I-Dipole Antenna 101 - Yonke Imibuzo Yakho Iphendulwe Endaweni Eyodwa

  

I-dipole iyi-antenna elula ehlanganisa induku yocingo eqhutshwayo ehlukaniswe phakathi futhi yahlukaniswa yisivikelo. Lolu hlobo lwe-antenna yomsakazo luzokhiqiza ubude begagasi ngokuphindwe kabili kunobude balo bokusebenza okuphezulu.

  

Kunzima ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngazo zonke izinkinga ze-antenna ye-dipole. Kunemininingwane eminingi engalungile, futhi kungaba inselele, nakochwepheshe kule ndawo, ukubona ukuthi yini oyihlolayo ku-inthanethi kanye nasendaweni.

  

Kungakho silapha ne-Dipole Antenna 101, lapho uzophendulwa khona yonke imibuzo yakho evamile.

  

I-Dipole Antenna 101

Ngezansi kuneminye imibuzo ejwayelekile ebuzwa abathandi bokuzilibazisa kanye namakhasimende enza ucwaningo lwawo ngothi. Gxila ukuze wazi zonke izixazululo.

  

  

I-Dipole Antennas Isetshenziselwa ini?

I-Dipole antenna ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezimpondo. Angasetshenziswa njengamasistimu azimele wodwa noma amasistimu ayinselele kakhulu ukuze akhiphe amandla futhi athumele imilayezo ebangeni elide.

  

Ifomu, isitayela, ubukhulu, kanye nokujwayelekile konke kuzoncika endleleni isihloko esisebenzisana ngayo namagagasi omsakazo, njengama-intercom ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokwamukela ukusakaza noma ukwamukela okuvamile komsakazo.

  

Njengoba HF Cord Dipole

I-HF cord dipole iyi-antenna evelele yama-transmitters omsakazo futhi futhi eyamukelayo ku-MF ne-HF ejwayelekile. Ngenkathi ukwakheka kwalesi simiso sesidlulisi/umamukeli sishintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusebenza kwayo kuyaqhubeka kufana:

  

   

Kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi amasiginali athunyelwe kulokhu okubili ahluka njalo ngaphandle kokuzikhandla. Imisakazo eminingi yabantu abayizimfundamakhwela isasebenzisa le antenna ngenxa yokuthi ithembeke kakhulu futhi iyathengeka kunamanye ama-antenna anemiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu noma izici eziningi ngokuvamile.

    

Isici sokushayela

I-antenna ye-dipole iyisici sokushayela kwe-antenna ye-Yagi. Imvamisa, lawa ma-antenna ayagoqwa ukuze ukumelana kwawo kuhambisane kangcono nolayini wokuphakelayo, futhi kuba nokulahlekelwa okuncane kwesignali ngezikhathi eziphakeme ngenxa yezingxenye ze-parasitic kwezinye izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezinhlobonhlobo.

  

  

Isakhiwo sisebenza kahle ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zokwamukela i-tv yasemhlabeni, ukuxhumana kwe-walkie-talkie, umsebenzi oyisisekelo womsakazo, njalonjalo.

   

Nikeza Ukuvikelwa Kwendawo Yonke

I-antenna ye-Dipole, lapho isetshenziswa ngokwayo njengothi oluphezulu naphansi lwe-polarized ukunikeza ukumbozwa kwe-omnidirectional. Ngokuvamile ingasetshenziswa ngale ndlela kumsakazo weselula okhethekile:

   

  

Lezi yizinhlelo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo wezindlela ezimbili ezixhumana futhi zigcine ukuxhumana nezinsizakalo noma ezinye izinkampani, ezihlanganisa izixazululo eziphuthumayo.

  

Umsebenzi Ngaphakathi Parabolic Reflector Antennas

Ama-antenna e-Parabolic reflector ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ekusebenzelaneni kwesathelayithi, i-radio astronomy, nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhumana oludinga isixhumanisi sebanga elide.

   

Lawa ma-antenna angama-parabolic asebenza ngokuqondisa amandla aphuma esicini esisodwa noma eziningi eziqhutshwayo ukuze ahlangane endaweni.

   

    

Angarekhodwa ngempumelelo ngesici esengeziwe sokuthola, njenge-dipole antenna ebekwe kuzo, ngakho amandla azo ayandiswa ngaphambi kokuwathumela emkhathini futhi.

   

Ungayisebenzisa nini i-Dipole Antenna?

Lapho usebenzisa i-antenna ye-dipole kukho kokubili ukuhanjiswa kanye nemisebenzi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele isiqondiso sesiginali yakho.

   

I-antenna edlulisayo ithumela imilayezo ngokuguqula amasignali kagesi abe amaza kazibuthe kagesi emyalweni owodwa othile, kuyilapho uthi olutholayo luguqula la maza afanayo abuyele kule miyalo yokuqala.

     

Ama-Dipoles ngokuvamile atholakala njengama-transmitter njengoba ahlinzeka ngokuqina kwesignali okungcono kakhulu lapho esakazwa ngamaleveli ancishisiwe wamandla kunamanye ama-antenna.

   

Noma kunjalo, ubungeke ukwazi nokwazi, nokho, kukhona izimpondo ze-dipole kuwo wonke umkhawulo wolayini wefoni yakho - eyodwa isebenza njengesidluliseli kanti enye njengomamukeli. Zivame ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo kuzo zombili iziphetho!

  

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-antenna ye-Half-wave dipole ivelele emsakazweni, ithelevishini, namanye amadivaysi okuxhumana angenantambo.

   

     

Kunokuba kube nezilungiselelo ezinzima kakhulu, zisetshenziswa, njengezimpondo ze-Yagi-Uda ezivame ukutholakala kumathelevishini asemhlabeni anemigqa ebhalansi kahle (Z 0 = 300 Ω).

   

Ama-Folded Dipoles athola indawo yawo phakathi kwamakhono okudlulisa abanzi afana nokusakazwa kwe-FM noma ukusakazwa kwe-TV. Angashunwa ukuze ahambisane nokungathinteki kolayini wokudlulisela phambili ngaphandle kokugcizelela ukumelana okufanayo ngokwazo.

  

I-VHF kanye nezinti ze-UHF zilungele kangcono izindawo zasoGwini, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni, ukuphepha komphakathi, kanye nokuxhumana komphakathi.

  

Banikezela ngamandla angcono kodwa amancane okudlulisa amasignali kunezinye izinhlobo ze-antenna, njenge-FM dipole antenna, eyasebenzisa ukuxhumana kwamaselula aphakathi nezwe.

   

I-parabolic reflector antennas ingatholakala kumanethiwekhi kamabonakude wesathelayithi njenge-DirecTV noma i-Meal Network. Bayisebenzisa njalo ngoba amakhasimende abo ahlala kude nemibhoshongo yohlelo ngenxa yezinkinga zendawo.

   

I-Dipole Antenna Wire Dimension

Ukwakha i-dipole kuwumsebenzi olula futhi oguquguqukayo ongenziwa ngezintambo zethusi eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-18. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi izohlomula nakanjani noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-antenna, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvamisa ingakanani kanye nobukhulu.

   

Intambo yethusi ingatholakala kuzo zombili izinhlobo eziboshiwe neziqinile, okubonisa ukuthi unokukhetha izintambo ezingenalutho noma ezifakwe ngaphakathi!

   

Ukuze wenze eyodwa, nika amandla ubuncane obungamafidi angu-17 (amamitha angu-10) ekugcineni kanye nama-intshi angu-6 ngaphezulu kakhulu ohlangothini ngalunye ukuze unamathisele izivikeli zakho zokugcina, ngemva kwalokho amayintshi angu-12 ngaphezulu, ngakho-ke zicishe zibe ngu-19 1/2 ubude uma qedile.

   

Ingabe i-Dipole Antennas iqondiswa?

I-antenna ye-dipole ibalwe iminyaka ngenxa yokuthi iyisakhiwo esiqondile esinikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Olunye lwezinhlelo ezivame kakhulu ze-dipole luqukethe ama-conductor angu-2 aqondiswe ekupheleni-ekupheleni, anikezwa amandla e-RF endaweni yawo emaphakathi ngokuxhunywa ngentambo ye-coax.

   

Kungase kube mkhulu kunomoya kanye nezinto; uhlose ukuthola amasignali omsakazo njengamatheminali kamabonakude kanye namasathelayithi okuxhumana.

    

Ama-Dipoles ama-antenna amafushane angasetshenziswa njengabamukeli abanamandla. Ukusika iphoyinti lokuphakelayo kuzolidala ukuthi lizwakale ngendlela ethile njengokungathi kukha izintambo zesiginci.

    

Ngosizo lwama-antenna e-dipole, ungakwazi ukusebenza kalula ngokuya ngobude obufunayo.

   

   

Le antenna ye-dipole efakwe phakathi nendawo iqukethe osayizi abangaphansi kwe-1/2 wave. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngenxa yenzuzo yayo kanye nempumelelo ekugijimeni amabanga amafushane kuyilapho igcina ukuqina okumangalisayo kokwamukela.

  

Iphethini yemisebe ye-dipole ye-half-wave incane. Le migqa emincane, engaguquguquki enephuzu eliphezulu elithe mpo ku-conductor yinhle kakhulu ekuthwebuleni amaza omsakazo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla esignali nayo ngokushesha njengoba iba iyintshi engcono ngakuwe.

   

Iwuthi oluyi-omnidirectional. Ifakwe phezulu naphansi. Noma kunjalo, ingaba nezimfanelo eziphakeme zokuqondisa lapho ifakwe ivundlile, ikwenze kube lula ukukhomba okuhlosiwe okuhlukile ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungisa isilungiselelo sakho noma iziqondiso eziqondisayo ukuze uthole umsebenzi ongcono!

   

Ingabe I-Dipole Antenna Iyadingeka Ukuze Igaywe

Ukubeka phansi kuyimfuneko yezimpondo ezithile ezifuna ukuba i-antenna imiswe, njengokuma kwekota-wave verticals.

   

Uma usebenzisa uhlobo "olugcwele" lwama-antenna afana nama-dipoles noma izindiza eziphansi, ukumisa phansi akubiziwe ngoba imisinga yemodi evamile iyavinjelwa ukuthi ingene kulayini wakho wokuphakelayo ngokuyigcina ingekho;

   

Noma kunjalo, ukusebenzisa isistimu yomoya enganele enezidingo zamanje ezinkulu kanye nezidingo zamandla (njenge-half-wave) kuzodinga ukubekwa phansi.

    

Lokhu kungavela ngokuxhumanisa ikhebuli eyodwa nesisekelo, lapho inamathiselwe khona ekugcineni kwayo, futhi enye intambo ingena emhlabeni/emhlabathini ukuze ithuthukise ukumelana okuncishisiwe okudingekayo lapho idlulisa amanani aphezulu wamandla e-radiofrequency kumafrikhwensi angaphansi kuka-30 MHz.

   

Uyigaya Kanjani I-Dipole Antenna?

I-antenna ye-dipole iyi-antenna enezingxenye ezimbili engaxhunywa phansi, nokho, lokhu akuvikeli lutho embanini.

   

Ukuzivikela kuvela ekubeni nendawo eyodwa yokungena esikhumulweni sezintambo zombili izingxenye zendawo kagesi esikhundleni sokuyixhuma endaweni eyodwa nje, okungaholela emaphuzwini amaningi abangele umonakalo.

   

Khipha uthi ngaphambi kwanoma yisiphi isiteleka esiqondile. Lokhu kuzonikeza ukuphepha okuthile futhi futhi kudingeka kwenziwe ngokushesha ukuze wehlise amathuba akho okushaywa.

   

Noma kunjalo, lapho nje inqanyuliwe esiteshini, yonke imisinga yomhlaba ingageleza ngayo, okusho ukuthi umbani ongaqondile ungase udale umonakalo nakuba umuntu evinjiwe ukuba abe nomthelela oqondile ngaphezu kwethu!

   

   

Ukuze ugxilise kahle i-antenna ye-dipole, unogada we-coax kufanele abekwe phansi. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ibhaluni efanele uma usebenzisa izifunzo ezimbalwa ezingalingani endaweni yokungena esiteshini sakho.

  

Uma kungenzeka, kungcono kakhulu ukuba nendawo yokuphakelayo bese uxhuma leyo ne-coax lapho i-transceiver ixhumeka khona ohlelweni lwakho ihoxise isakhiwo;

    

Lokhu kuzokwenza kube ngcono kakhulu i-RF grounding kanye ne-insulate ngokumelene ne-RFI elethwe izintambo zikagesi ezingomakhelwane, ezingase zivuse umsindo kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwama-antenna okuphakelayo omugqa olinganiselayo eduze kwawo.

    

Ukucaciswa okunjalo kungase kungatholakali kalula ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke namanje, gcina ezinye izenzo ezengeziwe njengokusebenzisa uxhumano olunesiphetho esisodwa ngaphandle (ngokuvikela umbani okufanele) phakathi kwesiphetho ngasinye sale migqa. Axhunywe okwesikhashana ngaphakathi ngesikhathi esifanayo.

   

Ingabe I-Dipole Antenna Idinga Ukuthi Iqonde?

Ukuze sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna, kufanele sithuthukise isitolimende sethu sicabanga ngendawo ethile.

  

Kungaba nengqondo ngathi ukuthi sicabangele izinto ezisemngceleni kanye nezinsongo ezingase zibe khona ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo, njengoba lokhu kungase kube inkinga noma okunye.

  

Ukubeka izimpondo kuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu kunalokho ongakukholelwa. Ama-antenna e-Dipole akudingekile ukuthi afakwe emugqeni ongakwesokudla, ovundlile futhi angagoba noma acwile uma kudingeka.

   

Nokho, khumbula ukuthi bangabaqhubi be-RF! Ukuze umise izingozi zokuphepha nokuvikeleka njengezintambo zikagesi ezithinta uthi lwakho, zibeke ngokuphephile kude nanoma iyiphi enye ikhondakta, umkhiqizo ovuthayo, kanye nangaphandle kokuthi abantu abadlulayo bangafinyeleleki.

   

Ikhanya Kanjani I-Dipole Antenna?

I-antenna ye-dipole iwuhlobo oluvamile lwe-antenna, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili zokuqhuba. Igama elithi "dipole" libonisa ukuthi i-dipole iqukethe lezi zikhala ezimbili noma izinto-- futhi lapho okukhona kugeleza kuzo, igagasi kagesi noma isignali yomsakazo izokhipha imisebe ngaphandle kwayo.

    

Ngokwemigomo ejwayelekile, kunamaphuzu ambalwa okudingeka ukwazi ngalolu hlobo: okokuqala, isici esikhiphayo (noma ingxenye) singahlukaniswa sibe into eyodwa (ebizwa ngokuthi ama-monopoles).

    

Okwesibili kukho konke, nakuba ngokuvamile ahlanganiswe ngokuyihlukanisa phansi phakathi nendawo, okusho futhi ukuthi amandla okudlulisela angase afike ngokuqondile;

   

Lapho izingxenye ezikhiphayo, noma "imilenze" zinde, ku-antenna ye-dipole, zisebenza kangcono kakhulu.

  

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isikhathi ngasinye lapho amandla athile efika esiphethweni sawo ngemva kokuthatha uhambo ehle ngomlenze owodwa wentambo, lelo nani elifanayo litholwa lihanjiswe kuyo yomibili imilenze ngesikhathi esisodwa njengoba liphindela emuva olunye uhambo lokuya nokubuya lizizungezile. .

   

Uyenza kanjani i-FM Dipole Antenna?

Akukaze kube lula ukukhiqiza i-antenna yakho ye-FM eyongayo, futhi awudingi futhi iworkshop! Ungenza eyodwa ku-attic noma igumbi lesistimu yokufulela ngezindleko ezincane.

   

   

Lawa ma-antenna afanelekile ezindaweni zangaphakathi zendlu yakho ezingenakho ukufinyeleleka kusignali yangaphandle njengamakamelo angaphansi kophahla. Angase aphinde asetshenziswe uma kukhona ngokushesha isidingo sesikhashana sokuthola okwengeziwe esizeni njengezikhathi ezenzeka ngaphandle ngezikhathi ezithile.

   

Ivumela ukuxoxa ngenqubo yokwenza i-FM Dipole Antenna:

   

Isinyathelo 1

Ukwenza i-antenna ye-FM Okokuqala, sika eyodwa yezintambo zakho phakathi futhi ukhumule ikota-intshi kuzo zombili iziphetho ukuze uveze intambo yethusi. Ngemuva kwalokho, lezo zintambo ezimbili zibe yiziyingi ezincane kuma-engeli afanelekile kuzo zonke ezinye (lokhu kuzokunikeza okufana no-X) ngokuhlanganiswa kokuxhumana nhlangothi zombili.

   

Isinyathelo 2

Manje thatha leyo ngxenye evulekile engakakhumulwa futhi uyinamathisele ngokuvikelekile ndawana thize lapho lezo zikhala zixhunywe hlehla zisuka kwenye -- kholwa ukugoqa!

   

Isikulufu sensimbi kufanele sisebenze, futhi, uma ungenalo uhlobo lothayi oluwusizo, Noma kunjalo, qiniseka ukuthi yonke into encane ihlala iyinhle futhi ilinganiselwe ukuze kungabikho izikhala phakathi kokusonteka kwendilinga ukuze imisinga yomoya idlule kuzo.

    

Isenzo 3

Ukwakheka kwe-antenna ye-dipole kubalulekile ukuze uthole umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu. Usayizi omkhulu wale gagasi lomsakazo ngokuqinisekile uzoba ngu-150 cm, okusho ukuthi amasentimitha angu-75 ohlangothini ngalunye.

   

Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthola iziteshi ezisakaza ngamaphesenti ancishisiwe angamashumi amahlanu ebhendi ye-FM ngoba amaza omsindo awela kulezi zindawo njalo kunezinye, futhi uma ufisa ukuba njalo kwakho kube phezulu, vele wehlise ngokuphathelene ne-5-10 CMS. cishe!

  

Ubukhulu bezintambo bungahlanganiswa ngentambo noma i-twine, okuzokwenza kube lula ukwakha noma yikuphi kusuka ezindlekweni zakho zekamelo eliphezulu ukuya endaweni evulekile ngezansi njenge-flooring degree.

   

Ungakwazi ukukala usayizi wentambo ngokuyiyisa ekugcineni kwayo futhi ungafaki noma iyiphi ingxenye esemafindo noma ephindeke kabili emuva.

   

Isenzo sokuvala lezi zintambo ngokuqinisekile sizokwengeza okuthile kuyo, okungase kuyenze ifise kakhulu imisebenzi yokwamukela. Kodwa-ke, ngenhlanhla, uma indlu yakho ifakwe izintambo ze-coax ezimisiwe, okumele ukwenze nje ukuxhumanisa enye nenye usebenzisa i-adaptha efanayo ekugcineni ngakunye.

    

Isinyathelo-4

Ukufaka i-antenna yakho kahle kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise isignali eqinile. Izinto zensimbi ngasekugcineni kothi zingaphazamisa ukwamukelwa, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi uyifaka kude nezinsimbi kanye nokunye okuvinjiwe okuhlukahlukene ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle!

    

Faka i-antenna endaweni yakho ephezulu ngemuva kokucabangisisa ngazo zonke izinketho zayo ezitholakala kalula. Ngemuva kwalokho beka isiphetho esisodwa esipikili bese kuthi okunye kuphele ngesisindo noma uhlobo oluthile ukuze ugweme noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ngokuwohloka. I-coax iholwa kude nama-engeli angcono kakhulu ukusuka kuleli phuzu, phezulu njengoba unganikeza lezi zinkinga!

    

Iyini i-Dipole Antenna egoqiwe?

Kuyizintuba emincane yentambo engenziwa ngokunamathisela ama-dipoles angama-half-wave angu-2 eceleni kwefomu lokuqala. Indawo yokuhlala yaleli khebula elincanyana noma lezentengiselwano liyafana ne-biquad kanye nezimpondo ze-monopole, nokho, inezici zayo futhi!

   

Womabili ama-halves anelisa endaweni yawo emaphakathi, lapho isiphetho ngasinye sixhunywa ngokufaka okunokulinganisela ukuze ube nama-currents alinganayo angena emikhawulweni yomibili.

    

Ngakho-ke, ithuthukisa isakhiwo esincane sokusingatha kalula ezikalini ezincane ngenxa yokuthi igumbi alifinyeleleki noma lincane kakhulu.

   

    

Iphethini evamile ye-dipole empeleni iyafana kakhulu, nokho, i-dipole egoqiwe inokungafinyeleleki okwengeziwe kunokwejwayelekile ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kanye nejometri. Lokho kuphakamisa ukuthi izoba nemisebe emincane kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile ngenxa yokuthi kukhona izimpondo ezimbili ngaphakathi esikhundleni sokukodwa nje.

   

Iyini i-Hertzian Dipole Antenna?

U-Heinrich Rudolph Hertz uthuthukise lolu hlobo lwe-antenna ye-dipole ngo-1886. Iwuthi olusekelwe ocingweni olungenziwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo losayizi wezintambo zikagesi ngento eshayelwa yi-RF esikhungweni.

   

Lezi zimpondo ziyasebenza futhi azikho inkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokuthi azinazo izingxenye ezifudukayo futhi zisebenza kahle ekudluliseni noma ekutholeni amandla omsakazo ngendlela obungawafisa ngayo nawe!

    

   

I-amplitude ekhona iyehla ngokulinganayo kulawa, iqala ngokusemandleni ayo endaweni futhi igcine ingekho ngokuphelele ekugcineni, okuyenza ilungele ukuthumela umlayezo wakho kuyo yonke le ndawo eshintsha umhlaba esiyibiza ngokuthi iPlanethi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla amaningi kakhulu!

   

Kungani Ama-Dipole Antenna EyiHalf-Wave Long?

Ama-antenna e-Dipole ayindlela enhle yokusebenzisa amandla amaza omsakazo. Intambo eyakha lolu hlobo lwe-antenna ingancishiswa futhi igobe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi ufisa kanjani ukuthi ikhiphe isignali yayo (okungukuthi, ukuthumela amaza kagesi).

   

Isibonelo esidumile kungaba i-dipole ye-half-wave, equkethe izindawo ezi-2 ezithintana neziphetho zazo zifinyeziwe, ezilingana ngogesi.

   

Njengokungathi ingxenye eyodwa inqunywe phakathi nendawo ngokuvundlile futhi ngemva kwalokho yaxhunywa kabusha endaweni yesikhungo ngokuma mpo!

   

   

Imvamisa ehlukahlukene ye-dipole ye-half-wave, engu-3KHz ukuya ku-300GHz, empeleni ibisetshenziswa ezamukeli zomsakazo iminyaka.

   

Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-antenna ingakwazi ukucosha amasignali kuwo wonke amaza kulo mkhakha obanzi futhi iwanikeze njengesignali kagesi ezokhuliswa ezinye izingxenye ezihlukahlukene.

  

Lezi zimpondo zivame ukusetshenziswa emisakazweni nakomabonakude ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Futhi zingahlanganiswa nezinye izinhlobo zezimpondo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, njengalapho kusakazwa amasiginali emhlabeni jikelele.

    

Iyini i-Balun? Kungani Sidinga Lokho ku-Dipole Antenna?

   

   

Ukuhunyushwa

Ama-baluns asetshenziswa njenge-transformer kagesi eguqula amandla emugqeni olinganiselayo ukuze aphume ngaphandle kwebhalansi.

   

Imisinga kagesi ingathunyelwa ngentambo yaphansi bese ishintshwa ibe amandla awusizo kumadivayisi amaningi angaphakathi kwendlu yakho noma esakhiweni ngokusebenzisa lezi ziguquli ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-baluns.

   

Izinhlobo ze-Balun

Kukhona ama-balun amaningi, nokho, kokubili avelele kakhulu kanye nalawo avame ukusetshenziswa ama-voltage-baluns nama-current-baluns.

    

Amandla kagesi, kanye namabhaluni akhona, asetshenziselwa ukuguqula amazinga kagesi abe uhlobo lwamandla angasetshenziswa amagajethi kagesi, ikakhulukazi ekudluliseni amasignali kagesi.

    

Nakuba ingekho inketho elingana nosayizi owodwa yokwakha indlu esebenzayo noma inethiwekhi yenhlangano, ukusebenzisa i-voltage noma i-balun ekhona ngokuqinisekile kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungakwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo kusuka kwelinye ithuluzi kuye kwelinye kunethiwekhi yakho engenantambo.

    

Kungani Sidinga I-Balun?

Kungasiza uma une-balun ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-antenna yakho ixhumeke kahle futhi isebenza ngawo wonke amandla ayo. Indlu evamile noma ifemu ngokuqinisekile izoba nezintambo ezihamba kuyo, eduze kwezinto zensimbi, futhi ezisekelwe yizintambo ukuze amandla aqhubeke ehamba ngendlela engavamile.

   

Lawa maza kagesi angaphazamisa amaza omsakazo adluliswa esuka ocingweni olusemoyeni njenge-dipole antenna.

    

Inkinga ayizange ibonakale lapho kusetshenziswa umuntu oxhumene ne-balun lapho ethumela khona kalula ngemigqa ye-coaxial kunokuphazanyiswa amanye amasistimu, njengezintambo zikagesi zezindawo zokuhlala, ezingase zidale ukuphazamiseka ekuqineni kwesignali yokusakaza.

  

   

Nge-balun, i-antenna yakho ye-dipole, kanye nesistimu yakho kagesi, avikelekile ekuphazamisekeni kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamandla angaphandle. Izintambo zikagesi ezinikeza amandla ezindlini zakho ziletha ukuzulazula kwamandla kagesi ezizungeze izinto ezenziwe ngensimbi noma ukungcola, okuphazamisa ukuhamba kahle.

   

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi afakwe amagajethi avikelekile njengama-transformer avimbela ukuzulazula kwemisinga ekubhidlizeni ukuxhumana.

   

Kusho ukuthi ukhetha ukungasebenzisi i-balun lapho uxhuma izintambo zakho ze-antenna. Kuleso simo, kuhlale kunosongo lokuzulazula kwemisinga efaka ukuphazamiseka komsakazo kuwo futhi kuphazamise ukuxhumana kwawo.

    

I-Dipole Antenna vs. Omni

Umqondo we-antenna ye-omnidirectional umane uwumbono wezemfundo. Ayikho into efana neyodwa ngoba ngokuqinisekile kungaba nzima ukwenza kabusha amaphethini emisebe ayo yonke imiyalelo evela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwephoyinti elilodwa emkhathini;

     

Ngakho-ke noma ungenza enye ngento ngaphandle kwensimbi futhi uthumele amasignali ngayo-- uthuli lwesifunda noma amanzi, okuyindaba ephikisana namagagasi afana nezimpondo ezijwayelekile-- awakwazanga ukufinyelela yonke into encane ngesikhathi esisodwa.

    

I-dipole ye-half-wavelength ingenye yezimpondo ezilula zokuthumela amaza omsakazo. Isebenza ngokuthumela isignali kuma-engeli afanelekile ukusuka endaweni yayo emaphakathi, njengamandandatho angu-2 anothi oluvulekayo.

    

Lokhu kukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe abalulekile angabanjwa futhi adluliselwe kuwo wonke amaphuzu aseduze kodwa hhayi ngokuqondile noma phansi ngenxa yokuthi lezo zimpawu zizongena entweni ethile njengoba zithatha uhambo oluya phansi kakhulu ngaphambi kokufika kunoma ubani. umamukeli.

  

    

I-antenna evundlile ye-dipole iyaqondisa, inkulu ngokuqondile emaceleni kodwa ayiphumi kunoma yimuphi umkhawulo. Indlela yokuthuthukisa lokhu kuqondisa ebizwa ngokuthi "ukujika" ikhebula ingasetshenziswa uma ufisa isignali yakho ohlangothini olulodwa olukhulu kunezinye;

   

Noma kunjalo, kudinga ikhono elithile kanye nobuchwepheshe mayelana nendlela ama-antenna asebenza kahle ngayo ngaphambi kokuzama noma yini enjalo elungiselelweni langempela.

   

Njengamanje, Uma uqhathanisa i-Omni ne-dipole ngamandla alinganayo, kuyacaca ukuthi kukhona ukuqondisa okwengeziwe okuvela kuma-dipoles. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi noma-ke, ukuqedwa okukhishiwe kwe-antenna ngayinye kuzokhishwa izinhlangothi zayo.

   

Umehluko phakathi kwazo ungahluka kuze kufike izikhathi ezingu-1.5 phezulu kwezinye izimpondo kunabanye kuncike ekumeni kwazo maqondana nezinkambu zomunye (ngakho lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi zingase zikhiphe noma zicwiliswe amandla).

   

I-Dipole Antenna vs Monopole

Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-dipole antenna kanye ne-monopole ukuthi okokugcina kubiza i-radiator eyengeziwe ekhiqiza indiza yaphansi, kanti eyokuqala ayikwenzi.

   

Umqhubi wangaphakathi wekhebula le-coax unamathisela amazinga angaphandle kwesigaba angu-180 nabaqhubi bangaphandle ukuze asebenze njengengxenye ye-antenna ye-dipole.

   

Kulolu hlobo lomklamo, kudingeka kuphela kube nezixhumanisi kuzo zombili iziphetho, ngakho-ke azikho izingxenye ezinemininingwane njengoba ngokuqinisekile ungazithola kwezinye izitayela, njengalezo ezisebenzisa izintambo ze-RCA noma izindlebe zonogwaja.

    

Vele uwaxhume ngqo kumamukeli wakho! I-monopole enendiza eyisithenjwa isezingeni eliphansi; lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi sinokuthile okuphathekayo okubalwe ngezansi kwethu okusebenza njengendawo yethu ekhipha imisebe.

    

Ama-monopoles nama-dipole antenna womabili anamaphethini emisebe afanayo. Kodwa-ke, ama-antenna e-Monopolar ahlangabezana neqiniso lokuthi ahlukene futhi kwezinye izinhlobo zamaza omsakazo.

   

Ukwakheka kwe-antenna ye-monopole kuvame ukukhawulela, njengoba ubukhulu bayo budinga izici zekholi ezinciphisa ukusebenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-dipoles alula kakhulu futhi angabekwa kahle ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuyeka ukusebenza kahle.

   

    

Ama-antenna e-Dipole ajwayeleke kakhulu kune-monopoles, okubonisa ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo ze-dipole. Olunye lwezinhlobo ezikhethwa kakhulu i-antenna ye-wavelength enguhhafu engabonwa ezindaweni eziningi njengomsakazo we-AM kanye namasiginali kamabonakude kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesignali yamaza aphansi asolwandle.

    

Ama-Monopoles anezinhlobonhlobo ezimbalwa, nokho, asasetshenziselwa ukudlulisa okufana nemisakazo yezimoto noma izithumeli zezinhlelo. Izintambo eziningana zaphansi zinikeza ukuthuthukisa amaphethini emisebe ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okungcono kokusakaza ngokuphazamiseka okuncane kakhulu okuvela kweminye imithombo.

   

I-Dipole Antenna vs. Long Cord

I-antenna ende yekhebula igajethi ethile eyakhiwe kusukela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo losayizi bensimbi, njengethusi noma i-aluminium. Iwucezu olulodwa lwensimbi oluqondile ngendlela yalo eyisisekelo, futhi akukho okunye—njengoba nje negama lisho!

   

Izintambo ezinde zithembeka kuphela uma uzigxilisa ngandlela thize ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi zithola amasiginali (mhlawumbe ngokubeka phansi emikhawulweni yomibili ngesigxobo seplanethi noma ngokuxhuma ngqo kumamukeli wakho).

   

Isitayela esijwayelekile sizosebenza ngokujwayelekile kumafrikhwensi e-HF afika ku-30 ​​MHz, kodwa uma unesikhathi esengeziwe ezandleni zakho, izinhlobo eziningi zenza kangcono kakhulu uma zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo ezijwayelekile.

   

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-antenna ye-dipole iwuhlobo olusebenzayo nolungenzima lwe-antenna. Ingakhiwa ngendlela efanayo nezinti zocingo ezinde ngokulungiswa okuncane nje, okuhlanganisa nokugcina izinto ekugcineni ukuze igcine ibhukuqeke ngokuzihambela kwayo.

    

Kungenjalo, kusetshenziswa izintambo ezingu-2 ngosayizi ophakanyisiwe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi yesiginali eyeqile. Ama-Dipoles angagijima phakathi kwe-HF aye phezulu ngobubanzi be-UHF ngokumane aguqule usayizi wekhebula olisebenzisayo.

    

Uma abantu abaningi becabanga ngothi, bacabanga ngomshini othatha amaza omsakazo bese uwaguqulela ekubeni amasignali kagesi asebenzayo. I-dipole yenza into eqhathanisekayo nokho ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthi ugesi usekelwe ukuze usebenze kahle.

  

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-antenna entambo ende ancike ekusekelweni ngePlanethi njengengxenye yenqubo yawo.

  

Noma kunjalo, uma ibekwe ezindaweni eziphakeme njengezigxobo noma imibhoshongo lapho kungekho okunye okwakha umakhelwane (ngaphandle kwaphansi), ukuvikela umbani kuba kuncane ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kakhulu neziteleka ezingase zibe khona.

  

Kahle Kanjani Ukunquma Ikhono Lokudluliswa kwe-Dipole Antenna?

Umkhawulokudonsa we-antenna ye-dipole inqunywa ifomula, Umthamo wokudlulisa = f max - f min. Lokhu kumela ukulungiswa okuhle kakhulu kwefrikhwensi okuthi uthi olungakufanela ngenkathi lusasebenza kahle kakhulu.

   

Yazisa nje ukuthi ungakanani umehluko okufanele ube khona phakathi kwamafrikhwensi aphansi kanye nawo aphezulu ukuze kulungiswe kahle. Njengesibonelo, uma usebenzisana nebhendi kusuka ku-100 kuye ku-200 MHz ngemva kwalokho Δf izoba ngu-50MHz (200-100=50).

   

Kwezinye izimo, sidinga ukwazi isamba sebanga eliphelele lezinto ezijwayelekile lapho ama-dipoles enziwa ukuze asebenze ngoba anomakhonsana wezenzo ahlukene ekugcineni ngakunye kobubanzi bomklamo wawo.

   

Umuntu angase asebenze kangcono eduze nendawo okunqamuke kuyo eduze ne-DC kodwa engafanele lapho eshunywe eduze nendawo enkulu yesitayela sayo lapho i-antenna eyodwa ingcono kakhulu.

   

Lokhu kungahluka kuye ngokuthi iluhlobo luni noma ibhrendi, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi uthenga eklanyelwe ibhendi oyidingayo ukuthi ibe kuyo. Umthamo wokudluliswa kwe-antenna ye-dipole kufanele ngokujwayelekile ihluke kokuthi Δf = 0 (awukho umehluko phakathi kwamafrikhwensi ancishisiwe naphezulu) kuya ku-λ/20 (a 20% ukuguqulwa).

   

Umthetho ojwayelekile omuhle uzoba: uma ukujwayela kwakho kwehla ngaphakathi kwaleli windi, khona-ke ngeke kube khona noma yiluphi uhlobo lokucekela phansi okubonakalayo noma ukuhlanekezela kukho konke.

   

Kodwa-ke, uma ukujwayela kwakho kwehlela ngale kwaleli windi lasekhaya, ungase ubhekane nezinkinga ezithile ngokulahleka kwesignali kanye nokuphazamiseka.

   

Isibonelo, uma sine-antenna ku-145MHz lapho izinga lethu eliphakeme kakhulu liqala ngo-160MHz futhi ligcina cishe ngo-180 MHz, ngemva kwalokho Δf=30MHz, okubonisa ukuthi sizobhekana nokungasebenzi kahle kokwehla kanye nomsindo othuthukisiwe.

   

Sengiphetha!

   

Kunezici eziningi ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha i-dipole antenna ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa komuntu ngamunye noma ukuzuza kochwepheshe. I-Dipole Antenna 1010 ixazulule omunye wemibuzo evamile mayelana nalezi zimpondo, ngenhloso yokusiza labo kini abacabanga ngokuthola okwengeziwe.