti ze-STL: Imvamisa, ama-antenna aqondisayo asetshenziselwa ukuthwebula isiginali phakathi kwesitudiyo nezingosi zokuhambisa. Izimpondo ze-Yagi, izimpondo ze-log-periodic, noma izimpondo zephaneli zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-VHF STL.

4. Intambo ye-coaxial: Izintambo ezingama-coaxial zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma isidlulisi se-STL nomamukeli kuma-STL antenna ukuze kudluliselwe isignali.

5. Imishini yesitudiyo: I-STL ingaxhunywa kukhonsoli yomsindo we-studio kusetshenziswa imigqa yomsindo elinganiselayo noma ukuxhumana komsindo wedijithali.

6. Imishini yokuxhumana: Amanye amasistimu e-STL angase asebenzise amanethiwekhi edijithali asekelwe ku-IP ukuze alethe amasiginali omsindo ukusuka ku-studio kuya kumthumeli.

7. Ukuvikelwa kombani: Imishini yokuvikela umhlabathi neyokuhlinza ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela isistimu ye-STL ekuqhumeni kwamandla nasekushayweni kombani.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezidumile zemishini ye-STL zifaka i-Comrex, i-Harris, ne-Luci. Ukubonisana nonjiniyela womsindo oqeqeshiwe kungasiza ekunqumeni amathuluzi athile kanye nokusetha okudingekayo ohlelweni lwe-STL yesiteshi sokusakaza se-VHF.

Yini equkethe isitudiyo sokudlulisa isixhumanisi somsakazo we-FM sataiton?: Iziteshi zomsakazo we-FM zivame ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlelo ze-studio-to-transmitter link (STL), kuya ngezidingo zazo ezithile. Kodwa-ke, nalu uhlu lweminye yemishini esetshenziswa kakhulu ohlelweni olujwayelekile lwesiteshi somsakazo we-FM STL:

1. I-STL Transmitter: I-STL transmitter iyisisetshenziswa esidlulisa isignali yomsakazo isuka esitudiyo iye endaweni yokusakaza. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isidlulisi sekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze uqinisekise ukudluliswa kwesignali okuqinile nokuthembekile.

2. Umamukeli we-STL: Isamukeli se-STL isisetshenziswa esithola isignali yomsakazo endaweni yokudlulisela bese siyiphakela kumthumeli. Umamukeli wekhwalithi ephezulu ubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwamukela isignali ehlanzekile nethembekile.

3. Izinti ze-STL: Ama-antenna aqondisayo ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuthwebula isiginali phakathi kwesitudiyo nezingosi zokuhambisa. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinti zingasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-STL, okuhlanganisa izimpondo ze-Yagi, izimpondo ze-log-periodic, noma izimpondo zephaneli, kuye ngebhendi yefrikhwensi nendawo.

4. Intambo ye-coaxial: Izintambo ezingama-coaxial zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma isidlulisi se-STL nomamukeli kuma-STL antenna ukuze kudluliselwe isignali.

5. Isixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo: I-STL ingaxhunywa kukhonsoli yomsindo we-studio kusetshenziswa imigqa yomsindo elinganiselayo noma ukuxhumana komsindo wedijithali. Amanye amabhrendi womsindo adumile afaka i-RDL, iMackie, ne-Focusrite.

6. Izinsiza zokuxhumana ze-IP: Amanye amasistimu e-STL angase asebenzise amanethiwekhi edijithali asekelwe ku-IP ukuze alethe amasiginali omsindo ukusuka ku-studio kuya kumthumeli. Izisetshenziswa zenethiwekhi, ezifana namaswishi namarutha, zingadingeka kulolu hlobo lokusetha.

7. Ukuvikelwa kombani: Imishini yokuvikela umhlabathi neyokuhlinza ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela isistimu ye-STL ekuqhumeni kwamandla nasekushayweni kombani.

Eminye imikhiqizo yemishini ye-STL edumile yeziteshi zomsakazo we-FM ihlanganisa iHarris, Comrex, Tieline, ne-BW Broadcast. Ukubonisana nonjiniyela womsindo oqeqeshiwe kungasiza ekutholeni amathuluzi athile kanye nokusetha okudingekayo ohlelweni lwe-STL yesiteshi somsakazo we-FM.

Yini equkethe istudiyo sokudlulisa isixhumanisi sesiteshi sokusakaza se-TV?: Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo ze-studio to transmitter link (STL) ezingasetshenziselwa iziteshi zokusakaza ze-TV, kuye ngezidingo kanye nezidingo zesiteshi. Kodwa-ke, nalu uhlu olujwayelekile lweminye yemishini evame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni uhlelo lwe-STL lwesiteshi sokusakaza se-TV:

1. I-STL Transmitter: I-STL transmitter iyisisetshenziswa esidlulisa amasiginali wevidiyo nomsindo ukusuka estudiyo kuya endaweni yokudlulisela. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isidlulisi samandla aphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwesignali okuqinile nokuthembekile, ikakhulukazi izixhumanisi zamabanga amade.

2. Umamukeli we-STL: Isamukeli se-STL isisetshenziswa esithola amasiginali wevidiyo nomsindo esizeni sokudlulisa bese siwaphakela kumthumeli. Umamukeli wekhwalithi ephezulu ubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwamukela isignali ehlanzekile nethembekile.

3. Izinti ze-STL: Ama-antenna aqondisayo ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuthwebula isiginali phakathi kwesitudiyo nezingosi zokuhambisa. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimpondo zingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-STL, okuhlanganisa izimpondo zephaneli, izimpondo ze-parabolic dish, noma izimpondo ze-Yagi, kuye ngebhendi yefrikhwensi nendawo.

4. Intambo ye-coaxial: Izintambo ezingama-coaxial zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma isidlulisi se-STL nomamukeli kuma-STL antenna ukuze kudluliselwe isignali.

5. Amakhodekhi wevidiyo nawomsindo: Ama-codec asetshenziselwa ukucindezela nokucisha amasiginali wevidiyo nawomsindo ukuze adluliselwe nge-STL. Amanye amakhodekhi adumile asetshenziswa ekusakazweni kwe-TV afaka i-MPEG-2 ne-H.264.

6. Izinsiza zokuxhumana ze-IP: Amanye amasistimu e-STL angase asebenzise amanethiwekhi edijithali asekelwe ku-IP ukuze alethe amasiginali wevidiyo nawomsindo ukusuka ku-studio kuya kumthumeli. Izisetshenziswa zenethiwekhi, ezifana namaswishi namarutha, zingadingeka kulolu hlobo lokusetha.

7. Ukuvikelwa kombani: Imishini yokuvikela umhlabathi neyokuhlinza ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela isistimu ye-STL ekuqhumeni kwamandla nasekushayweni kombani.

Eminye imikhiqizo yemishini ye-STL edumile yokusakazwa kwe-TV ihlanganisa i-Harris, i-Comrex, i-Intraplex, ne-Tieline. Ukubonisana nonjiniyela wokusakaza oqeqeshiwe kungasiza ekutholeni amathuluzi athile kanye nokusetha okudingekayo ohlelweni lwe-STL yesiteshi sokusakaza se-TV.

I-Analog STL: incazelo kanye nomehluko ngaphezu kwamanye ama-STL: Ama-STL e-Analog angenye yezindlela ezindala kakhulu nezivamile zokudlulisa umsindo usuka kumsakazo noma isitudiyo sikamabonakude uye endaweni yokusakaza. Basebenzisa amasiginali womsindo we-analogi, ngokuvamile alethwa ngamakhebuli amabili ekhwalithi ephezulu, njengepheya elisontiwe elivikelekile noma izintambo eziqinile. Nawu umehluko phakathi kwe-Analog STL nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL:

1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Ama-STL e-analogi ngokuvamile asebenzisa ipheya yezintambo zomsindo zekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze athumele isignali yomsindo isuka ku-studio iye endaweni yesithumeli, kuyilapho amanye ama-STL angase asebenzise izishumeki/amadekhoda edijithali, amanethiwekhi e-IP, amaza ama-microwave, izintambo ze-fiber optic, noma izixhumanisi zesathelayithi.

2. Ukudluliswa komsindo noma kwevidiyo: Ama-STL e-analogi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasiginali omsindo kuphela, kanti amanye ama-STL angase asetshenziselwe ukudlulisa ividiyo.

3. Izinzuzo: Ama-STL e-Analog anenzuzo mayelana nokuthembeka nokusebenziseka kalula. Ngokuvamile banokusethwa okulula nokuqinile, okudinga okokusebenza okuncane. Angabuye afanelekele ukusakaza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njengasezindaweni zasemaphandleni ezinomthamo omncane wabantu lapho ukuphazamiseka nokuminyana kwezikhathi kungeyona into ekhathazayo.

4. Okubi: Ama-STL e-analogi ahlushwa imikhawulo ethile, okuhlanganisa ikhwalithi yomsindo ephansi nokuba sengozini enkulu yokuphazamiseka nomsindo. Futhi abakwazi ukudlulisa amasignali edijithali, okungakhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwawo ezindaweni zokusakaza zesimanje.

5. Ukuvama nokusakaza: Ama-STL e-analogi ngokuvamile asebenza kububanzi befrikhwensi ye-VHF noma ye-UHF, enobubanzi obuhlanganisa obufika kumamayela angu-30 noma ngaphezulu. Lobu bubanzi bungahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo, ukuphakama kwe-antenna, nokuphuma kwamandla okusetshenzisiwe.

6. Intengo: Ama-STL e-analogi ajwayele ukuba sebangeni eliphansi lezindleko uma eqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL, njengoba adinga okokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kancane ukuze kusebenze.

I-7. Izicelo: Ama-STL e-analogi angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusakaza ezehlukene, kusukela ekusakazweni kwemicimbi ebukhoma kuya ekusakazweni komsakazo nomabonakude.

I-8. Abanye: Ukusebenza kwe-Analog STL kungakhawulwa izici eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka, amandla esignali, nekhwalithi yamakhebuli asetshenzisiwe. Ukugcinwa kwama-STL e-Analog nakho kulula uma kuqhathaniswa, okuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukuhlola okuvamile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izintambo zisesimweni esihle nokuhlola okusebenzayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azikho izinkinga zokuphazamiseka. Ukulungisa nokufakwa kwama-STL e-Analog nakho kulula futhi kungenziwa uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe.

Sekukonke, ama-STL e-Analog abe yindlela ethembekile nesabalele yokudlulisa umsindo amashumi eminyaka, nakuba enemikhawulo futhi ebhekene nokuncintisana okukhulu okuvela kubuchwepheshe obusha obunikeza ikhwalithi yomsindo enkulu nezinye izinzuzo.

I-Digital STL: incazelo kanye nomehluko ngaphezu kwamanye ama-STL: Ama-STL adijithali asebenzisa izishumeki/amadekhoda edijithali kanye nesistimu yezokuthutha yedijithali ukuze adlulisele amasiginali alalelwayo phakathi kwesitudiyo nesayithi lomthumeli. Nawu umehluko phakathi kweDigital STL nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL:

1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Ama-STL adijithali adinga izishumeki zedijithali namadekhoda ukuze iminyanise futhi idlulise isignali yomsindo ngefomethi yedijithali. Bangase futhi badinge okokusebenza okukhethekile kwesistimu yezokuthutha yedijithali, njengezifaki khodi namadekhoda axhumana nenethiwekhi ye-IP ezinikele.

2. Ukudluliswa komsindo noma kwevidiyo: I-STL yedijithali isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukudlulisa amasiginali omsindo, nakuba ingase ikwazi nokudlulisa amasignali evidiyo.

3. Izinzuzo: Ama-STL edijithali anikeza ikhwalithi yomsindo ephezulu kanye nokumelana okukhulu nokuphazamiseka kune-STL ye-analog. Bangakwazi futhi ukudlulisa amasignali edijithali, okubenza bafaneleke kangcono ezindaweni zokusakaza zesimanje.

4. Okubi: Ama-STL adijithali adinga okokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi angabiza kakhulu kunama-STL e-analog.

5. Ukuvama nokusakaza: Ama-STL edijithali asebenza ebangeni elibanzi lamafrikhwensi, ngokuvamile ebangeni lefrikhwensi ephezulu kunama-STL e-analog. Ukusakazwa kwe-STL yedijithali kuncike ezintweni ezifana nesimo sezwe, ukuphakama kwe-antenna, ukuphuma kwamandla, namandla esignali.

6. Amanani: Ama-STL edijithali angase abize kakhulu kunama-STL e-analog ngenxa yezindleko zemishini ekhethekile yedijithali edingekayo.

I-7. Izicelo: Ama-STL edijithali avame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusakaza lapho ukudluliselwa komsindo okuthembekile, nekhwalithi ephezulu kubalulekile. Angasetshenziselwa imicimbi ebukhoma noma njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zomsakazo nomabonakude.

I-8. Abanye: Ama-STL edijithali anikezela ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka futhi angafakwa kusetshenziswa ingqalasizinda ekhona ehlukahlukene. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-STL, ukufakwa kwawo nokugcinwa kwawo kungaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga ochwepheshe abanekhono. Futhi zidinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokunakekelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zisebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Sekukonke, ama-STL edijithali aba indlela ethandwayo yokudlulisa amasiginali alalelwayo ezindaweni zokusakaza zesimanje, ikakhulukazi abasakazi bezinga elikhulu. Zinikeza ikhwalithi yomsindo ephezulu kanye nokumelana okukhulu nokuphazamiseka kune-STL ye-analog, kodwa zidinga amathuluzi amaningi futhi zingabiza kakhulu.

IP STL: incazelo kanye nomehluko ngaphezu kwamanye ama-STL: Ama-IP STL asebenzisa inethiwekhi yangasese ezinikele noma ebonakalayo (i-VPN) ukuze adlulisele amasiginali omsindo asuka esitudiyo aye endaweni yokusakaza ngenethiwekhi ye-IP. Nawu umehluko phakathi kwama-IP STL nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL:

1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Ama-IP STL adinga ihadiwe ekhethekile noma izixazululo zesofthiwe, njengezifaki khodi/amadekhoda nengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi, ukuze kudluliswe umsindo ngenethiwekhi ye-IP.

2. Ukudluliswa komsindo noma kwevidiyo: Ama-IP STL angadlulisela kokubili amasiginali alalelwayo nawevidiyo, awenze alungele ukusakazwa kwe-multimedia.

3. Izinzuzo: Ama-IP STL anikezela ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezikhethekile, njengezintambo noma izithumeli. Bangakwazi futhi ukuhlinzeka ngesisombululo esingabizi kakhulu futhi esivumelana nezimo, njengoba ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ekhona ingasetshenziswa.

4. Okubi: Ama-IP STL angase abhekane nezinselele ngokuya ngokubambezeleka nokuminyana kwenethiwekhi. Angase futhi athintwe izinkinga zokuphepha futhi adinga ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ezinikele ukuze idlulise okuthembekile.

5. Ukuvama nokusakaza: Ama-IP STL asebenza ngenethiwekhi ye-IP futhi awanalo ibanga lefrikhwensi elichaziwe, elivumela ukufinyelela ekusakazeni komhlaba wonke.

6. Amanani: Ama-IP STL angabiza kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ekhona.

I-7. Izicelo: Ama-IP STL avame ukusetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zokusakaza, okuhlanganisa imicimbi ebukhoma, amaveni e-OB, nokubika okukude.

I-8. Abanye: Ama-IP STL anikezela ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezikhethekile, njengezintambo noma izithumeli. Alula uma kuqhathaniswa futhi angabizi kakhulu ukuwafaka nokuyinakekela, adinga imishini ye-IT evamile kuphela ukuze isebenze. Nokho, ukusebenza kwabo kungase kuthonywe izinkinga zenethiwekhi futhi kungase kudinge ukuqapha nokugcinwa kwenethiwekhi okuqhubekayo.

Sekukonke, ama-IP STL aya ngokuya aduma ezindaweni zokusakaza zesimanje ngenxa yokuguquguquka, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nekhono lokudlulisa kokubili amasiginali omsindo nevidiyo. Nakuba zingase zibhekane nezinselele mayelana nokubambezeleka, ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi, nokuphepha, uma zisetshenziswa nenethiwekhi ezinikezele kanye nesakhiwo esihle senethiwekhi zinganikeza indlela ethembekile yokudlulisa umsindo.

I-STL engenantambo: incazelo kanye nomehluko ngaphezu kwamanye ama-STL: Ama-STL angenantambo asebenzisa amaza e-microwave ukuze adlulisele amasiginali alalelwayo esuka esitudiyo aye endaweni yomshini wokuthumela imiyalezo. Nawu umehluko phakathi kwe-Wireless STL nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL:

1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Ama-STL angenantambo adinga okokusebenza okukhethekile, njengama-transmitter nabamukeli, asebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lefrikhwensi.

2. Ukudluliswa komsindo noma kwevidiyo: Ama-STL angenantambo angadlulisela kokubili amasiginali alalelwayo nawevidiyo, awenze alungele ukusakazwa kwe-multimedia.

3. Izinzuzo: Ama-STL angenantambo anikezela ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kwesidingo samakhebuli noma okunye ukuxhumana okuphathekayo. Bangakwazi futhi ukuhlinzeka ngesisombululo esingabizi nesiguquguqukayo sokudlulisa umsindo kumabanga amade.

4. Okubi: Ama-STL angenantambo asengozini yokuphazamiseka kanye nokonakaliswa kwesignali ngenxa yesimo sezulu noma izithiyo zendawo. Angaphinde athintwe ukuminyana kwemvamisa futhi angadinga inhlolovo yesayithi ukuze kutholwe indawo elungile yokufaka.

5. Ukuvama nokusakaza: Ama-STL angenantambo asebenza phakathi kwebanga elithile lefrikhwensi, ngokuvamile elingaphezu kuka-2 GHz, futhi anganikeza ububanzi bokukhava obufika kumamayela angu-50 noma ngaphezulu.

6. Amanani: Ama-STL angenantambo angabiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-STL ngenxa yesidingo semishini ekhethekile kanye nokufakwa.

I-7. Izicelo: Ama-STL angenantambo avame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusakaza lapho kudingeka khona ukudluliswa komsindo okude, njengokusakazwa kude nemicimbi yangaphandle.

I-8. Abanye: Ama-STL angenantambo anikezela ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu kumabanga amade ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuxhumeka ngokomzimba. Kodwa-ke, badinga imishini ekhethekile kanye nokufakwa konjiniyela abaqeqeshiwe. Njengamanye ama-STL, ukugcinwa okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile.

Sekukonke, ama-STL angenantambo anikezela ngesixazululo esivumelana nezimo nesithembekile sokudlulisa amasiginali omsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu ebangeni elide. Nakuba zingabiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-STL, zinikeza isethi eyingqayizivele yezinzuzo, okuhlanganisa ikhono lokudlulisa kokubili amasiginali omsindo nevidiyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuxhumana ngokomzimba, okuwenza alungele ukusakazwa okukude nemicimbi yangaphandle.

I-Satellite STL: incazelo kanye nomehluko ngaphezu kwamanye ama-STL: Ama-Satellite STL asebenzisa amasathelayithi ukuze adlulisele amasiginali alalelwayo esuka esitudiyo aye endaweni yokusakaza. Nawu umehluko phakathi kwe-Satellite STL nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL:

1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Ama-STL asathelayithi adinga okokusebenza okukhethekile, okufana nezitsha zesathelayithi nezamukeli, ngokuvamile ezikhudlwana futhi ezidinga indawo yokufaka eyengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL.

2. Ukudluliswa komsindo noma kwevidiyo: Ama-STL wesathelayithi angadlulisela kokubili amasiginali omsindo nevidiyo, awenze alungele ukusakazwa kwe-multimedia.

3. Izinzuzo: Ama-STL wesathelayithi anikezela ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu kumabanga amade futhi angahlinzeka ngokusakaza okubalulekile, ngezinye izikhathi nokufinyeleleka emhlabeni jikelele.

4. Okubi: Ama-STL asathelayithi angabiza ukuwamisa futhi adinge ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo. Zingase futhi zithintwe izimo zezulu kanye nokuphazanyiswa yizinto zemvelo.

5. Ukuvama nokusakaza: Ama-STL wesathelayithi asebenza phakathi kwebanga elithile lefrikhwensi, ngokuvamile asebenzisa amaza e-Ku-band noma e-C-band, futhi angahlinzeka ngokusakaza emhlabeni wonke.

6. Amanani: Ama-STL wesathelayithi angabiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-STL, ngenxa yesidingo semishini ekhethekile nokufakwa, kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziqhubekayo.

I-7. Izicelo: Ama-Satellite STL avame ukusetshenziswa ekusakazeni izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka ukudluliswa komsindo webanga elide, njengokusakazwa kwemicimbi yezemidlalo, amafestivali wezindaba nomculo, neminye imicimbi ebukhoma engenzeka ezindaweni ezikude ngokwendawo.

I-8. Abanye: Ama-STL asathelayithi anganikeza ukudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu okuthembekile kumabanga amade futhi awusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude neziyinselele okungenzeka zingakwazi ukufinyeleleka ngezinye izinhlobo zama-STL. Zidinga okokusebenza okukhethekile, izinsiza zokufaka ezichwepheshile kanye nokulungiswa okuqhubekayo ukuze kugcinwe amandla esiginali nekhwalithi yomsindo iphezulu.

Sekukonke, ama-Satellite STL ayinketho enhle kakhulu yokusakaza amasiginali omsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu emabangeni amade, ngisho nasemhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba zingase zibe nezindleko eziphakeme zokuqala neziqhubekayo uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL, zinikeza izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele, ezihlanganisa ukusakazwa komhlaba wonke, okuwenza abe yinketho ekahle yokusakaza imicimbi ebukhoma evela ezindaweni ezikude.

I-Fiber Optic STL: incazelo kanye nomehluko ngaphezu kwamanye ama-STL: Ama-Fiber Optic STL asebenzisa ama-optical fibers ukudlulisa amasiginali alalelwayo esuka esitudiyo aye endaweni yokudlulisela. Nawu umehluko phakathi kwe-Fiber Optic STL nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL:

1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Ama-STL e-Fiber Optic adinga okokusebenza okukhethekile, njengemicu yokubona kanye nama-transceiver, asebenza ngenethiwekhi yokubona.

2. Ukudluliswa komsindo noma kwevidiyo: Ama-Fiber Optic STL angadlulisela kokubili amasiginali alalelwayo nawevidiyo, awenze alungele ukusakazwa kwe-multimedia.

3. Izinzuzo: Ama-Fiber Optic STL anikezela ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokudluliswa kwefrikhwensi yomsakazo noma ukuphazamiseka. Baphinde banikeze ukuhanjiswa komkhawulokudonsa onesivinini esikhulu, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwezinye izinhlobo zemidiya, njengezimpawu zevidiyo ne-inthanethi.

4. Okubi: Ama-STL e-Fiber Optic angabiza ukusethwa, ikakhulukazi uma kudingeka ukufaka intambo entsha ye-fiber optic, futhi kudinga ukufakwa okuphrofeshinali.

5. Ukuvama nokusakaza: Ama-STL e-Fiber Optic asebenza esebenzisa inethiwekhi yokubona futhi ayinalo ibanga lefrikhwensi elichaziwe, elivumela ukusakazwa komhlaba wonke.

6. Amanani: Ama-STL e-Fiber Optic angabiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-STL, ikakhulukazi uma kudingeka ukufaka izintambo ezintsha ze-fiber optic. Kodwa-ke, bangase banikeze isixazululo esingabizi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho umthamo wokudlulisela unyuswa kanye/noma lapho ingqalasizinda ekhona ingasetshenziswa.

I-7. Izicelo: Ama-Fiber Optic STL ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinkulu zokusakaza nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga isivinini esikhulu se-inthanethi futhi, njenge-videoconferencing, ukukhiqizwa kwe-multimedia, nokuphathwa kwesitudiyo esikude.

I-8. Abanye: Ama-STL e-Fiber Optic anikezela ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi awusizo ikakhulukazi ekudluliseleni amabanga amade ngamanethiwekhi azinikele e-fiber optic. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL, ukufakwa kwawo, ukulungiswa, nokugcinwa kwawo kungaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga ochwepheshe abanekhono.

Sekukonke, ama-Fiber Optic STL ayisixazululo esinokwethenjelwa nesifakazela isikhathi esizayo sezindawo zokusakaza zesimanje, enikeza ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esiphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yomsindo enhle kakhulu. Nakuba zingabiza kakhulu ngaphambili, zinikeza izinzuzo ezifana nomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kanye nokuwohloka kwesignali ephansi. Okokugcina, njengoba i-fiber optics iya ngokuya ijwayeleka kakhulu ekuthumeleni amasignali wedatha, ihlinzeka ngenye indlela ethembekile ezindleleni zendabuko zokudlulisa umsindo.

I-Broadband Over Power Lines (BPL) STL: incazelo nomehluko ngaphezu kwamanye ama-STL: Ama-STL e-Broadband Over Power Lines (BPL) asebenzisa ingqalasizinda yegridi yamandla ekhona ukuze adlulisele amasiginali omsindo asuka esitudiyo aye endaweni yesithumeli. Nawu umehluko phakathi kwe-BPL STL nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL:

1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Ama-BPL STL adinga okokusebenza okukhethekile, njengamamodemu e-BPL, aklanyelwe ukusebenza phezu kwengqalasizinda yegridi yamandla.

2. Ukudluliswa komsindo noma kwevidiyo: Ama-BPL STL angadlulisela kokubili amasiginali alalelwayo nawevidiyo, awenze alungele ukusakazwa kwe-multimedia.

3. Izinzuzo: Ama-BPL STL anikeza isixazululo esingabizi kakhulu sokudluliswa komsindo, njengoba esebenzisa ingqalasizinda yegridi yamandla ekhona. Bangakwazi futhi ukuhlinzeka ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nesignali ethembekile.

4. Okubi: Ama-BPL STL angase athikamezeke kwezinye izisetshenziswa zikagesi kugridi yamandla, njengama-electronics asekhaya nezinto zikagesi, ezingathinta ikhwalithi yesiginali. Angase futhi akhawulelwe umkhawulokudonsa wengqalasizinda yegridi yamandla.

5. Ukuvama nokusakaza: Ama-BPL STL asebenza phakathi kwebanga elithile lefrikhwensi, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-2 MHz no-80 MHz, futhi anganikeza ububanzi bokuhlanganisa obufika kumamayela ambalwa.

6. Amanani: Ama-BPL STL angaba yisixazululo esingabizi kakhulu sokudlulisa umsindo ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ingqalasizinda yegridi yamandla ekhona.

I-7. Izicelo: Ama-BPL STL ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusakaza lapho ukuphumelela kwezindleko kanye nokufaka kalula kubalulekile, njengomsakazo womphakathi kanye neziteshi ezincane zokusakaza.

I-8. Abanye: Ama-BPL STL anikeza isixazululo esinezindleko eziphansi sokudluliswa komsindo, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo kungase kuthikamezeke kwezinye izinto zikagesi kugridi yamandla. Badinga imishini ekhethekile kanye nokufakwa, nokuqapha okuqhubekayo nokugcinwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe isignali ethembekile.

Sekukonke, ama-STL e-BPL ahlinzeka ngesixazululo esingabizi futhi esikahle sokudluliswa komsindo ezindaweni ezincane zokusakaza. Nakuba zingase zibe nemingcele mayelana nomkhawulokudonsa nokusebenza, zingaba inketho ebalulekile kubasakazi abancane abanesabelomali esilinganiselwe futhi ezingadingi ukudluliswa kwebanga elide.

I-Point-to-Point Microwave STL: incazelo nomehluko ngaphezu kwamanye ama-STL: Ama-STL e-Point-to-Point Microwave asebenzisa amaza ama-microwave ukuze adlulisele amasiginali alalelwayo esuka esitudiyo aye endaweni yomshini wokuthumela izinto, ngesixhumanisi esizinikezele se-microwave. Nawu umehluko phakathi kwe-Point-to-Point Microwave STL nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL:

1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Ama-STL e-Point-to-Point Microwave adinga okokusebenza okukhethekile, okufana nama-microwave transmitters namazamukeli, asebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lefrikhwensi.

2. Ukudluliswa komsindo noma kwevidiyo: Ama-STL e-Point-to-Point Microwave angadlulisela kokubili amasiginali omsindo nevidiyo, awenze alungele ukusakazwa kwe-multimedia.

3. Izinzuzo: Ama-STL e-Point-to-Point Microwave anikezela ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuxhumeka ngokomzimba. Bahlinzeka ngesisombululo esingabizi nesiguquguqukayo sokudlulisa umsindo kumabanga amade, kuyilapho kugcinwa ikhwalithi yomsindo ephezulu.

4. Okubi: Ama-STL e-Point-to-Point Microwave angaba lula ekuphazamisekeni nasekucekeleni phansi kwesignali ngenxa yesimo sezulu noma izithiyo zendawo. Angaphinde athintwe ukuminyana kwemvamisa futhi angadinga inhlolovo yesayithi ukuze kutholwe indawo elungile yokufaka.

5. Ukuvama nokusakaza: Ama-STL e-Point-to-Point Microwave asebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lefrikhwensi, ngokuvamile elingaphezu kuka-6 GHz, futhi angahlinzeka ngebanga elifinyelela kumamayela angu-50 noma ngaphezulu.

6. Amanani: Ama-STL e-Point-to-Point Microwave angabiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-STL ngenxa yesidingo semishini ekhethekile kanye nokufakwa.

I-7. Izicelo: Ama-STL e-Point-to-Point Microwave avame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusakaza lapho kudingeka khona ukudluliswa komsindo okude, njengokusakaza okukude nemicimbi yangaphandle.

I-8. Abanye: Ama-STL e-Point-to-Point Microwave anikezela ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu kumabanga amade ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuxhumeka ngokomzimba. Kodwa-ke, badinga okokusebenza okukhethekile, izinsizakalo zokufakwa kochwepheshe, kanye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo kokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile. Bangase futhi badinge inhlolovo yesayithi ukuze bathole indawo efanelekile yokufaka kanye nokubekwa kwezinti.

Sekukonke, ama-Point-to-Point Microwave STL anikeza isixazululo esithembekile nesingabizi kakhulu sokudlulisa amasignali omsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu ebangeni elide. Nakuba zingabiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-STL, zinikeza isethi ehlukile yezinzuzo futhi zingaba ukukhetha okuhle kokusakazwa bukhoma nemicimbi lapho ukuxhumana ngokomzimba kungenzeki khona. Badinga ochwepheshe abanekhono ukuze bafake futhi banakekele, kodwa ukuguquguquka kwabo, ukusebenza, nokwethembeka kubenza babe inketho ekhangayo kubasakazi abadinga ukudluliswa komsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu.

I-Radio Over IP (RoIP) STL: incazelo nomehluko ngaphezu kwamanye ama-STL: Ama-STL e-Radio Over IP (RoIP) asebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-Internet Protocol (IP) ukuze adlulisele amasiginali omsindo asuka esitudiyo aye endaweni yomthumeli. Nawu umehluko phakathi kwe-RoIP STL nezinye izinhlobo zama-STL:

1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Ama-RoIP STL adinga okokusebenza okukhethekile, njengamakhodekhi omsindo anikwe amandla yi-IP kanye nesofthiwe yokuxhumanisa idijithali, eklanyelwe ukusebenza ngamanethiwekhi e-IP.

2. Ukudluliswa komsindo noma kwevidiyo: Ama-STL e-RoIP angadlulisela kokubili amasiginali alalelwayo nawevidiyo, awenze alungele ukusakazwa kwe-multimedia.

3. Izinzuzo: Ama-STL e-RoIP anikeza isixazululo esivumelana nezimo nesikakalayo sokudlulisa umsindo ngamanethiwekhi e-IP. Bangahlinzeka ngokudluliswa komsindo kwekhwalithi ephezulu kumabanga amade, futhi bazuze ekhonweni lokusebenzisa izintambo ezikhona (i-Ethernet, njll.) noma ezingenantambo (Wi-Fi, LTE, 5G, njll.) ingqalasizinda, ehlinzeka ngendlela engabizi kakhulu futhi eguquguqukayo. ukufakwa.

4. Okubi: Ama-STL e-RoIP angathinteka ngenxa yokuminyana kwenethiwekhi futhi angase adinge i-hardware ezinikele ukuze kuqinisekiswe isignali ethembekile. Bangase futhi bathintwe izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokuphazanyiswa kwenethiwekhi, okuhlanganisa:

- Jitter: ukushintshashintsha okungahleliwe okungabangela ukuhlanekezela kwesignali yomsindo.
- Ukulahleka kwephakethe: ukulahlekelwa amaphakethe omsindo ngenxa yokuminyana kwenethiwekhi noma ukwehluleka.
Ukubambezeleka: ubude besikhathi phakathi kokudluliswa kwesiginali yomsindo evela estudiyo nokwamukelwa kwayo endaweni yomthumeli.

5. Ukuvama nokusakaza: Ama-RoIP STL asebenza ngamanethiwekhi e-IP, avumela ukusakazwa komhlaba wonke.

6. Amanani: Ama-STL e-RoIP angaba yisixazululo esingabizi kakhulu sokudluliswa komsindo ngamanethiwekhi e-IP, ngokuvamile asebenzisa ingqalasizinda ekhona.

I-7. Izicelo: Ama-STL e-RoIP avame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusakaza lapho kudingeka khona ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, ukunwebeka kanye nezindleko eziphansi, njengasemsakazweni we-inthanethi, umsakazo womphakathi omncane, inyuvesi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomsakazo wedijithali.

I-8. Abanye: Ama-RoIP STL anikezela ngesixazululo esiguquguqukayo, esingabizi kakhulu futhi esingaka sokudlulisa umsindo ngamanethiwekhi e-IP. Nokho, ukusebenza kwabo kungase kuthinteke i-jitter yenethiwekhi nokulahlekelwa kwephakethe, futhi badinga amathuluzi akhethekile nokusekelwa kwenethiwekhi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile kumabanga amade. Zidinga ukufakwa nokuqapha okuphrofeshinali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle.

Sekukonke, ama-STL e-RoIP anikezela ngesixazululo esiguquguqukayo, esingabizi kakhulu futhi esinokwehla sokudluliswa komsindo, kusetshenziswa amanethiwekhi akhona e-IP nengqalasizinda emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba zingathintwa izinkinga ezihlobene nenethiwekhi, ukusethwa okufanele, nokuqapha kungaqinisekisa isignali ethembekile kumabanga amade. Ama-RoIP STL ayisixazululo esikahle sokukhulisa izinzuzo ze-inthanethi namanethiwekhi asekelwe ku-IP ekudluliselweni komsindo, ukuhlinzeka ngengqalasizinda eyingozi, ephathekayo engavumela abasakazi ukuthi bafinyelele izethameli eziningi futhi balondoloze ukusebenza esikhathini esizayo.

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