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Izixhumi ze-Coax

Isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial yisixhumi sikagesi esisetshenziselwa ukunamathisela idivayisi yangaphandle, njengothi, kukhebuli yamakhoaxial. Lezi zixhumi zibalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho nokwethembeka kwamasiginali wefrikhwensi yomsakazo (RF) asakazwayo asuka kumsakazi we-FM.

Kunamagama afanayo ambalwa esixhumi sekhebula eliqinile, okuhlanganisa isixhumi se-RF, isixhumi sefrikhwensi yomsakazo, nesixhumi se-coax. Lawa magama avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana ukuze abhekisele kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesixhumi esisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izintambo zamakhoaxial noma izintambo zokudlulisela kumaza omsakazo.

Isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial sihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: isixhumi sowesilisa esixhunywe kuntambo ye-coaxial, kanye nesitsha esixhunywe kudivayisi okuzoxhunywa kuyo ikhebula. Lezi zixhumi ziklanyelwe ukugcina i-impedance engaguquki yesiginali ye-RF ngesixhumi, njengoba ukungafani kwe-impedance kungaholela ekubonakaleni kwesignali nokulahlekelwa.

Isixhumi sisebenza ngokusebenzisa ikhondakta emaphakathi yekhebula elikhoaxial, eliphethe isignali ye-RF, ukuze uxhumane nesokhethi ehambisanayo kwisitsha socingo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhondukta yangaphandle yentambo ye-coaxial, ebizwa ngokuthi isihlangu, icindezelwa eduze kwesixhumi esingaphandle se-receptacle ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhumana futhi kuqedele ukuvikela isignali ye-RF.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ezitholakala emakethe, ezinemiklamo ehlukene nezici. Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zezixhumi zentambo ye-coaxial zifaka i-BNC, N-type, SMA, kanye nezixhumi zohlobo lwe-F. Uhlobo lwesixhumi esisetshenzisiwe luncike ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza, njengobubanzi befrikhwensi yesiginali, ukuphuma kwamandla, nokusebenza okufunayo.

Isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial sibalulekile ekusakazeni njengoba sihlinzeka ngoxhumano oluphephile noluthembekile phakathi kwentambo ye-coaxial noma ulayini wokudlulisela kanye nothi noma isidlulisi. Izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ziklanyelwe ukunikeza ukulahlekelwa okuphansi, ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa, kanye nokuvinjelwa kukagesi okuzinzile, okuyizinto zonke ezibalulekile ezidingekayo kusignali yekhwalithi yokusakaza yomsakazo.

Kuhlelo lwe-antenna lokusakaza lomsakazo oluchwepheshile, ukukhetha kwesixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ikhwalithi yesiginali yokusakaza. Izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zekhwalithi ephezulu zinikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokudlulisa isignali, izakhiwo ezinhle zokuvikela, nokuvikela okuphakeme, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umsindo nokuphazamiseka okuvela emithonjeni yangaphandle engase yehlise ikhwalithi yesignali. Isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial esisezingeni eliphansi singabangela ukuncishiswa kwesignali, ukuboniswa, noma ukuwohloka, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla okudlulisela, futhi ekugcineni, kwehle ikhwalithi yesignali yokusakaza.

Esinye isizathu sokuthi kungani isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial sekhwalithi ephezulu sibalulekile ohlelweni lwe-antenna yokusakaza emsakazweni ukuthi singanciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bokuhluleka kwemishini. Isixhumi sekhwalithi ephezulu sizogcina ukuxhumeka okuvikelekile isikhathi eside futhi mancane amathuba okuthi siphuke, singahambi kahle, noma siwohloke esimweni sezulu esibi noma esishintshayo.

Ukubaluleka kwezixhumi zezintambo ze-coaxial zokusakazwa kwe-FM angeke kugcizelelwe. Izixhumi ezisezingeni eliphansi noma izixhumi ezingafakwanga kahle zingaba nomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi namandla esiginali ye-RF edluliswayo. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwesignali, ukuphazamiseka, nolwazi lokulalela okonakele ezithamelini zesiteshi.

Kafushane, isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial siyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu ye-antenna yokusakaza yomsakazo ngoba sisungula ukuxhumana okuthembekile, okulahlekelwa kancane okubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukuncishiswa kwesignali, umsindo, nokuphazamiseka. Ngokunciphisa ubungozi bokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini, izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ziqinisekisa isignali yokusakaza yekhwalithi ephezulu engashintshi. Ngamandla abo okugcina ukuxhumana okuzinzile, okuphansi kokulahlekelwa phakathi kwedivayisi yangaphandle kanye nekhebula le-coaxial, bathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwesignali edlulisiwe. Kubalulekile ukukhetha nokufaka izixhumi ezifanele zekhebula le-coaxial ngendlela efanele ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwezisakazi ze-FM futhi ulethe ukusakazwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza zama-tpyes ahlukene wezixhumi zekhebula le-coax?
Izinhlobo ezihlukene zezixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene futhi zifakwe ngokuhlukile ngokusekelwe kumongo othile ezizosetshenziswa kuwo. Nakhu ukubuka kabanzi kwezinye izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ezivame kakhulu, izinhlelo zazo zokusebenza, nokuthi zifakwa kanjani:

1. Izixhumi ze-BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman): Izixhumi ze-BNC zivame ukusetshenziswa kumafrikhwensi omsakazo nasezinhlelweni zevidiyo, okuhlanganisa nokusakaza kwe-FM. Zidumile ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphansi, ukusebenziseka kalula, kanye nendlela yokuxhuma ngokushesha/ukunqamula. Izixhumi ze-BNC zifakwa ngokuslayida isixhumi kuntambo ye-coaxial, ukuguqula indlela ye-bayonet kuze kube yilapho ichofoza endaweni, bese ugoqa ikhola, ucindezela ihawu ngokumelene nesixhumi nokwenza uxhumano olunentambo nge-ferrule yangaphandle. Izixhumi ze-BNC zingasetshenziswa nezinhlobo ezehlukene zekhebula le-coaxial, okuhlanganisa i-RG-59 ne-RG-6.

2. Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N: Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zidumile ukuthi zisetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zokusakaza ze-FM ngoba zinikeza isivikelo esihle futhi zigcina i-impedance engaguquki ebangeni elibanzi lefrikhwensi. Avame ukusetshenziswa nama-transmitters anamandla aphezulu futhi angakwazi ukuphatha amaza afika ku-11 GHz. Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N ngokuvamile ziluchungechunge, ezidinga ukuthi i-coax ixhunywe kusixhumi sowesilisa futhi iqiniswe kusetshenziswa isikrufu. Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zivame ukusetshenziswa ngezintambo zekhwalithi ephezulu ze-coaxial, njenge-RG-213 noma i-LMR-400.

3. Izixhumi ze-SMA (Subminiature Version A): Izixhumi ze-SMA zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa ukusakaza kwe-FM, ukuxhumana okungenantambo, ne-GPS. Zidumile ukuze zisetshenziswe nemishini edinga isixhumi esincane, esihlangene. Izixhumi ze-SMA zivame ukusetshenziswa nezintambo ezincane ze-coaxial njenge-RG-174 noma i-RG-58, futhi zinamathiselwe ngokuxhuma isixhumi kuntambo ye-coaxial. Izixhumi ze-SMA nazo ziyatholakala ngedizayini ye-reverse-polarity ukuze isetshenziswe ku-inthanethi engenantambo namanethiwekhi weselula.

4. Izixhumi zohlobo luka-F: Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-F zivame ukusetshenziswa kumabonakude wekhebula kanye nezinhlelo ze-TV zesathelayithi. Zibuye zisetshenziswe kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusakaza ze-FM, njengokuxhuma okuphumayo kwesisakazi somsakazo we-FM kunothi oluyi-omnidirectional. Izixhumi zohlobo luka-F zifakwa ngokusonta isixhumi ekucupheni kwentambo ye-coaxial. Lezi zixhumi ngokuvamile zilungele ukusetshenziswa nezintambo ze-RG-6 ne-RG-59 coaxial.

Ukukhethwa kwesixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial kuncike kuhlelo lokusebenza, ibanga lemvamisa, izidingo zamandla, kanye nokusebenza okufiswayo. Ngokuvamile, izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zifakwa ngokuslayida kukhebuli ye-coaxial, bese zivikelwa kusetshenziswa umshini wohlobo lwe-bayonet. Ukufakwa kwesixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial yekhwalithi enhle kuzoqinisekisa ukuxhumeka okulahlekelwa kancane, ukuvikela okuhle nokubeka phansi, kanye nokudluliswa kwesignali okuthembekile.

Kafushane, izinhlobo ezihlukene zezixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene nezidingo zokufakwa kuye ngezidingo ezithile zokusakaza kwe-FM nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokudlulisa isignali. I-BNC, i-N-type, i-SMA, nezixhumi zohlobo lwe-F ngezinye zezinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zezixhumi ze-coaxial ekusakazeni kwe-FM. Ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile lwesixhumi nokusifaka ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukudluliswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi bokuphazamiseka noma ukulahleka kwesignali.
Ingabe izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zingasetshenziswa ngezintambo zokudlulisela eziqinile?
Izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zingasetshenziswa nemigqa yokudlulisela eqinile, kodwa izinhlobo ezithile zezixhumi ze-coaxial ziklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa nemigqa eqinile. Izintambo zokudlulisela eziqinile zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamandla aphezulu lapho amabanga phakathi kwe-RF amplifier kanye nothiyo emafishane uma kuqhathaniswa, nalapho ukulahlekelwa okuphansi namandla okubamba amandla adingekayo.

Olunye uhlobo oludumile lwesixhumi olusetshenziswa emigqeni yokudlulisela eqinile isixhumi sohlobo lwe-N. Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N ziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa ngamakhebuli angama-coaxial asebenza kahle kanye nemigqa yokudlulisela eqinile. Atholakala kuzo zombili izinguqulo ezingu-50 ohm kanye nama-75 ohm, okuwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa kokubili ukusakazwa kwe-FM nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-RF ezinamandla aphezulu.

Ezinye izinhlobo zezixhumi ze-coaxial, njengezixhumi ze-BNC noma ze-SMA, ngokuvamile azisetshenziswa emigqeni yokudlulisela eqinile njengoba ayakhelwe ukuphatha amazinga aphezulu wamandla ahlobene nalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza. Esikhundleni salokho, izixhumi ezisetshenziswa nezintambo zokudlulisa eziqinile zivame ukukalelwa amandla kagesi aphezulu namandla aphezulu, ezinokwakhiwa okuqinile nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ukumelana nobunzima bokudluliswa kwamandla aphezulu.

Kafushane, izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zingasetshenziswa ngemigqa yokudlulisela eqinile, kodwa izinhlobo ezithile kuphela zezixhumi ezifanele ukusetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu kanye ne-high-voltage. Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N ziyikhethelo elidumile elingasetshenziswa emigqeni yokudlulisela eqinile, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwazo okuqinile, izilinganiso zamandla aphezulu, nokuxhumeka okulahlekelwa kancane entanjeni yokudlulisela. Ezinhlelweni zokusakaza ze-FM, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwesixhumi sohlelo oluthile kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokuthembeka.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zesixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial kanye nomehluko wazo?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekusakazweni komsakazo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezici zazo ezibalulekile:

1. BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman): Lolu uhlobo lwesixhumi se-RF esixhuma ngokushesha esinomshini wokuhlanganisa wesitayela se-bayonet. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusakaza ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nokwakhiwa okumangelengele. Izixhumi ze-BNC zincane uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi zisetshenziselwa kakhulu izintambo zokudlulisela ezinobubanzi obungaphansi kwamayintshi angu-0.5.

2. N-Uhlobo: Lesi isixhumi se-RF esiluchungechunge esivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga amazinga aphezulu wamandla, njengalawo asetshenziswa ekusakazeni kukamabonakude. Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N ngokuvamile zinokwethenjelwa okuphezulu nokuxhumeka okuphephile uma kuqhathaniswa nezixhumi ze-BNC.

3. I-SMA (inguqulo A ye-SubMiniature): Lesi isixhumi se-RF esiluchungechunge esivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho usayizi uyinkinga, njengasezintweni zokusakaza eziphathwayo. Izixhumi ze-SMA zinezakhiwo zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu, noma kunjalo, azenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu.

4. F-Uhlobo: Lesi isixhumi se-RF esiluchungechunge esivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zekhebula nezesathelayithi. Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-F zinezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi kulula ukuzifaka, kodwa azithembekile noma aziqinile njengezinye izinhlobo zezixhumi.

5. TNC (I-Threaded Neill-Concelman): Lesi isixhumi se-RF esiluchungechunge esivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga amasignali amaza aphezulu, njengasezokuxhumana ngesathelayithi noma izinhlelo ze-radar. Izixhumi ze-TNC zenzelwe ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokushaqeka, okuzenza zilungele izindawo ezimazombezombe.

Ngokuya ngezinzuzo kanye nokubi, uhlobo ngalunye lwesixhumi lunesethi yalo yezici ezihlukile. Isibonelo, izixhumi ze-BNC zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusakaza ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi kanye nokwakhiwa okumangelengele, kuyilapho izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamandla aphezulu ngenxa yokuthembeka kwazo okuphezulu. Izixhumi ze-SMA ziyinketho ekahle yemishini yokusakaza ephathekayo ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuncane, kuyilapho izixhumi zohlobo lwe-F zivame ukusetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zethelevishini zekhebula nezesathelayithi ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphansi kanye nokufaka kalula. Izixhumi ze-TNC zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zemvamisa ephezulu ngenxa yekhono lazo lokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokushaqeka.

Intengo yohlobo ngalunye lwesixhumi izohluka kuye ngomkhiqizi, kodwa ngokuvamile, izixhumi zohlobo lwe-BNC no-F zivame ukubiza kancane, kuyilapho izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N kanye ne-TNC zingabiza kakhulu ngenxa yokuthembeka kwazo okuphezulu nokuqina.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nezintambo ezihambisanayo zamakhoaxial noma izintambo zokusakaza eziqinile zincike ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lokusakaza. Amakhebuli angama-coaxial ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuguquguquka nokulula kokufaka, njengamathuluzi aphathekayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izintambo zokudlulisela eziqinile zivame ukusetshenziswa ekufakweni okuhlala njalo lapho ukuzinza kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngokuya ngesakhiwo esiyisisekelo nokucushwa, zonke izixhumi ze-coaxial zihlanganisa isixhumi sowesilisa noma sowesifazane esinamathiselwe ekupheleni kwentambo ye-coaxial noma umugqa wokudlulisela oqinile. Isixhumi sowesilisa ngokuvamile siba nephinikhodi emaphakathi exhuma ku-conductor omaphakathi wekhebuli noma ulayini wokudlulisela, kuyilapho isixhumi sowesifazane sinesokhethi ethola iphinikhodi emaphakathi yesixhumi sowesilisa.

Ezinye izixhumi zingaba ne-flange noma idizayini engaphenduki, kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza. Izixhumi ezingaphenduki zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho isikhala sinqunyelwe, kuyilapho izixhumi ezine-flanged zisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho uxhumano oluvikeleke kakhulu noma oluzinzile ludingeka khona.

Izindlela zokufaka ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesixhumi kanye nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Ezinye izixhumi zingase zidinge ithuluzi elikhethekile lokugwedla noma ezinye izinto zokusebenza ukuze zifakwe, kuyilapho ezinye zingafakwa kusetshenziswa isikrufu esilula noma izidladla.

Ngokuya ngosayizi nokubukeka, osayizi bezixhumi bangasukela kuzixhumi ezincane kakhulu ze-SMA kuye kwezixhumi ezinkulu zohlobo lwe-N. Ukubukeka kwesixhumi kuzoncika kumkhiqizi kanye nomklamo othize wesixhumi, kodwa zonke izixhumi zizoba nohlobo oluthile lwamaphuzu okuxhumana owesilisa nowesifazane.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lapho ukhetha isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial sokusakaza umsakazo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isixhumi sihambisana nekhebula elihambisanayo noma ulayini wokudlulisa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isixhumi sinezinga elilungile lokuvimbela, okuvamise ukuba ngu-50 ohms noma 75 ohms ezinhlelweni eziningi zokusakaza.

Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukucabangela izimo zemvelo lapho isixhumi sizosetshenziswa khona. Isibonelo, izixhumi ezisetshenziswa ekufakweni kokusakaza kwangaphandle kungase kudingeke ukuthi zimelane nesimo sezulu, kuyilapho izixhumi ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu noma ezinomswakama ophezulu zingadinga ukuklanywa ukuze zimelane nalezo zimo.

Sekukonke, uhlobo lwesixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial olusetshenziswa ekufakweni kokusakaza luzoncika ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza, izinhlobo zezintambo noma izintambo zokudlulisa ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nezimo zemvelo lapho izixhumi zizofakwa khona. Ngokucabangela lezi zici ngokucophelela nokukhetha isixhumi esifanele esimweni ngasinye, abasakazi bangaqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwesignali okuthembekile nekhwalithi ephezulu ekufakeni kwabo.
Ungakhetha kanjani isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial ngokusekelwe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza?
Lapho ukhetha isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusakaza, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ububanzi obudingekayo befrikhwensi, amaleveli wamandla ahilelekile, kanye nezimfuneko ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Nayi eminye imihlahlandlela evamile yokukhetha isixhumi ezinhlelweni zokusakaza ezivamile:

1. Ukusakaza kwe-UHF: Ukusakaza kwe-UHF ngokuvamile kudinga izixhumi ezikwazi ukuphatha amasignali amaza aphezulu, njengezixhumi ze-TNC noma ze-N. Lezi zixhumi zinebanga eliphezulu lefrikhwensi futhi zingaphatha amazinga aphezulu wamandla, okuzenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-UHF.

2. Ukusakaza kwe-VHF: Ukusakaza kwe-VHF ngokuvamile kusebenza kumafrikhwensi aphansi kune-UHF, futhi ngokuvamile kudinga izixhumi ezikwazi ukuphatha amazinga aphansi wamandla. Izixhumi ze-BNC zivame ukukhetha okuhle ezinhlelweni ze-VHF, njengoba zingakwazi ukuphatha amaza afika cishe ku-4 GHz futhi zinezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.

3. Ukusakaza kwe-FM: Ukusakaza kwe-FM ngokuvamile kudinga izixhumi ezikwazi ukuphatha amazinga wamandla aphezulu kune-VHF noma i-UHF, kanye namasignali ekhwalithi ephezulu. Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zivame ukukhetha okuhle ezinhlelweni ze-FM ngenxa yamandla azo okuphatha amandla aphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yesiginali enhle kakhulu.

4. AM iyasakaza: Ukusakaza kwe-AM kuvame ukusebenza ngamaza aphansi ngisho nangaphansi kune-FM, futhi kudinga izixhumi ezikwazi ukuphatha la maza aphansi. Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-F zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusakaza ze-AM, njengoba zikwazi ukuphatha amaza kuze kufike cishe ku-5 MHz futhi zingasetshenziswa nokudluliswa kwamandla aphansi.

5. Ukusakaza kumabonakude: Ukusakaza kwe-TV ngokuvamile kudinga izixhumi ezingakwazi ukuphatha ububanzi obuhlukahlukene, kanye namazinga aphezulu wamandla kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. I-BNC, N-type, kanye nezixhumi ze-TNC zonke zivame ukusetshenziswa ekusakazeni kwe-TV, kuye ngezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi yiziqondiso ezijwayelekile nje, futhi izimfuneko ezithile zohlelo ngalunye lokusakaza zingahluka kuye ngezinto ezifana namazinga okudlulisa amandla, ukuzuza kwezinti, kanye nendawo ezungezile. Lapho ukhetha isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial sokufakwa kokusakaza, kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokucophelela zonke lezi zici bese ukhetha isixhumi esifanele izidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.
Yiziphi izakhiwo zesixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial?
Isakhiwo sesixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial singahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlobo oluthile kanye nomklamo wesixhumi, kodwa ngokuvamile, kunezingxenye eziningana ezivamile ezitholakala kuzixhumi eziningi. Lokhu kubandakanya:

1. Umzimba Wesixhumi: Umzimba wesixhumi uyingxenye yesakhiwo eyinhloko yesixhumi, futhi ngokuvamile wenziwe ngensimbi noma impahla yepulasitiki. Umzimba ungase ucushwe noma ube nendlela yokuhlanganisa yesitayela se-bayonet, kuye ngedizayini yesixhumi.

2. Iphinikhodi emaphakathi: Iphinikhodi emaphakathi iyikhondatha yensimbi esuka phakathi nendawo yesixhumi, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nokhondatha ophakathi wekhebula eliqinile. Iphinikhodi emaphakathi ivamise ukubanjwa endaweni yayo isiphethu noma enye indlela ehlinzeka ngoxhumano lukagesi oluvikelekile.

3. I-Dielectric Insulator: I-insulator ye-dielectric iyinto engaqhubeki ezungeza iphinikhodi emaphakathi futhi iyihlukanise nomqhubi wangaphandle wekhebula lama-coaxial. Isivikelo ngokuvamile siyipulasitiki eqinile noma evumelana nezimo esiza ukugcina izici zikagesi zesixhumi.

4. I-Outer Conductor: I-conductor yangaphandle izungeza isivikelo se-dielectric futhi inikeza isivikelo ekuphazamisekeni kozibuthe kagesi. I-conductor yangaphandle ngokuvamile yenziwa ngezinto zensimbi, njengethusi noma i-aluminium, futhi ingase idizayinwe njengocezu olulodwa oluqinile noma uchungechunge lwezicucu ezixhumene.

5. I-Gasket noma i-O-Ring: I-gasket noma i-O-ring isetshenziselwa ukwakha uphawu oluqinile lwesimo sezulu phakathi kwesixhumi nentambo ye-coaxial noma ulayini wokudlulisa. I-gasket ivame ukwenziwa ngerabha noma impahla yepulasitiki futhi yakhelwe ukumelana nezimo eziningi zemvelo.

6. I-Coupling Nut: I-coaxial nut isetshenziselwa ukunamathisela isixhumi kuntambo ye-coaxial noma ulayini wokudlulisa, futhi inikeza uxhumano oluvikelekile lwemishini. I-coupling nut ngokuvamile intambo futhi ingase idizayinwe njengengxenye yocezu olulodwa noma ucezu oluningi, kuye ngedizayini yesixhumi esithile.

Lapho lezi zingxenye zihlanganiswa, zakha isixhumi esiphelele sekhebula le-coaxial esingasetshenziswa ukuxhuma izintambo ze-coaxial noma imigqa yokudlulisela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Indlela yokufaka kahle isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial?
Ukufaka isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial ku-antenna yokusakaza yomsakazo kudinga izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuthembekile. Nansi inqubo evamile yokufaka:

1. Khetha isixhumi esifanele: Khetha isixhumi esihambisana nohlobo lwekhebula eliqinile ozolisebenzisa, elinebanga lefrikhwensi elidingekayo namandla okubamba amandla othi kanye nesidlulisi.

2. Lungiselela ikhebuli: Hlehlisa ijakhethi yangaphandle yekhebula elikhoaxial ukuze uveze obala ikhondakta yangaphakathi nesivikeli se-dielectric. Sika i-dielectric ibe ubude obufanele ngokusekelwe ezicacisweni zesixhumi.

3. Faka isixhumi: Xuba ngokucophelela isixhumi phezu kwentambo ye-coaxial elungiselelwe, ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Hlanganisa isixhumi kanye nentambo ku-coupling nut ukuze uvikeleke endaweni.

4. Vala ikhebula: Soda noma gcoba isixhumi sephinikhodi emaphakathi kusixhumi sangaphakathi, uqinisekise ukuthi sithinta kahle ugesi. Namathisela i-conductor yangaphandle emzimbeni wesixhumi, usebenzisa iringi yecrimp enikezwe nesixhumi.

5. Namathisela uthi nesidlulisi: Xhuma enye ingxenye yentambo ye-coaxial ku-antenna nesidlulisi. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-antenna iphansi nokuthi konke ukuxhumana kuvikelekile.

6. Hlola ukufakwa: Sebenzisa isihloli sekhebula ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi azikho izikhindi noma amasekhethi avuliwe ekufakeni. Hlola ikhwalithi yesignali yokudlulisela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uthi luxhumeke kahle futhi lusebenza ngendlela efanele.

Lapho ufaka isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial ku-antenna yokusakaza yomsakazo, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule:

- Sebenza ngokucophelela lapho ukhumula futhi ulungisa intambo ye-coaxial, ukugwema ukulimaza i-coaxial yangaphakathi noma i-dielectric.
- Landela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi ngokucophelela lapho ufaka isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi usebenzisa inqubo efanele yesixhumi esinikeziwe.
- Sebenzisa ukuqapha kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele lapho usebenza ngezinto ezidlulisayo, njengoba ama-voltage aphezulu namazinga kagesi kungaletha ingozi.
- Hlola ukufakwa ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokufaka uthi, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lusebenza kahle futhi unikeze isignali ethembekile.
Yiziphi izicaciso ezibaluleke kakhulu zesixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial
Ukucaciswa okubaluleke kakhulu ngokomzimba kanye ne-RF kwesixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial zifaka:

1.Impedance: I-impedance yesixhumi kufanele ifane nekhebula nezinye izingxenye zendlela yesignali. Ngokuvamile, izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zine-impedance engu-50 noma engu-75 ohms.

2. Ibanga Lemvamisa: Ububanzi befrikhwensi bucacisa ubukhulu befrikhwensi isixhumi esingasidlulisa ngaphandle kokuwohloka okuphawulekayo kwesignali. Lena i-spec ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi yezinhlelo zokusebenza zamafrikhwensi aphezulu njengokusakaza komsakazo.

3. Ukuphatha Amandla: Amandla aphezulu isixhumi esingakwazi ukuwaphatha ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo noma ukulahlekelwa kwesignali kungenye i-spec ebalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla okubamba amandla esixhumi anele amandla okukhipha isidlulisi, ukuze ungoni umonakalo noma wehlise isiginali.

4. Uhlobo Lwesixhumi: Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zezixhumi ze-coaxial ezitholakalayo, ezihlanganisa i-BNC, i-SMA, i-N-Type, ne-TNC. Uhlobo lwesixhumi luthinta ububanzi befrikhwensi, ukuphatha amandla, nobukhulu bomzimba, okwenza kube semqoka ukufanisa isixhumi nohlelo lokusebenza.

5. Ukulahlekelwa Kokufaka: Ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa kwesixhumi inani lokulahlekelwa kwesignali okwenzeka ngenxa yokufakwa kwesixhumi endleleni yesignali. Ukuncipha kokulahlekelwa kokufaka, kuba ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa isignali.

6. I-Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR): I-VSWR isilinganiso sokubonakaliswa kwesignali okwenzeka ngenxa yokungafani kokuphazamiseka phakathi kwesixhumi nothi noma ulayini wokudlulisela. I-VSWR ephezulu ingaholela ekonakaleni kwesignali noma ukulimala komthombo wesiginali.

7. Indawo yokusebenza: Indawo lapho ikhebula izosetshenziswa khona kufanele icatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa isixhumi. Isibonelo, uma ikhebula izosetshenziswa endaweni engaphandle enokhahlo, isixhumi esinzima, esimelana nesimo sezulu sizofaneleka.

Kafushane, ukucaciswa okubonakalayo kanye ne-RF kwesixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukudluliswa okufanele kwesiginali ye-RF. Lezi zici zifaka i-impedance, ibanga lemvamisa, ukuphatha amandla, uhlobo lwesixhumi, ukulahlekelwa kokufaka, kanye ne-VSWR. Kubalulekile ukukhetha isixhumi esinezicaciso ezifanele zohlelo lokusebenza oluthile kanye nesistimu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphelele nokudluliswa okuthembekile kwesignali yokusakaza.

Sekukonke, uhlobo lwekhebula le-coaxial kanye nohlobo lwesixhumi se-transmitter yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial. Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, thenga izixhumi ezidizayinelwe ukusebenza ngohlobo oluthile lwekhebuli eyi-coaxial oyisebenzisayo, bese ukhetha isixhumi esihambisana nohlobo lwesixhumi sesidlulisi sakho.

Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela indawo yokusebenza kanye nebanga lemvamisa, njengoba lezi zici zingadlala indima ekusebenzeni nasekuthembekeni kokudluliswa kwesignali. Ukusebenzisa isixhumi esingafani kahle noma uhlobo lwesixhumi esingahambelani kungaholela ekulahlekeni kwesignali, ukonakala, noma ukwehluleka okuphelele, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha ngendlela efanele.
Yiziphi izingxenye ezijwayelekile eziqukethe uhlelo lwe-antenna yokusakaza?
Uhlelo lwe-antenna yokusakaza ngomsakazo luqukethe izingxenye eziningana nemishini, okuhlanganisa:

1. Uthi: I-antenna iyingxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yokusakaza yomsakazo esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa noma ukwamukela amasignali. Idizayinelwe ukusakaza amagagasi kagesi endaweni ezungezile. Isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial sinikeza ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-antenna nolayini wokudlulisa.

2. Ulayini Wokudlulisa: Ulayini wokudlulisela uthwala isignali isuka kusidluliseli iye othini futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Idizayinelwe ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokudlulisela kanye nokungafani kokuphazamiseka okungathinta ikhwalithi yesiginali. Isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial sihlinzeka ngoxhumano oluphephile noluthembekile phakathi komugqa wokudlulisela kanye nothi.

3. I-Transmitter: I-transmitter ikhiqiza isignali yefrikhwensi yomsakazo ekhuliswayo futhi idluliselwe ngothi. Inesibopho sokuguqula amasiginali kagesi abe amasignali kazibuthe kagesi angadluliswa ngamaza omoya.

I-4. Umamukeli: Umamukeli unesibopho sokwamukela amasignali adlulisiwe. Isetshenziswa ekusakazeni umsakazo ukuthola amashaneli ahlukene asakazwa ngamaza ahlukahlukene.

5. Ikhebula eliqinile: Intambo ye-coaxial iwuhlobo lwekhebula elisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasignali amafrikhwensi aphezulu ngokulahleka okuphansi kanye nokuphazanyiswa okuncane. Ikhebula lihlanganisa i-conductor emaphakathi ezungezwe i-insulation kanye nesihlangu ngaphandle. Isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial sihlinzeka ngendawo yokuxhuma phakathi kwentambo ye-coaxial kanye nolayini wokudlulisa noma i-antenna.

6. Isixhumi Sekhebula Lekhoaxial: Isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukwenza lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwentambo ye-coaxial, ulayini wokudlulisa, nezimpondo. Idizayinelwe ukuhlinzeka ngoxhumano lukagesi oluphephile noluzinzile, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokudlulisela nokuphazamiseka, nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesignali ezinzile nelungile.

Kafushane, uhlelo lwe-antenna yokusakaza ngomsakazo luqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa kanye nemishini esebenza ndawonye ukuze idlulise futhi yamukele amasignali omsakazo. Lezi zingxenye zifaka i-antenna, ulayini wokudlulisa, isidluliseli, isamukeli, intambo eyi-coaxial, nesixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial. Isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial sinikeza umsebenzi obalulekile wokusiza ukuxhumana okuphephile, okuthembekile, nokusebenza kahle phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesistimu yokusakaza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphelele nokudluliswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwamasignali okusakaza.
Yiziphi izinto ezivamile zokwenza isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial?
Izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zingenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene kuye ngezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. Nazi ezinye izinto ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial:

1. Ithusi: I-Brass iyinto evamile esetshenziselwa izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ngenxa ye-conductivity yayo enhle, izici ezinzile zemishini, kanye nokulula komshini.

2. Insimbi Engagqwali: Insimbi engagqwali iyinto ethandwayo yezixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo noma ezigqwalile ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, amandla, nokuqina.

3. I-Aluminium: I-Aluminium iyinto engasindi esetshenziswa kuzixhumi zekhebula lamakhoaxial lapho isisindo siyinkinga, njengasezinhlelweni ze-aerospace.

4.Zinc: I-Zinc iyinto ebiza kancane esetshenziswa kwezinye izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial, ngokuyinhloko lezo ezihloselwe indawo yasendlini noma enezinga lokushisa eliphansi.

5. Ipulasitiki: Ezinye izingxenye zokuxhuma ikhebula le-coaxial njengama-insulators nemizimba zenziwe ngepulasitiki. Izinto zePlastiki zinikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela, ukuguquguquka, kanye nesisindo.

6. Ithusi: I-Copper isetshenziswa njengento yokucwenga yezixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ngenxa yokuhamba kahle kwayo kagesi, ukumelana nokugqwala, nokumelana ne-oxidation.

Kafushane, izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zingenziwa kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto kuye ngezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza. Ithusi, insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, i-zinc, ipulasitiki, nethusi zonke izinto ezivamile ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial. Ukukhetha impahla efanele kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuphelele, ukwethembeka, nokuqina kwesixhumi sekhebula eliqinile.
Imaphi amagama ajwayelekile esixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial?
Nawa amanye amagama ajwayelekile ahlobene nezixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial nezincazelo zazo:

1. Uhlobo Lwesixhumi se-Coaxial: Izixhumi ze-coaxial ziza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, njenge-BNC, i-SMA, i-N-Type, ne-TNC. Uhlobo lwesixhumi lucacisa i-interface ebonakalayo yesixhumi kanye nobubanzi befrikhwensi namandla esingakusekela.

2. Ubulili: Izixhumi ze-coaxial zingabesilisa noma abesifazane. Isixhumi sowesilisa sinephinikhodi emaphakathi ephumela ngaphandle, kuyilapho isixhumi sowesifazane sinomshini ophakathi nendawo owamukela iphinikhodi yesilisa.

3.Impedance: I-Impedans ukumelana nokugeleza kwamandla kagesi kusekethe. Izixhumi zekhebula lama-coaxial ziklanyelwe ukusebenza ngezintambo ezithile ezivimbelayo, ngokuvamile ezingaba ngu-50 noma 75 ohms.

4. Ibanga Lemvamisa: Ububanzi befrikhwensi bucacisa ubukhulu befrikhwensi isixhumi esingasidlulisa ngaphandle kokuwohloka okuphawulekayo kwesignali. Izixhumi zefrikhwensi ephezulu zivame ukuba nesixhumi esibonakalayo esinembe kakhudlwana, ngakho isixhumi asixegi ngenxa yokudlidliza noma ezinye izingcindezi.

5. Ukuphatha Amandla: Umthamo wokubamba amandla ucacisa inani eliphakeme lamandla isixhumi esingawadlulisela ngaphandle kokuwohloka noma ukulimala.

6. Uchungechunge Lwesixhumi: Uchungechunge lwesixhumi lubhekisela ekwakhiweni kwesixhumi kanye nobubanzi befrikhwensi esingabusekela. Izibonelo zochungechunge lwesixhumi zifaka uchungechunge lwe-L ne-L29-K.

7. Usayizi Wesixhumi: Usayizi wesixhumi ubhekisela kubukhulu obuphathekayo besixhumi, ngokuvamile obususelwe kusayizi wentambo.

8. I-Flanged futhi Ayiguquliwe: Izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zingaba ne-flanged noma zingafinyeziwe. Izixhumi ezine-Flange zine-flange eyisicaba, eyindilinga emzimbeni wesixhumi ovikela isixhumi endaweni ngenadi elikhuphukayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izixhumi ezingafingqiwe azinayo i-flange futhi zivame ukuthengiswa ngqo kukhebula eliqinile.

9. Isixhumi se-EIA: I-EIA imele “i-Electronic Industries Alliance,” okuyinhlangano yezohwebo ebeka amazinga ezisetshenziswa zikagesi. Isixhumi se-EIA siwuhlobo lwesixhumi se-RF esinamathela ezindinganisweni ze-EIA zobukhulu, ukuphazamiseka, nokusebenza.

10. IF70, IF110, IF45: Lezi zinombolo zibhekisela kububanzi besixhumi, ne-IF70 enobubanzi obungu-7.0 mm, i-IF110 enobubanzi obungu-11.0 mm, kanye ne-IF45 enobubanzi obungu-4.5 mm. Ubukhulu bobubanzi besixhumi, buphakama ibanga lefrikhwensi esingalusekela.

11. I-DINF: I-DINF iwuhlobo lochungechunge lwesixhumi esidizayinelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zefrikhwensi ephezulu, ngokuvamile efika ku-12.4 GHz. Ine-impedance engu-50 ohms futhi iqukethe umzimba onentambo ovikela isixhumi endaweni.

12. L4TNF-PSA: I-L4TNF-PSA iwuhlobo lwesixhumi esine-flanged esiklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngentambo ye-coaxial ye-LMR-400. Inomzimba onentambo kanye ne-impedance engu-50 ohms, futhi amandla ayo okubamba amandla aphezulu.

13. I-DINM: I-DINM iwuhlobo lochungechunge lwesixhumi olusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo esinentambo ukuze kuvikeleke isixhumi endaweni. Ine-impedance engu-50 ohms futhi isekela ububanzi befrikhwensi obufika ku-4 GHz.

Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "7/16 DIN isixhumi sowesilisa" isho isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial wesilisa esisebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo se-7/16 DIN, esinebanga lokuvama ukufika ku-7.5 GHz futhi esivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamandla aphezulu. Ivamise ukuba ne-VSWR ephansi namandla aphezulu okubamba.

Igama "Isixhumi se-L29-K" isho uhlobo lochungechunge lwesixhumi esidizayinelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zemvamisa ephezulu ezifika ku-18 GHz, ezinokuphazamiseka okungu-50 ohms. Isixhumi sinamandla okubamba amandla aphezulu futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana nezokusakaza.

Ukuqonda le migomo kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhethwa okufanele kwesixhumi sohlelo lokusebenza oluthile kanye nokudluliselwa okuthembekile kwesignali.
Yini ehlukanisa isixhumi sekhebula ye-coaxial yezentengiso nebanga lomthengi?
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zezentengiselwano nezinga labathengi ekusakazeni komsakazo kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezintambo ezisetshenziswayo, izinzuzo, ukonakala, amanani, izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukusebenza, izakhiwo, amaza, ukufakwa, ukulungiswa, nokugcinwa.

Izinhlobo zamakhebula e-coaxial asetshenziswayo: Izintambo ze-coaxial zebanga lezentengiso zivame ukuba ukuqina, zibe nokuqukethwe kwethusi okuphezulu, futhi zinikeza isivikelo esingcono uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ze-coaxial ezingeni labathengi. Izibonelo zezintambo ze-coaxial zifaka phakathi i-LMR-600, LMR-900, ne-LMR-1200. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izintambo ze-coaxial ezingeni labathengi zincane futhi zinezivikelo ezincane kunezintambo zentengiso. Izibonelo zamakhebuli e-coaxial ezingeni labathengi zifaka i-RG-6 ne-RG-11.

Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi: Izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zezentengiselwano ziklanyelwe ukusekela amaza aphezulu, zinikeze isivikelo esingcono, futhi zihlala isikhathi eside uma ziqhathaniswa nezixhumi zezinga lomthengi. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezifunwa kakhulu, njengokusakaza kanye nezokuxhumana. Kodwa-ke, izixhumi zezentengiselwano zivame ukubiza kakhulu kunezixhumi ezingeni labathengi futhi ngokuvamile ziba inselele kakhulu ukuzifaka.

1. Amanani: Izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zezentengiso ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu kunezixhumi ezingeni labathengi ngenxa yekhwalithi yazo ephezulu, ukusebenza okungcono, nokuqina.

I-2. Izicelo: Izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zezentengiselwano zifanele ukusakazwa komsakazo, ezokuxhumana, ezempi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-aerospace, ezidinga ukuxhumeka kwekhwalithi ephezulu, okuthembekile. Izixhumi zeleveli yabathengi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuzijabuliseni kwasekhaya, ikhebula le-TV, kanye nezinto zokusebenza zerediyo ezinefrikhwensi ephansi.

Ukusebenza: Izixhumi zezentengiselwano zinikeza ukusebenza okungcono uma kuqhathaniswa nezixhumi zeleveli yomthengi ekudlulisweni kwesignali futhi zithole ukunemba, ukuncishiswa komsindo, namandla esignali. Lokhu kubalulekile ekusakazeni, lapho ngisho nokucekelwa phansi kwesignali okuncane kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.

4. Izakhiwo: Izixhumi zebanga lezentengiso ngokuvamile ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ziqinile kunezixhumi zebanga lomthengi. Kufanele zimelane nobunzima bokufakwa kwangaphandle kanye nokuchayeka ezintweni, kuyilapho izixhumi ezingeni labathengi ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ngaphakathi endlini futhi azivezwa kancane ezintweni zemvelo.

5. Imvamisa: Izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zezentengiso zisekela amaza aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezixhumi zeleveli yomthengi, eziklanyelwe ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokusebenza zefrikhwensi ephansi.

6. Ukufaka, Ukulungisa, Nokunakekela: Izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zezentengiselwano zidinga ubuchwepheshe obuningi ukuze zifakwe, zilungiswe, futhi zigcinwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezixhumi ezisezingeni lomthengi, okulula ukuzifaka nokuzilungisa. Izixhumi zebanga lezohwebo zivame ukudinga amathuluzi akhethekile, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nemishini yokusebenza.

Kafushane, izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zezentengiselwano zinikeza izinga eliphezulu nokusebenza okungcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial leveli yomthengi, kodwa ngokuvamile ziza ngezindleko eziphakeme futhi zidinga ukufakwa okubanzi, ukulungiswa, nenqubo yokulungisa. Ukukhethwa kwesixhumi esifanele kuncike ohlelweni oluthile, izinhlobo zamakhebuli angama-coaxial azosetshenziswa, kanye nebanga lefrikhwensi edingekayo. Ekusakazweni, izixhumi zezinga lezentengiso ngokuvamile zikhethwa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo, ukusebenza, nokwethembeka.
Yiziphi izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ezivamile zama-transmitters okusakaza?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezixhumi zentambo ye-coaxial ezitholakalayo zokusakaza ama-transmitters kumabhendi amafrikhwensi ahlukene (FM, AM, TV, UHF, kanye ne-VHF). Izinhlobo zezixhumi ezisetshenziswa kulawa ma-transmitters zincike ezintweni ezifana nezinga lamandla lesithumeli kanye nohlelo lokusebenza oluthile. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo zokuxhuma ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekusakazeni:

1. N-Uhlobo: Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zivame ukusetshenziselwa izidlulisi zamandla aphakathi nendawo ukuya phezulu ezinhlelweni zokusakaza ze-FM ne-TV. Banikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu nokuthembeka futhi bangakwazi ukuphatha amazinga aphezulu wamandla.

2. 7/16 I-DIN: Izixhumi ze-7/16 ze-DIN zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusakaza zamandla aphezulu FM ne-TV. Banikeza ukuthembeka okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu okubamba amandla, kanye ne-VSWR ephansi.

3. BNC: Izixhumi ze-BNC zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphansi ukuya kwaphakathi nezinhlelo zokusakaza ze-TV. Zinikeza ukusebenza okuhle kufika ku-4 GHz futhi kulula ukuzifaka.

4. I-TNC: Izixhumi ze-TNC zisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphansi ukuya kwaphakathi ku-FM, AM, nokusakaza kwe-TV. Ziyafana nezixhumi ze-BNC kodwa zinikeza ukusebenza okungcono kufika ku-11 GHz.

5. F-Uhlobo: Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-F-Type zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphansi ukuya kwamaphakathi ekusakazeni kwe-TV namanethiwekhi e-TV ekhebula. Kulula ukuzifaka futhi zinikeza ukusebenza okuhle kufika ku-1 GHz.

6. I-SMA: Izixhumi ze-SMA zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusakaza zamandla aphansi ukuya kwaphakathi kububanzi befrikhwensi ye-VHF ne-UHF. Banikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kufika ku-18 GHz futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezingenantambo.

Mayelana nokuthi isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial sixhuma kanjani kusidlulisi, kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwesixhumi esisetshenziswe kusidlulisi. Uxhumano kufanele lusebenzise uhlobo olufanayo lwesixhumi kukho kokubili isidlulisi kanye nekhebula le-coaxial. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokudluliswa kwesignali okuthembekile.

Kafushane, izinhlobo zezixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ezisetshenziselwa ukusakaza zincike kubhendi yefrikhwensi kanye nezinga lamandla lesithumeli. Izinhlobo zezixhumi ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ekusakazeni zifaka uhlobo lwe-N, 7/16 DIN, BNC, TNC, F-Type, kanye ne-SMA. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesixhumi lunezici ezihlukile, njengobubanzi befrikhwensi, ukuphatha amandla, nokufaka kalula, okubenza bafanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.

Yiziphi izixhumi ezijwayelekile zekhebula le-coaxial zemigqa yokudlulisela eqinile?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ezitholakalayo emigqeni yokudlulisela eqinile, futhi ubukhulu besixhumi buyahlukahluka kuye ngobubanzi bomugqa wokudlulisa we-coaxial. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo zokuxhuma ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kolayini bokudlulisa abaqinile:

1. Uhlobo N: Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zivame ukusetshenziswa nemigqa yokudlulisa engu-7/8" kanye ne-1-5/8" ye-coaxial. Zifaka ukuhlanganisa okunentambo futhi zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kufika ku-11 GHz. Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana zeselula nezasolwandle.

2. 7/16 I-DIN: Izixhumi ze-7/16 ze-DIN zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ne-1/2", 7/8", 1-1/4", kanye nemigqa yokudlulisela eyi-coaxial engu-1-5/8". Banikeza i-VSWR ephansi futhi ikalelwe izicelo zamandla aphezulu. 7/16 Izixhumi ze-DIN zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezingenantambo nezokuxhumana.

3. I-EIA: Izixhumi ze-EIA ziwuchungechunge lwezixhumi eziklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa nezintambo eziqinile zokudlulisela i-coaxial ezinosayizi abahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa u-1-5/8", 3-1/8", kanye no-4-1/16". evame ukusetshenziswa kwezokusakaza kanye nezokuxhumana.

4. I-DIN: Izixhumi ze-DIN zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa nemigqa yokudlulisa i-coaxial eqinile yosayizi abahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi 7/8", 1-5/8", 3-1/8", kanye no-4-1/16". Izixhumi ze-DIN zinokuhlanganisa okunentambo futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezingenantambo nezokuxhumana.

5. Izixhumi ze-LMR: Izixhumi ze-LMR zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa nezintambo eziguquguqukayo ze-LMR coaxial kanye nezintambo zazo eziqinile ezifanayo, njenge-LCF ne-Superflex. Lezi zixhumi zinesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele esizivumela ukuthi zisetshenziswe kokubili intambo ye-coaxial eguquguqukayo futhi eqinile.

6. Ifomu le-C: Izixhumi ze-C-Form zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa nemigqa yokudlulisa i-coaxial eqinile enosayizi abahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa u-2-1/4", 3-1/8", 4-1/16", kanye no-6-1/8". Zinomklamo ophahleni futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ekusakazeni kwamandla aphezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuxhumana.

Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zezixhumi ngokuvamile wehlela kusayizi wesixhumi kanye nohlobo lolayini wokudlulisela esiklanyelwe ukusebenza ngawo. Zizophinde zihluke ngebanga lemvamisa, umthamo wokubamba amandla, nokusebenza kwe-VSWR. Lapho ukhetha isixhumi solayini wokudlulisela oqinile, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuhambisana kwesixhumi nolayini wokudlulisela, imvamisa yokusebenza yesistimu, kanye nezidingo zamandla zohlelo lokusebenza.
Yini engase yehluleke isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial ekusebenzeni?
Kunezimo ezimbalwa ezingenza isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial sihluleke, okuhlanganisa ukufakwa okungafanele, ukugcinwa okungafanele, kanye nezici zemvelo. Nazi ezinye zezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokuthi kungani izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial zingahluleka, nokuthi ungazigwema kanjani lezi zimo:

1. Ukufaka Okungalungile: Ukufakwa okungalungile kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuhluleka kwesixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial. Uma izixhumi zingafakwanga kahle, zingabangela ukulahleka kwesignali, ukushintshashintsha, noma ngisho nomonakalo ohlelweni lwe-RF.

Ukuze ugweme ukufakwa okungalungile, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yokufaka yomkhiqizi ngokucophelela. Sebenzisa amathuluzi anconyiwe namasu ukuze ulungise ikhebula nesixhumi, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi isixhumi sinamathele ngokuphephile kukhebula ngaphandle kwezikhala noma amaphakethe omoya. Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa i-torque efanele noma ingcindezi lapho uqinisa isixhumi ukuze uqinisekise ukuxhumana okufanele.

2. Ukugqwala kanye Nomswakama: Ukugqwala nomswakama kungabangela izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ukuthi zihluleke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zici zingalimaza izingxenye zensimbi zesixhumi, okuholela ekuphikisaneni nokulahlekelwa kwesignali.

Ukuze ugweme ukugqwala nokwakheka komswakama, sebenzisa izixhumi zekhwalithi ephezulu ezidizayinelwe ngokuqondile uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluhlosiwe. Ukwengeza, cabanga ukusebenzisa izinto zokuvikela isimo sezulu njenge-sealant noma itheyiphu ukuvikela isixhumi kumswakama nezinye izici zemvelo.

3. Izici Zemvelo: Izici zemvelo ezifana nezimo zezulu ezinzima, umswakama ophezulu, namazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ukuthi zihluleke.

Ukuze ugweme umphumela wezici zemvelo, kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwesixhumi esiklanyelwe ukumelana nezimo ezithile zemvelo noma ukunikeza ukuvikeleka okufanele. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukusebenzisa izixhumi ezingamelana nesimo sezulu, eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukunikeza isivikelo esimweni sezulu nezinye izici zemvelo.

4. Ukulimala: Ukulimala ngokomzimba okuvela emiphumeleni yengozi noma ukugoba ngokweqile nakho kungabangela izixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial ukuthi zihluleke.

Ukuze ugweme ukulimala ngokomzimba, qaphela lapho uphatha izintambo eziqinile - gwema ukugoba okubukhali nokusonteka okungase kubangele ukulimala kwekhebula noma isixhumi. Vikela ikhebula nesixhumi ekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba ngokusebenzisa izinto ezivikelayo, ezifana nokugoqwa kwekhebula nokukhululeka kokucindezeleka.

Kafushane, ukuze ugweme ukwehluleka kwesixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi yokufakwa, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afanele, nokukhetha izixhumi ezifanele imvelo nokusebenza. Ukunakekela okuvamile, njengokuhlola uxhumo ukuze kutholwe izimpawu zokugqwala nokwakheka komswakama, nakho kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukwehluleka nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani kahle futhi ugcine isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial?
Ukusetshenziswa okufanele nokugcinwa okuvamile kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ubude bempilo ende yesixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial. Nawa amanye amathiphu wokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani kahle futhi ugcine isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial:

1. Sebenzisa Isixhumi Esifanelekile Esicelweni Sakho: Isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial kufanele sifane nohlobo lwekhebula, i-impedance, kanye nebanga le-frequency ukuze sisebenze kahle. Ukusebenzisa isixhumi esingalungile noma izingxenye zesixhumi ezingafani kungase kuholele ekulahlekelweni kwesignali eyengeziwe kanye nokusebenza okuncishisiwe.

2. Sebenzisa Amathuluzi Afanelekile Wokufaka: Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa amathuluzi alungile ukuze ufake isixhumi sakho kahle. Amathuluzi angalungile angalimaza isixhumi noma ikhebuli futhi enze buthaka ukusebenza kwesixhumi.

3. Landela Imiyalelo Yokufaka: Landela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi ngokucophelela lapho ufaka isixhumi sakho. Qiniseka ukuthi usika ikhebula libe ngobude obunconyiwe, fanisa ikhondakta ephakathi nendawo nesivikelo, futhi uqinise isixhumi ku-torque enconyiwe.

4. Vikela Ezintweni Zemvelo: Izici zemvelo ezifana nomswakama, ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa, nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu zingalimaza isixhumi futhi zinciphise isikhathi saso sokuphila. Sebenzisa izinto zokuvikela isimo sezulu njenge-sealant futhi uvikele isixhumi esimweni sezulu noma ekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba usebenzisa izivalo noma amasistimu okuphatha amakhebula.

5. Hlola futhi Ugcine Njalo: Hlola ikhebula nesixhumi njalo ukuze uthole izimpawu zokulimala futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izixhumi ziqine ngokwanele ukugwema ukulahleka kwesignali. Susa uthuli nemfucumfucu, sula umswakama, futhi usebenzise isifutho sokuhlanza othintana naye kuzixhumi ezingcolile.

6. Faka esikhundleni Izixhumi Ezilimele: Uma ubona noma yimuphi umonakalo noma ukugqwala, buyisela isixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial ngokushesha. Hlola noma yikuphi ukuxega okuxegayo, ukunqamula, noma umsindo lokhu kungaba yisixazululo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwentambo yakho ye-coaxial.

Ngokulandela lezi zincomo, ungasiza ukukhulisa isikhathi sokuphila nokusebenza kwezixhumi zakho zekhebula le-coaxial, uqinisekise ukudluliswa kwesignali okuthembekile, futhi unciphise amathuba okulahlekelwa kwesignali kanye nokuphazamiseka.
Ungasikhetha kanjani isixhumi sentambo ye-coaxial esingcono kakhulu sokusakazwa kwe-FM?
Ukukhetha isixhumi esilungile sekhebula le-coaxial sokusakazwa kwe-FM kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa ezihlobene nohlelo oluthile, izinga lamandla okukhipha i-transmitter, ububanzi bemvamisa, izinhlobo zamakhebula ama-coaxial, kanye nezigaba ze-antenna. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezingakusiza ukhethe isixhumi esifanele:

I-1. Isicelo: Cabangela uhlelo lokusebenza oluthile lwesixhumi sekhebula le-coaxial oludingayo. Isibonelo, ohlelweni lokusakaza lwe-FM, ungase udinge izixhumi ezinamandla okuphatha amandla aphezulu kanye nokuxhumana okuthembekile. Futhi, cabangela imvamisa yokusebenza nekhwalithi yesiginali edingekayo kuhlelo lokusebenza, njengoba lokhu kuzothinta ikhwalithi yesixhumi.

2. Izinga lamandla okukhipha i-Transmitter: Udinga ukucabangela izinga lamandla okukhiphayo kwesidlulisi sakho njengoba uzodinga isixhumi esingaphatha ileveli yamandla ngaphandle kokuba nomthelela kwikhwalithi yesiginali. Ngokuvamile, izixhumi zamandla aphezulu njengezixhumi ze-7/16 ze-DIN noma izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusakaza ze-FM ezinamandla aphezulu.

3. Ibanga Lemvamisa: Qinisekisa ukuthi isixhumi osikhethayo siklanyelwe ukusebenza kulo lonke ibanga lefrikhwensi edingekayo ohlelweni lwakho lokusakaza i-FM. Izixhumi ze-BNC ne-TNC zifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza zefrikhwensi ephansi kufika ku-4 GHz. Ngenkathi izixhumi ezingu-7/16 ze-DIN nezixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zifaneleka kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifika ku-11 GHz.

4. Izinhlobo zekhebula lekhoaxial: Izinhlobo ezihlukene zamakhebula e-coaxial zinamazinga ahlukene e-impedance, amadayimitha ayisisekelo namandla okubamba amandla. Izixhumi ezihlukene ze-coaxial zifanelekile ukuxhuma izinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo ze-coaxial. Qinisekisa ukuthi isixhumi osikhethayo sihambisana nohlobo lwekhebula lama-coaxial onalo.

5. Izigaba ze-antenna: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpondo zidinga izinhlobo ezihlukene zezixhumi zekhebula le-coaxial. Isibonelo, i-antenna ye-dipole ngokuvamile idinga isixhumi se-BNC noma se-TNC, kuyilapho izimpondo eziyisiyingi ezingase zidinge isixhumi sohlobo lwe-N noma isixhumi se-DIN esingu-7/16.

Kafushane, lapho ukhetha isixhumi esingcono kakhulu sentambo ye-coaxial yokusakaza kwe-FM, kubalulekile ukuthi ucabangele uhlelo lokusebenza, amandla okukhipha i-transmitter, ububanzi befrikhwensi, uhlobo lwekhebula le-coaxial, kanye nezigaba ze-antenna. Futhi cabangela ukwethembeka nekhwalithi yesixhumi, kanye nezici ezifana nenani nokutholakala lapho ukhetha isixhumi esifanelana kangcono nemfuneko yakho.

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