Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wezingxenye Zekhebula Le-Fiber Optic

Izintambo ze-fiber optic ziye zashintsha umkhakha wokuxhumana wesimanje ngokudlulisela idatha kumabanga amade ngesivinini esimangalisayo nokunemba. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwekhebula le-fiber optic akuxhomekile kuphela kukhebula ngokwayo, kodwa izingxenye ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwayo. Yonke ingxenye yentambo ye-fiber optic idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni isivinini sayo, ukuphepha kwedatha, nokuqina. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula izingxenye ezihlukene ezisetshenziswa ezintamboni ze-fiber optic, okuhlanganisa umongo, ukuvala, isigcinalwazi, izinto zokumboza, amalungu amandla, izinto zejakhethi, nokunye. Ukwengeza, sizophendula imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ehlobene nezingxenye zekhebula le-fiber optic.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Nansi eminye imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ehlobene nezingxenye zekhebula le-fiber optic.

 

Q: Iyini inhloso yomgogodla kukhebula le-fiber optic?

 

IMPENDULO: Ingqikithi kukhebula le-fiber optic ingxenye emaphakathi eyenziwe ngengilazi noma ipulasitiki ethwala isignali yokukhanya isuka ekugcineni kwentambo iye komunye. Umnyombo unesibopho sokugcina amandla esignali kanye nesivinini sokudlulisela. I-diameter ye-core inquma inani lokukhanya elingadluliswa, ngama-cores amancane angcono ekuphatheni amasignali esivinini esikhulu ebangeni elide.

 

Q: Yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukumboza izintambo ze-fiber optic?

 

A: Izinto zokumboza ezisetshenziswa kuzintambo ze-fiber optic ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinto ze-polymer, njenge-PVC, i-LSZH, noma ama-acrylates. I-coating isetshenziswa enkabeni ukuze ivikeleke emonakalweni, umswakama, nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Uhlobo lwezinto zokumboza ezisetshenziswayo zincike ekwakhiweni kwekhebula elithile, imithetho yemvelo, kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza.

 

Q: Amalungu anamandla asebenza kanjani ekugcineni ubuqotho bekhebula le-fiber optic?

 

IMP: Amalungu aqinile kumakhebula e-fiber optic asiza ukugcina ubuqotho bekhebula ngokunikeza ukusekelwa kwesakhiwo nokuvimbela ikhebula ekunwebeni noma ekuphukeni. Zingenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nemicu ye-aramid, i-fiberglass, noma izinduku zensimbi. Amalungu amandla ngokuvamile abekwe ngokuhambisana nefayibha, anikeze ukuguquguquka namandla angeziwe. Ziphinde zisize ukuvikela ikhebula ekubhidlizeni amandla kanye nokulimala okubangelwa ukusonteka ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

 

Q: Uyini umehluko phakathi PVC futhi LSZH jacket materials?

 

A: I-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride) iyimpahla yejazi esetshenziswa kabanzi ehlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuhle komshini kwezintambo ze-fiber optic. I-PVC imelana nomlilo kodwa ingakhipha intuthu enobuthi lapho isha. Izinto zejakhethi ze-LSZH (low smoke zero halogen) zihambisana nemvelo futhi zikhiqiza amazinga aphansi entuthu kanye nobuthi obuphansi lapho zivezwe emlilweni. Izinto ze-LSZH zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasendlini, njengezibhedlela, izikhungo zedatha, nezindiza, lapho ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu.

 

Q: Ingabe izintambo ze-fiber optic zingahlukaniswa?

 

IMP: Yebo, izintambo ze-fiber optic zingahlanganiswa ukuze kwakhiwe indlela yedatha eqhubekayo emzileni wekhebula. I-Fusion splicing kanye ne-mechanical splicing izindlela ezimbili ezivamile ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izintambo ze-fiber optic. I-Fusion splicing isebenzisa ukushisa ukuze ibophe ama-cores conductive, kuyilapho ukuhlanganisa ngomshini kusebenzisa isixhumi esiwumshini ukujoyina imicu.

I. Yiziphi Izintambo Ze-Fiber Optic?

Izintambo ze-Fiber optic ziwuhlobo lwe-transmission medium esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasignali edatha ebangeni elide ngesivinini esikhulu. Ahlanganisa imicu emincane yengilazi noma yepulasitiki, eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-fiber strands, athwala ama-pulses okukhanya okumelela idatha edluliswayo. 

1. Asebenza Kanjani Amakhebula E-Fiber Optic?

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zisebenza ngomgomo wokuboniswa okuphelele kwangaphakathi. Lapho isignali yokukhanya ingena ku-fiber strand, kuba uvaleleke phakathi kwenhliziyo ngenxa yomehluko kunkomba ye-refractive phakathi kwe-core kanye nesendlalelo sokuvala. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi isignali yokukhanya ihamba yehle nge-fiber strand ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokuqina noma ukonakala kwedatha.

 

Ukuze kube lula ukudlulisela phambili, izintambo ze-fiber optic zisebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-modulation. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuguqula amasignali kagesi abe amasignali okubona usebenzisa isidluliseli ekugcineni kokuthumela. Amasignali optical abe esedluliselwa ngemicu yefiber. Ekupheleni kokwamukela, umamukeli uguqula amasignali okubona abuyele kuzimpawu zikagesi ukuze zicutshungulwe.

 

Funda kabanzi: Umhlahlandlela Wokugcina Wezintambo Ze-Fiber Optic: Okuyisisekelo, Amasu, Imikhuba Namathiphu

 

2. Izinzuzo ngaphezu kwezintambo zethusi zendabuko

Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zinikeza izinzuzo eziningana phezu kwezintambo zethusi zendabuko, okubenza babe ukukhetha okuthandwayo ezinhlelweni eziningi:

 

• Umkhawulokudonsa Omkhulu: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinomthamo womkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi. Bangakwazi ukudlulisa amanani amakhulu edatha ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu, okwenza kube nokuxhumana okusheshayo nokuthembekile.
• Amabanga amade: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zingathwala amasiginali amabanga amade ngaphandle kokubona ukonakala kwesignali okubalulekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izintambo zethusi, zinenkinga yokuncipha nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe kagesi, zikhawulela ububanzi bazo.
• Ukungavikeleki ekuphazamiseni: Ngokungafani nezintambo zethusi, izintambo ze-fiber optic azikwazi ukuphazanyiswa yizibuthe zikagesi ezivela ezintanjeni zamandla eziseduze, amaza omsakazo, neminye imithombo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha edlulisiwe ihlala injalo futhi ingenakho ukuhlanekezelwa.
• Ilula futhi i-Compact: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zilula futhi athatha isikhala esincane uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi ezinkulu. Lokhu kuzenza zibe lula ukuzifaka futhi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kahle kwengqalasizinda.

3. Ukusetshenziswa Okubanzi Ezimbonini Ezihlukahlukene

Ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ze-fiber optic zidlulela ngaphesheya izimboni eziningi, Kuhlanganise:

 

• Ezokuxhumana ngocingo: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zakha umgogodla wamanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana esimanje, athwala idatha eningi yamakholi wefoni, uxhumano lwe-inthanethi, nokusakaza ividiyo.
• Izikhungo Zedatha: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezikhungweni zedatha ukuze kuxhunywe amaseva kanye nemishini yokuxhumana, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esiphezulu ngaphakathi kwendawo.
• Ukusakaza Nemidiya: Izinkampani zokusakaza zithembele ezintamboni ze-fiber optic ukuze zidlulise amasignali alalelwayo nevidiyo ekusakazeni komabonakude nomsakazo. Lezi zintambo ziqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha noma ukuwohloka kwesignali.
• Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo Nezempilo: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zidlala indima ebalulekile ekucabangeni kwezokwelapha nasezinqubweni zokuxilonga, ezifana ne-endoscopy nezinzwa ze-fiber optic. Bahlinzeka ngezithombe ezicacile kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela sezinqubo zokwelashwa ezithuthukisiwe.
• Imboni Nezokukhiqiza: Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezishintshayo nezilawulayo zezimboni, zixhuma izinzwa ezahlukahlukene, amadivaysi, nemishini. Banikeza ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokushesha kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziphumelelayo.

 

Kafushane, izintambo ze-fiber optic ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokuxhumana zesimanje. Izici zabo eziyingqayizivele, ezifana nomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, amandla okudlulisa amabanga amade, nokuvikeleka ekuphazamisekeni, kubenze ukukhetha okuthandwayo ngaphezu kwezintambo zethusi zendabuko ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.

II. Izingxenye zezintambo ze-Fiber Optic

Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa okuphumelelayo nokuthembekile kwamasignali wedatha.

1. Imicu yeFiber

Izintambo ze-fiber zakha ingxenye eyinhloko yezintambo ze-fiber optic. Ngokuvamile zenziwe ngengilazi yekhwalithi ephezulu noma izinto zepulasitiki ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokudlulisa ukukhanya. Ukubaluleka kwama-fiber strands kusemandleni azo okuphatha amasignali edatha ngendlela yama-pulses okukhanya. Ukucaca nokuhlanzeka kwengilazi noma ipulasitiki esetshenziswa emicu yefiber ithinta ngqo ikhwalithi nobuqotho bezimpawu ezidluliswayo. Abakhiqizi banjiniyela ngokucophelela le micu ukuze banciphise ukulahleka kwesignali nokugcina amandla esignali kumabanga amade.

2. Ukugqoka

Okuzungeza izintambo zefiber ungqimba olubambayo, oludlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho besignali ngaphakathi kwekhebula. I-cladding yenziwe nge-material ene-refractive index ephansi kune-core of the fibre strand. Lo mehluko kuma-indices e-refractive uqinisekisa ukuthi amasignali okukhanya adluliswa ngomongo aqukethwe ngaphakathi kwezintambo ze-fiber ngokubonakala okuphelele kwangaphakathi. Ngokuvimbela ukuphuma kwamasignali okukhanya, ukuvala kusiza ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwedatha.

3. Ukugqoka

Ukuze kuvikelwe imicu ye-fiber entekenteke emonakalweni nasezicini zemvelo, kusetshenziswa i-coating yokuzivikela. I-coating, ngokuvamile eyenziwe nge-polymer material eqinile, isebenza njengesithiyo ngokumelene nomswakama, uthuli, nokucindezeleka ngokomzimba. Ivimbela imicu yefayibha ukuthi ingagobi noma iphuke kalula, iqinisekisa ukuphila isikhathi eside nokuthembeka kwentambo. Ukwengeza, ukugqoka kusiza ukugcina izakhiwo ze-optical zezintambo ze-fiber, ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka noma ukuchithwa kwesignali ngesikhathi sokudlulisa.

4. Amandla Amalungu

Ukuze unikeze amandla okusebenza nokuvikela izintambo zefiber ezithambile, izintambo ze-fiber optic ziqiniswa ngamalungu anamandla. Lawa malungu amandla ngokuvamile enziwe ngamafayibha e-aramid (isb, i-Kevlar) noma i-fiberglass, aqinile futhi amelana nokunwebeka. Zibekwe ngendlela efanelekile ngaphakathi kwekhebuli ukuze zinikeze ukwesekwa nokuvikela ngokumelene nokushuba, ukugoba, nokunye ukucindezeleka komzimba. Amalungu amandla aqinisekisa ukuthi ama-fiber strands agcinwa ehambisana futhi ahlala eqinile, agcina ubuqotho besakhiwo bekhebula.

5. Umgodla noma Ijakhethi

Ungqimba lwangaphandle lwekhebula le-fiber optic lwaziwa ngokuthi i-sheath noma ibhantshi. Lesi sendlalelo sisebenza njengesivikelo esengeziwe ezicini zangaphandle ezinjengomswakama, amakhemikhali, nokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa. I-sheath ngokuvamile yenziwe nge-thermoplastic material ekwazi ukumelana nokuhuzuka nokulimala. Ihlinzeka ngokuvikela kanye nokuvikelwa kwemishini ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zekhebula, ithuthukisa ukuqina kwayo nokumelana nokucindezeleka kwemvelo.

6. Izixhumi

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zivame ukuxhunywa kwezinye izintambo, amadivaysi, noma izinto zokusebenza ezisebenzisa izixhumi. Lezi zixhumi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuxhumana okuphephile nokuthembekile phakathi kwezintambo ze-fiber optic. Zivumela ukujoyina okulula nokuphumelelayo nokunqanyulwa kwezintambo, kusiza ukunwetshwa kwenethiwekhi, ukugcinwa, nokulungiswa. Izixhumi ziza ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, njenge-LC, SC, kanye ne-ST, ngayinye inikezela ngezici ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinzuzo kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza oluthile. >> Buka Okwengeziwe

Umgomo Wokusebenza Wezingxenye Zekhebula Le-Fiber Optic

Zonke izingxenye zekhebula le-fiber optic zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zidlulisele amasignali okukhanya ukusuka ekugcineni kwentambo kuya komunye. Isignali yokukhanya yethulwa engxenyeni emaphakathi engxenyeni eyodwa yekhebula, lapho yehla khona ngekhebula ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i- total internal reflection. Iziqondiso zokuvala ziphinde zibonise ukukhanya kubuyele phakathi, okusiza ukugcina isiqondiso sesignali yokukhanya. Izendlalelo zokumboza nezebhafa zinikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ku-fiber yengilazi, kuyilapho amalungu anamandla eqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula lihlala lizinzile kukho konke ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Ijazi livikela ikhebula emonakalweni wangaphandle futhi liqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula lihlala lisebenza.

 

Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zihlanganisa izingxenye eziningi ezisebenza ngokuvumelana ukuze zinike amandla ukudluliswa okuphumelelayo kwamasignali edatha. Izintambo zefiber zithwala amasignali edatha, kuyilapho ukuvala kugcina ubuqotho bawo. I-coating evikelayo ivimbela ukulimala emicu ye-fiber, futhi amalungu anamandla ahlinzeka ngokusekela komshini. I-sheath noma ibhantshi lisebenza njengesendlalelo esingaphandle sokuvikela, futhi izixhumi zivumela ukuxhumana okulula nokunqanyulwa kwezintambo. Ndawonye, ​​lezi zingxenye zenza izintambo ze-fiber optic zibe isisetshenziswa sokudlulisa esithembekile nesisebenza kahle kakhulu.

 

Ukuqonda izingxenye zekhebula le-fiber optic kubalulekile ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-fiber optics isebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zivumela ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo, okuthembeke kakhulu, nokusebenza kahle kumabanga amade. Ngokusebenzisa izintambo ze-fiber optic, abantu bangadlulisela inani elikhulu ledatha kumabanga amade ngokulahleka kwesignali okuncane kanye nokuphazamiseka.

 

Funda Futhi: Umhlahlandlela Wokugcina Wokukhetha Amakhebula E-Fiber Optic: Imikhuba Namathiphu Angcono Kakhulu

 

III. Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezingxenye Ezinhlotsheni Zezintambo Eziyinhloko ze-Fiber Optic

Imakethe ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezintambo ze-fiber optic, ngayinye yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ake sihlole omunye umehluko obalulekile ezingxenyeni, ukwakheka, nokusebenza phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene.

1. I-Single-Mode Fiber (SMF)

I-fiber yemodi eyodwa iklanyelwe ukudluliswa kwebanga elide futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokuxhumana ngocingo nasezinhlelweni ezidonsa isikhathi eside. Inobubanzi obuwumgogodla obuncane, ngokuvamile obuzungeze ama-microns angu-9, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwemodi eyodwa yokukhanya. I-SMF inikeza umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kanye nokunciphisa isignali ephansi, okuyenza ifaneleke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukudluliswa kwedatha okude, okushesha kakhulu. Isakhiwo sayo esihlangene senza ukuba isignali isakaze kahle futhi inciphise ukuhlakazeka, iqinisekise ukudluliswa kwesignali okucacile nokuthembekile. >> Buka Okwengeziwe

2. I-Multimode Fiber (MMF)

Ifayibha ye-Multimode ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zebanga elifushane njengamanethiwekhi endawo (ama-LAN) nezikhungo zedatha. Inobubanzi obuwumgogodla obukhudlwana, ngokuvamile obusuka kuma-microns angama-50 kuye kwangama-62.5, okuvumela izindlela eziningi zokukhanya ukuthi zisakazeke kanyekanye. I-MMF inikezela ngezixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu zamabanga amafushane, njengoba ububanzi obuyingqikithi obukhudlwana buvumela ukuhlangana okulula kwemithombo yokukhanya nezixhumi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusabalalisa kwe-modal, okubangela ukuhlanekezelwa kwesignali, ibanga lokudlulisela elifinyelelekayo lifushane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa ne-fiber yemodi eyodwa.. >> Buka Okwengeziwe

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwemodi Eyodwa kanye Nezintambo Eziningi Zemodi Ye-Fiber Optic

Imodi eyodwa kanye nemodi eminingi izintambo ze-fiber optic ziyizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezintambo ze-fiber optic, wkuyilapho kokubili imicu yemodi eyodwa kanye ne-multimode inezingxenye eziyisisekelo ezifanayo, yona zihluke ku ukwakhiwa kwazo, izinto zokwakha, kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu, isibonelo, i-core diameter, i-cladding material, i-bandwidth, nemikhawulo yebanga. Amafayibha emodi eyodwa ahlinzeka ngomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kanye nokwesekwa kokudluliswa kwebanga elide, okuwenza alungele amanethiwekhi amade nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezinesivinini esikhulu. Amafayibha emodi eminingi ahlinzeka ngomkhawulokudonsa ophansi onamabanga amafushane wokudlulisela, okuwenza alungele ama-LAN, ukuxhumana kwebanga elifushane, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomkhawulokudonsa ophansi. Ithebula elingezansi lifingqa umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwezintambo ze-fiber optic zemodi eyodwa nemodi eningi.

 

Imigomo	I-Fiber yemodi eyodwa	Imultimode Fibre
Ububanzi be-Core	Izimpawu ezingama-8-10	Izimpawu ezingama-50-62.5
Isivinini sokuthutha	Kufika kuma-100 Gbps	Kufika kuma-10 Gbps
Umkhawulo Webanga	Kufika ku-10 km	Kufika ku-2 km
I-Cladding Material	Ingilazi ehlanzekile	Ingilazi noma ipulasitiki
Izicelo	Amanethiwekhi ohambo olude, ukuxhumana okunesivinini esikhulu	I-LAN, ukuxhumana kwebanga elifushane, izinhlelo zokusebenza zomkhawulokudonsa ophansi

 

3. I-Plastic Optical Fiber (POF)

I-Plastic optical fiber, njengoba negama libonisa, isebenzisa umgogodla wepulasitiki esikhundleni sengilazi. I-POF isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukuxhumana okunezindleko eziphansi, nebanga elifushane. Inikeza amadayimitha angumongo amakhudlwana, ngokuvamile acishe abe yimilimitha engu-1, okwenza kube lula ukuphatha nokusebenza ngawo uma kuqhathaniswa namafayibha engilazi. Nakuba i-POF inokuncishiswa okuphezulu kanye nomkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa namafayibha engilazi, inikeza izinzuzo mayelana nokuguquguquka, ukufakwa kalula, nokumelana nokugoba, okuyenza ifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zezimboni nezezimoto.

 

Ukusiza ukubona ngeso lengqondo umehluko wezingxenye kumakhebuli e-fiber optic ahlukene, bheka ithebula elilandelayo:

 

Uphiko	I-Fiber yemodi eyodwa	Imultimode Fibre	I-Plastic Optical Fiber (POF)
Ubukhulu be-Core	Okuncane (cishe ama-microns angu-9)	Okukhudlwana (50-62.5 microns)	Okukhudlwana (1 millimeter)
Uhlobo Lokuvala	Ingilazi ehlanzekile	Ingilazi noma ipulasitiki	Akukho ukuvala
I-Coating Material	I-polymer (i-acrylate/i-polyimide)	I-polymer (i-acrylate/i-polyimide)	I-Polymer (iyahluka)
Amandla Amalungu	Imicu ye-Aramid noma i-fiberglass	Imicu ye-Aramid noma i-fiberglass	Akuphoqelekile
Izinto zeJacket	I-Thermoplastic (PVC/PE)	I-Thermoplastic (PVC/PE)	I-Thermoplastic (iyahlukahluka)
Izixhumanisi	Izinketho ezahlukahlukene ziyatholakala	Izinketho ezahlukahlukene ziyatholakala	Izinketho ezahlukahlukene ziyatholakala

 

Leli thebula linikeza ukuqhathanisa okufingqiwe kosayizi oyinhloko, uhlobo lwe-cladding, i-coating material, ukuba khona kwamalungu anamandla, nezinto zejakhethi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezintambo ze-fiber optic. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile ekukhetheni ikhebula elifaneleka kakhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.

 

Ungathanda: Uhlu Oluphelele lwe-Fiber Optic Cable Terminology

 

III. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezingxenye ku-Speciaty Fiber Optic Cables

1. Izintambo Zokudonsa Umnsalo

Amakhebuli Wokulahla Wohlobo Lomnsalo awuhlobo lwekhebula le-fiber optic ekhethekile elakhelwe ngokuqondile izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulahla ngaphandle, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi e-fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). Lezi zintambo zaziwa ngesakhiwo sazo esiyisicaba, esifana neribhoni, esivumela ukufakwa kalula futhi ukuqedwa ekufakweni kwasemoyeni noma ngaphansi komhlaba. I-Bow-Type Drop Cables inikezela ngezinhlobo ezingaphansi ezimbalwa, ngayinye ihambisana nezidingo ezithile zokufakwa.

  

Ikhebula Lokulahla Lohlobo Oluzisekelayo (GJYXFCH)

 

Ikhebula Le-Bow-Type Drop elizisekelayo, elaziwa nangokuthi I-GJYXFCH, yakhelwe ukufakwa emoyeni ngaphandle kokudinga izintambo ezengeziwe zokusekela. Le ntambo ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle, ihlinzeka ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu komshini kanye nemvelo. Inesakhiwo seribhoni esiyisicaba futhi ingamelana nezimo zezulu eziyinselele. Ukungabikho kwamalungu anamandla kunciphisa isisindo futhi kwenza ukufakwa kube lula.

 

Ikhebuli yokudonsa yohlobo lwe-Bow (GJXFH)

 

Ikhebula Lokulahla Lohlobo Lomnsalo, noma GJXFH, ifanele kokubili ukufakwa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle lapho ukusekelwa okwengeziwe kungadingeki. Le ntambo inikeza ukuguquguquka nokulula kokufaka, okuyenza ibe yisixazululo esisebenzayo sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene zokudonsa. Isakhiwo seribhoni eyisicaba kanye nomklamo ongasindi kunika amandla ukuphatha nokunqanyulwa okulula.

 

Ikhebuli yokudonsa ye-Strength Bow-Type Drop (GJXFA)

 

Ikhebula Lokulahla Lohlobo Lomnsalo Wamandla, elihlonzwe ngokuthi I-GJXFA, ihlanganisa amalungu anamandla engeziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvikelwa komshini. Lawa malungu anamandla, ngokuvamile enziwe ngamafayibha e-aramid noma i-fiberglass, ahlinzeka ngokuqina okwengeziwe nokumelana nezinto ezicindezelayo zangaphandle. Le ntambo ifanele ukufakwa okuyinselele, okuhlanganisa amapayipi noma izindawo ezinokhahlo lapho kudingeka khona amandla engeziwe.

 

Ikhebuli yokudonsa yohlobo lwe-Bow-Type for Duct (GJYXFHS)

 

Ikhebula Lokulahla Lohlobo Lomnsalo, ngezinye izikhathi elibizwa ngokuthi I-GJYXFHS, yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukufakwa emiseleni. Inikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezingaphansi komhlaba. Le ntambo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kumasistimu epayipi, ehlinzeka ngokuvikeleka nokuqinisekisa umzila osebenza kahle wefayibha. Inikeza izinketho zokubala ezine-fiber ephezulu, evumela ukwanda komthamo ekufakweni kwamapayipi.

 

Ukuqhathanisa Ikhebula Nezingxenye Ezibalulekile

 

Ukuze usize ukuqonda umehluko nezici zohlobo ngalunye oluncane lwekhebula lokulahla i-Bow-Type, cabanga ngokuqhathanisa okulandelayo:

 

Uhlobo lwekhamera	Imicu ye-Fiber	Isakhiwo seribhoni	Amandla Amalungu	Ukugoqa	esinemthombo	Isixhumi
Ikhebula Lokulahla Lohlobo Oluzisekelayo (GJYXFCH)	Iyahluka	Ribbon	Akukho noma uyazikhethela	Ingilazi ehlanzekile	I-Acrylate noma i-Polyimide	SC, LC, noma GPX
Ikhebuli yokudonsa yohlobo lwe-Bow (GJXFH)	Iyahluka	Ribbon	None	Ingilazi noma iPlastiki	I-Acrylate noma i-Polyimide	SC, LC, noma GPX
Ikhebuli yokudonsa ye-Strength Bow-Type Drop (GJXFA)	Iyahluka	Ribbon	Imicu ye-Aramid noma i-fiberglass	Ingilazi noma iPlastiki	I-Acrylate noma i-Polyimide	SC, LC, noma GPX
Ikhebuli yokudonsa yohlobo lwe-Bow-Type for Duct (GJYXFHS)	Iyahluka	Ribbon	Akukho noma uyazikhethela	Ingilazi noma iPlastiki	I-Acrylate noma i-Polyimide	SC, LC, noma GPX

  

Lawa maCable-Type Drop Cables abelana ngezici ezivamile njengesakhiwo seribhoni eyisicaba kanye nokunqanyulwa kalula. Nokho, uhlobo lwekhebula ngalunye lunezinzuzo ezihlukile, izimo zokusetshenziswa, nezingxenye ezibalulekile.

 

Khumbula ukucabangela lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile, izinzuzo, nezimo zokusetshenziswa lapho ukhetha Ikhebula Lokulahla Lohlobo Lomnsalo elifanelekile le-FTTH yakho noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulahla ngaphandle.

 

Ungathanda: I-Demystifying Fiber Optic Cable Standards: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele

 

2. Izintambo Ze-Fiber Ezikhali

Izintambo ze-armored fiber ziklanyelwe ukunikeza ukuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe nokuhlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni eziyinselele. Zihlanganisa izendlalelo ezengeziwe zezivikelo zokuvikela imicu yefiber entekenteke. Ake sihlole ezinye izinhlobo ezithile zezintambo ze-armored fibre futhi siqhathanise izingxenye zazo ezibalulekile:

 

Ikhebula le-Unitube Light-armored (GYXS/GYXTW)

 

I-Unitube Light-armored Cable, eyaziwa nangokuthi I-GYXS/GYXTW, ifaka idizayini yeshubhu eyodwa onongqimba lwezivikelo zethayiphu yensimbi ukuze kuvikelwe ngokomzimba. Ifanele ukufakwa kwangaphandle kanye ne-aerial, ihlinzeka ngokusebenza okuqinile nokumelana nezinto zemvelo. Ikhebula le-GYXS/GYXTW ngokuvamile linomucu wefibre osukela koku-2 kuye ku-24.

 

Ikhebula Le-Armored Lelungu Le-Stranded Loose Ilungu Elingelona Lensimbi (GYFTA53)

 

I-Stranded Loose Tube Non-metallic Strength Member I-Armored Cable, ehlonzwe ngokuthi I-GYFTA53, ihlanganisa amalungu angewona awensimbi, njengezintambo ze-aramid noma i-fiberglass, ukuze kuqiniswe imishini. Kuhlanganisa ungqimba lwezivikelo zensimbi zikathayela, ezinikeza isivikelo esiphakeme ngokumelene namandla angaphandle. Le ntambo ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingaphandle ezinokhahlo, enikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nomswakama, ukungena kwamanzi, nokulimala kwamagundane. Ikhebula le-GYFTA53 lingaba nesibalo se-fiber strand esisuka ku-2 siye ku-288 noma ngaphezulu.

 

Ikhebula Le-Stranded Loose Tube Light-armored (GYTS/GYTA)

 

I-Stranded Loose Tube Light-armored Cable, ebhalwe ngokuthi I-GYTS/GYTA, iqukethe amashubhu amaningi axegayo, ngalinye liqukethe imicu eminingana yefiber. Ifaka isendlalelo sezivikelo esilula esenziwe ngetheyiphu yensimbi eboshiwe, enikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuguquguquka. Le ntambo ifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene lapho kudingeka khona ukuvikelwa ngomshini, njengokungcwaba okuqondile noma ukufakwa emoyeni. Ikhebuli ye-GYTS/GYTA ivamise ukunikeza ukubala kwe-fiber strand kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-288 noma ngaphezulu.

 

I-Stranded Loose Tube Non-metallic Strength Ilungu Lekhebuli Engelona I-Armored (GYFTY)

 

I-Stranded Loose Tube Non-metallic Strength Member Non-Armored Cable, ebizwa ngokuthi GYFTY, ihlanganisa amalungu angewona awensimbi ukuze kusekelwe imishini kodwa ayifaki isendlalelo sezivikelo. Ihlinzeka ngezibalo eziphezulu ze-fiber futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekufakweni kwangaphakathi nangaphandle lapho ukuvikelwa kwezikhali kungadingeki kodwa ukuqina komshini kusabalulekile. Ikhebula le-GYFTY ngokuvamile linomucu we-fiber osukela ku-2 ukuya ku-288 noma ngaphezulu.

 

Ukuqhathanisa Ikhebula Nezingxenye Ezibalulekile

 

Ukuze uqonde umehluko nezici zohlobo ngalunye lwekhebula le-armored fiber, cabanga ngokuqhathanisa okulandelayo:

 

Uhlobo lwekhamera	Imicu ye-Fiber	I-Tube Design	Uhlobo Lwezikhali	Amandla Amalungu	Isixhumi
Ikhebula le-Unitube Light-armored (GYXS/GYXTW)	2 ukuze 24	Ishubhu eyodwa	Itheyiphu yensimbi eboshiwe	Akukho noma uyazikhethela	SC, LC, GPX
Ikhebula Le-Armored Lelungu Le-Stranded Loose Ilungu Elingelona Lensimbi (GYFTA53)	2 kuya ku-288 noma ngaphezulu	I-tube evulekile ehlanganisiwe	Itheyiphu yensimbi eboshiwe	Izintambo ze-Aramid noma i-fiberglass	SC, LC, GPX
Ikhebula Le-Stranded Loose Tube Light-armored (GYTS/GYTA)	2 kuya ku-288 noma ngaphezulu	I-tube evulekile ehlanganisiwe	Itheyiphu yensimbi eboshiwe	Akukho noma uyazikhethela	SC, LC, GPX
I-Stranded Loose Tube Non-metallic Strength Ilungu Lekhebuli Engelona I-Armored (GYFTY)	2 kuya ku-288 noma ngaphezulu	I-tube evulekile ehlanganisiwe	None	Izintambo ze-Aramid noma i-fiberglass	SC, LC, GPX

 

Lawa makhebula e-armored fibre abelana ngezici ezivamile ezifana nokukhushulwa kokuvikela nokuqina. Kodwa-ke, ziyehluka ngokuya ngedizayini yazo yeshubhu, uhlobo lwezikhali, amalungu amandla, nezinketho zokuxhuma. 

 

Khumbula ukucabangela lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nezimfuneko ezithile zokufaka kwakho lapho ukhetha intambo yefayibha ye-armored efanele yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

3. Ikhebula elincane le-Unitube Non-metallic

The Ikhebula elincane le-Unitube Non-metallic iwuhlobo lwekhebula le-fiber optic elakhelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene lapho usayizi omncane kanye nokuminyana okuphezulu kubalulekile. Le ntambo ivame ukusetshenziswa ekufakweni lapho isikhala silinganiselwe noma lapho kudingeka khona ukuguquguquka. Ake sihlole izingxenye zayo ezibalulekile, izinzuzo, nezimo zokusetshenziswa:

 

Izakhi ezibalulekile

 

Izingxenye ezibalulekile ezitholakala ku-Unitube Non-metallic Micro Cable ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

 

• Ikhebula le-Fiber Optic: Ikhebula le-fiber optic liyingxenye eyinhloko ye-Unitube Non-metallic Micro Cable. Iqukethe imicu ye-optical ethwala izimpawu kanye nejazi elivikelayo eligcina imicu iphephile emonakalweni.
• Ijakhethi Langaphandle: Ijakhethi yangaphandle yenziwe ngezinto ezingezona ezensimbi, njenge-high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Leli bhantshi lihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka komshini kukhebuli futhi liklanyelwe ukumelana nezimo zemvelo eziqinile, okuhlanganisa ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nomswakama.
• Amalungu Amandla: Amalungu amandla atholakala ngaphansi kwejakhethi yangaphandle futhi ahlinzeka ngokusekela okwengeziwe kukhebula. Kukhebula elincane le-Unitube Non-metallic Micro, amalungu amandla ngokuvamile enziwa nge-aramid fiber noma i-fiberglass futhi asize ukuvikela ikhebula ekucindezelekeni, ekucindezelekeni, nasekuwohlokeni.
• Izinto Zokuvimbela Amanzi: I-Unitube Non-metallic Micro Cable ivamise ukuklanywa ngezinto ezivimba amanzi eduze kwekhebula le-fiber optic. Le nto iklanyelwe ukuvimbela amanzi noma umswakama ukungena kukhebula, okungabangela ukulimala kwezintambo.

 

Izinzuzo

 

I-Unitube Non-metallic Micro Cable inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa:

 

• Usayizi omncane: Idizayini yayo ehlangene iyenza ifanelekele ukufakwa lapho isikhala silinganiselwe noma lapho kudingeka khona ukuthunyelwa kwefayibha ephezulu.
• Ukuvumelana nezimo: Ukwakhiwa okungeyona insimbi kunikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu, okuvumela umzila nokufakwa kalula ezindaweni eziqinile.
• Ukuvikelwa: Idizayini ye-unitube ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka ezintweni zangaphandle, ezinjengomswakama, amagundane, nokucindezeleka komshini.
• Ukunqanyulwa Okwenziwa Lula: Idizayini yeshubhu eyodwa yenza kube lula ukunqanyulwa kanye nezinqubo zokuhlanganisa, konga isikhathi nomzamo ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

 

Izimo Zokusebenzisa

 

I-Unitube Non-metallic Micro Cable ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa:

 

• Ukufakwa Kwangaphakathi: Ifanele ukufakwa kwasendlini, njengezikhungo zedatha, izakhiwo zamahhovisi, nezindawo zokuhlala, lapho kudingeka khona izixazululo zekhebula ezihlangene nezivumelana nezimo.
• Amanethiwekhi e-FTTH: Usayizi omncane wekhebuli nokuguquguquka kuyenza ifaneleke kumanethiwekhi we-fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), okuvumela ukuxhumeka okusebenzayo ezakhiweni ngazinye.
• Izindawo Eziminyana Kakhulu: Ifaneleka kahle ukufakwa ezindaweni eziminyana kakhulu, lapho izintambo eziningi zidinga umzila phakathi kwezikhala ezilinganiselwe.

 

I-Unitube Non-metallic Micro Cable ihlinzeka ngesixazululo esihlangene, esivumelana nezimo, nesithembekile sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene ze-fiber optic. Cabangela lezi zinzuzo kanye nezidingo ezithile zokufaka kwakho lapho ukhetha le ntambo yephrojekthi yakho.

4. Ikhebula Lomfanekiso 8 (GYTC8A)

The Umfanekiso 8 Ikhebula, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-GYTC8A, iwuhlobo lwekhebuli ye-fiber optic yangaphandle enomklamo oyingqayizivele wesibalo esiyisishiyagalombili. Le ntambo ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukufakwa emoyeni futhi ingaxhunywa ezintanjeni zezithunywa noma ukuzisekela ezimeni ezithile. Ake sihlole izingxenye zayo ezibalulekile, izinzuzo, nezimo zokusetshenziswa:

 

Izakhi ezibalulekile

 

Izingxenye ezibalulekile ezitholakala kuFigure 8 Cable (GYTC8A) ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

 

• I-Fiber Strands: Le ntambo iqukethe ama-fiber strands amaningi, ngokuvamile asukela ku-2 kuya ku-288, kuye ngokucushwa okukhethekile kanye nezidingo.
• Idizayini Yomfanekiso Wesishiyagalombili: Ikhebula lakhiwe ngendlela yesibalo sesishiyagalombili, elinemicu ephakathi nendawo yesakhiwo.
• Amalungu Amandla: Kuhlanganisa amalungu anamandla, ngokuvamile enziwe ngezintambo ze-aramid noma i-fiberglass, ehlinzeka ngokusekela komshini futhi ithuthukise amandla okunyakazisa kwekhebula.
• Umgodla Wangaphandle: Ikhebula livikelwa umgodla wangaphandle oqinile, ovikela imicu ezintweni zemvelo njengomswakama, imisebe ye-UV, nokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa.

 

Izinzuzo

 

Ikhebula Lomfanekiso 8 (GYTC8A) linikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa:

 

• Ukufakwa kwasemoyeni: Idizayini yayo yesishiyagalombili iyenza ifaneleke ukufakwa emoyeni, lapho ikhebula lingaxhunywa ezintanjeni zezithunywa noma lizisekele ngokwalo phakathi kwezigxobo.
• Amandla Mechanical: Ukuba khona kwamalungu amandla kuthuthukisa ukuqina kokusebenza kwekhebula, kuyivumela ukuthi imelane nokushuba kanye namanye amandla angaphandle phakathi nokufakwa nokusebenza.
• Ukuvikelwa Ezintweni Zemvelo: I-sheath yangaphandle ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka emazingeni omswakama, emisebeni ye-UV, nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, iqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezingaphandle.
• Ukufakwa okulula: Idizayini yekhebula isiza ukufakwa okulula nezinqubo zokunqanyulwa, konga isikhathi nomzamo phakathi nokuthunyelwa.

 

Izimo Zokusebenzisa

 

I-Figure 8 Cable (GYTC8A) ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zangaphandle, okuhlanganisa:

 

• I-Aerial Fiber Optic Networks: Isatshalaliswa kabanzi ukuze kufakwe i-aerial fibre optic, njengezigxobo ezingaphezulu, phakathi kwezakhiwo, noma emizileni yezinsiza.
• Amanethiwekhi Ezokuxhumana: Ikhebuli ifaneleka kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana amabanga amade, ehlinzeka ngokudluliswa kwedatha okuphumelelayo phezu kwezikhala ezinwetshiwe.
• I-TV yekhebula kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-inthanethi: Isetshenziswa ku-cable TV namanethiwekhi okusabalalisa i-inthanethi adinga ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokuphezulu komkhawulokudonsa.

 

I-Figure 8 Cable (GYTC8A) inikeza isisombululo esiqinile nesithembekile sokufakwa emoyeni kwangaphandle. Cabangela lezi zinzuzo kanye nezidingo ezithile zokufaka kwakho lapho ukhetha le ntambo yephrojekthi yakho.

5. Yonke i-Dielectric Self-supporting Aerial Cable (ADSS)

I-All Dielectric Self-supporting Aerial Cable, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi I-ADSS, iwuhlobo lwekhebula le-fiber optic elakhelwe ukufakwa emoyeni ngaphandle kwesidingo sezintambo ezengeziwe zokusekela noma izintambo zezithunywa. Amakhebuli e-ADSS aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukumelana nezingcindezi zemishini nezimo zemvelo ezihlangatshezwana nazo ekusetshenzisweni emoyeni kwangaphandle. Ake sihlole izingxenye zayo ezibalulekile, izinzuzo, nezimo zokusetshenziswa:

 

Izakhi ezibalulekile

 

Izingxenye ezibalulekile ezitholakala ku-All Dielectric Self-supporting Aerial Cable (ADSS) ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

 

• I-Fiber Strands: Le ntambo iqukethe ama-fiber strands amaningi, ngokuvamile asukela ku-12 kuya ku-288 noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngokucushwa okukhethekile kanye nezidingo.
• Amalungu Amandla e-Dielectric: Amakhebuli e-ADSS afaka amalungu anamandla e-dielectric, ngokuvamile enziwe ngezintambo ze-aramid noma i-fiberglass, ehlinzeka ngokusekela ngomshini futhi ithuthukise amandla okuqina kwekhebula ngaphandle kokwethula izici zokuqondisa.
• I-Loose Tube Design: Imicu igcinwa kumashubhu axegayo, ayivikela ezicini zemvelo zangaphandle njengomswakama, uthuli, nemisebe ye-UV.
• Umgodla Wangaphandle: Ikhebuli ivikelwe igobolondo langaphandle eliqinile elinikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ezicini zendawo ezungezile njengomswakama, ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa, nokucindezeleka komshini.

 

Izinzuzo

 

I-All Dielectric Self-supporting Aerial Cable (ADSS) inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa, ezihlanganisa:

 

• Idizayini yokuzisekela: Amakhebuli e-ADSS aklanyelwe ukusekela isisindo sawo kanye nokungezwani okusetshenziswa phakathi nokufakwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sezintambo ezingeziwe zezithunywa noma ukwesekwa kwensimbi.
• Ukwakha Okungasindi: Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-dielectric kwenza izintambo ze-ADSS zibe lula, zinciphise umthwalo ezakhiweni ezisekelayo nokwenza lula ukufakwa.
• I-Insulation Enhle Kagesi: Ukungabi bikho kwezingxenye zensimbi kuqinisekisa ukufakwa kukagesi okuphezulu, kususa ubungozi bokuphazanyiswa kukagesi noma izinkinga ezihlobene namandla kunethiwekhi.
• Ukumelana Nezici Zemvelo: Umgodla wangaphandle kanye nomklamo wezintambo ze-ADSS unikeza isivikelo esihle kakhulu kumswakama, emisebeni ye-UV, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, nezinye izakhi zemvelo, okuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside.

 

Izimo Zokusebenzisa

 

I-All Dielectric Self-supporting Aerial Cable (ADSS) ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zasemoyeni zangaphandle, okuhlanganisa:

 

• Amanethiwekhi Okusetshenziswa kwamandla: Izintambo ze-ADSS zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumanethiwekhi kagesi ukuze zokuxhumana kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha eduze kwezintambo zikagesi.
• Amanethiwekhi Ezokuxhumana: Asetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana ngocingo, okuhlanganisa namanethiwekhi omgogodla wamabanga amade, ahlinzeka ngoxhumano oluthembekile lokudluliswa kwezwi, idatha, nevidiyo.
• Ukuthunyelwa Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya Nezasemadolobheni: Izintambo ze-ADSS zifanele ukufakwa emoyeni ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha, ezihlinzeka ngoxhumano olusebenzayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zejografi.

 

I-All Dielectric Self-supporting Aerial Cable (ADSS) inikeza isisombululo esithembekile nesisebenzayo sokufakwa kwe-aerial fibre optic. Cabangela lezi zinzuzo kanye nezidingo ezithile zokufaka kwakho lapho ukhetha le ntambo yephrojekthi yakho.

 

Ngale kwamafiber optical ashiwo, kunezintambo ezikhethekile zefiber optic eziklanyelwe izinjongo ezithile. Lokhu kubandakanya:

 

• I-dispersion-shifted fiber: Ilungiselelwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlakazwa kwe-chromatic, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha enesivinini esikhulu ebangeni elide.
• Ifayibha engashintshiwe ye-non-zero dispersion-shifted: Idizayinelwe ukunxephezela ukusabalalisa ngamaza amaza athile, iqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwebanga elide okusebenzayo nokuhlanekezela okuncane.
• I-fiber egobekile: Iklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesignali kanye nokuhlanekezela ngisho nalapho ingaphansi kokugoba okuqinile noma izimo zemvelo ezinzima.
• I-armored fiber: Kuqiniswe ngezendlalelo ezengeziwe, njengensimbi noma i-kevlar, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe ekulimaleni ngokomzimba noma ukuhlaselwa kwamagundane, okuzenza zifanelekele izindawo zangaphandle nezinzima.

I-Dispersion-shifted Fiber

I-dispersion-shifted fiber iwuhlobo olukhethekile lwefayibha yokubona eyenzelwe ukunciphisa ukuhlakazeka, okuwukusabalalisa amasignali okubona njengoba ihamba phakathi kwefayibha. Yenzelwe ukuthi i-zero-dispersion wavelength yayo igudluke iye kubude begagasi ende, ngokuvamile obuzungeze u-1550 nm. Ake sihlole izingxenye zayo ezibalulekile, izinzuzo, nezimo zokusetshenziswa:

 

Izakhi ezibalulekile

 

Izingxenye ezibalulekile ezitholakala ku-dispersion-shifted fiber ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

 

• Core: Umnyombo uyingxenye emaphakathi yefayibha ethwala izimpawu zokukhanya. Kumafayibha ashintshiwe ahlakazeka, umongo uvamise ukwenziwa ngengilazi ye-silica ehlanzekile futhi yakhelwe ukuba nendawo encane esebenzayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlakazeka.
• Ukuvala: I-cladding ungqimba lwengilazi ye-silica ezungeza umongo futhi isiza ukuvala amasignali okukhanya ngaphakathi kwenkambo. Inkomba ye-refractive ye-cladding iphansi kunaleyo yomgogodla, okudala umngcele obonisa amasignali okukhanya abuyele kumongo.
• I-Dispersion-Shifted Profile: Iphrofayili ye-dispersion-shifted iyisici esiyingqayizivele se-dispersion-shifted fibers. Iphrofayili yakhelwe ukuguqula ubude beza beza obuyiziro-ukuhlakazeka befayibha buyiswe kubude begagasi lapho ukulahlekelwa kokubona kuncishisiwe. Lokhu kuvumela ukudluliswa kwamasignali ezinga eliphezulu ebangeni elide ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela okubalulekile kwesignali.
• Ukugqoka: I-coating iyingqimba yokuzivikela esetshenziswa phezu kwe-cladding ukuvikela i-fiber emonakalweni futhi inikeze amandla engeziwe ku-fiber. I-coating ngokuvamile yenziwe nge-polymer material.

 

Izinzuzo

 

• Ukuhlakazeka Okuncishisiwe: I-fiber eguquliwe inciphisa ukuhlakazeka kwechromatic, ivumela ukudluliswa okusebenzayo kwamasiginali okubona kumabanga amade ngaphandle kokusabalala kwe-pulse okubalulekile noma ukuhlanekezela.
• Amabanga amade okudlulisela: Izici zokuhlakazeka ezincishisiwe zefayibha eguquliwe zinika amandla amabanga amade okudlulisela, okuyenza ifaneleke kumasistimu okuxhumana okudonsa isikhathi eside.
• Amanani edatha aphezulu: Ngokunciphisa ukuhlakazeka, i-fiber eguquliwe isekela ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu kanye namazinga aphezulu edatha ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvuselelwa njalo kwesignali yokubona.

 

Izimo Zokusebenzisa

 

I-dispersion-shifted fiber ithola ukusetshenziswa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

 

• Amanethiwekhi Okuxhumana Okude: Ifayibha eshintshwayo ehlakazwayo ivamise ukuthunyelwa kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana ohambo olude lapho amanani edatha aphezulu kanye namabanga amade okudlulisela kudingeka. Kuyasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukudluliswa kwedatha okuthembekile nokusebenza kahle ngezikhathi ezinwetshiwe.
• Amanethiwekhi Anamandla Aphezulu: Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nomgogodla we-inthanethi, izikhungo zedatha, namanethiwekhi omkhawulokudonsa ophezulu angazuza ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kanye nomthamo owengeziwe ohlinzekwa yi-fiber eguquliwe.

 

Ifayibha eshintshwayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvumeleni ukudluliswa kwedatha okusebenzayo nokuthembekile emabangeni amade, ikakhulukazi kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana ohambo olude adinga amanani aphezulu wedatha. Izici zayo ezincishisiwe zokuhlakazeka zinomthelela ekusebenzeni okuphelele kanye namandla wezinhlelo ze-fiber optic.

I-Non-zero Dispersion-shifted Fiber

I-non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZDSF) iwuhlobo olukhethekile lwefayibha yokubona eklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukuhlakazeka ebangeni elithile le-wavelength, ngokuvamile elizungeze u-1550 nm, lapho ifayibha ibonisa inani elincane kodwa elingelona uziro lokuhlakazeka. Lesi sici sivumela ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe ezinhlelweni ze-wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). Ake sihlole izici zayo ezibalulekile, izinzuzo, nezimo zokusebenzisa:

 

Izakhi ezibalulekile

 

Izingxenye ezibalulekile ezitholakala ku-Non-zero Dispersion-shifted Fiber ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

 

• Core: Njengezinye izinhlobo zemicu ye-optical, umongo uyisifunda sefayibha lapho ukukhanya kwanda khona. Kodwa-ke, umnyombo we-NZ-DSF uklanywe ngendawo enkulu ephumelelayo kunemicu evamile ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yezinto ezingezona umugqa njengokuguquguquka kwesigaba somuntu siqu.
• Ukuvala: Njengezinye izinhlobo zefiber, i-NZ-DSF izungezwe ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe. I-cladding ngokuvamile yenziwe ngengilazi ye-silica ehlanzekile futhi inenkomba ye-refractive ephansi kancane kunomongo, okusiza ukuvala ukukhanya kumongo.
• Iphrofayili Yenkomba Yezinga: I-NZ-DSF inephrofayili yenkomba yezinga enkabeni yayo, okusho ukuthi inkomba ye-refractive ye-core iyancipha kancane kancane isuka enkabeni iye emaphethelweni. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa imiphumela yokuhlakazeka kwe-modal futhi kunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuhlakazeka kwefayibha.
• I-Non-zero Dispersion Slope: Isici esiyinhloko se-NZ-DSF i-non-zero dispersion slope, okusho ukuthi ukuhlakazeka kuyahlukahluka ngobude begagasi, kodwa i-zero-dispersion wavelength iyasuswa kusukela kubude begagasi obusebenzayo. Lokhu kuphambene namafayibha aguquliwe, lapho i-zero-dispersion wavelength ishintshelwa kubude begagasi obusebenzayo. I-non-zero dispersion slope fiber yakhelwe ukunciphisa kokubili ukuhlakazwa kwemodi ye-chromatic ne-polarization, engakhawulela isilinganiso sedatha nebanga elingasekelwa ifayibha.
• Ukugqoka: Okokugcina, njengezinye izinhlobo ze-fiber, i-NZ-DSF ihlanganiswe nongqimba lwezinto zokuzivikela, ngokuvamile i-polymer coating, ukuvikela i-fiber emonakalweni wemishini kanye nemiphumela yemvelo.

 

Izimpawu Ezisemqoka

 

• Ukuthuthukisa Ukusabalalisa: Ifayibha engashintshiwe ye-non-zero dispersion-shifted iklanywe ngezinto eziklanywe ngokukhethekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlakazeka ebangeni elithile le-wavelength, okuvumela ukudluliswa okuphumelelayo kwamaza wamaza amaningi ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu.
• Ukuhlakazeka okungeyona iqanda: Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zefayibha, ezingase zibe nokusabalalisa okuyiziro kubude begagasi obuthile, i-NZDSF ibonisa ngamabomu inani elincane, elingelona uziro lokuhlakazeka kububanzi obuqondisiwe bobude begagasi.
• Ububanzi be-Wavelength: Izici zokuhlakazeka ze-NZDSF zenzelwe ibanga elithile le-wavelength, ngokuvamile eliba ngu-1550 nm, lapho ifayibha ibonisa ukuziphatha kwayo okuncishisiwe kokuhlakazeka.

 

Izinzuzo

 

• Ukusebenza Kwe-WDM Okulungiselelwe: I-NZDSF iklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukuhlakazeka kububanzi be-wavelength obusetshenziselwa izinhlelo ze-WDM, ivumela ukudluliswa okuphumelelayo kwamaza wamaza amaningi ngasikhathi sinye kanye nokukhulisa umthamo wefayibha wokudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu.
• Amabanga amade okudlulisela: Izici ezincishisiwe zokuhlakazeka ze-NZDSF zivumela ukudluliswa kwebanga elide ngaphandle kokusabalala kwe-pulse okuphawulekayo noma ukuhlanekezela, okuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okuthembekile phezu kwe-span enwetshiwe.
• Amanani edatha aphezulu: I-NZDSF isekela amanani edatha aphezulu kanye nokwanda komthamo wokudlulisela, okuyenza ifaneleke ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana eziphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa nobuchwepheshe be-WDM.

 

Izimo Zokusebenzisa

 

I-non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber ivamise ukusetshenziswa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

 

• Amasistimu we-Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM): I-NZDSF ifaneleka kahle kumasistimu e-WDM, lapho amaza amaza amaningi asakazwa kanyekanye ngefayibha eyodwa. Izici zayo ezithuthukisiwe zokusabalalisa zivumela ukudluliswa okuphumelelayo kanye nokuphindaphinda kwamasignali optical.
• Amanethiwekhi Okuxhumana Okude: I-non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber isetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana ahamba ibanga elide ukuze kuzuzwe amanani aphezulu wedatha kanye namabanga amade okudlulisela ngenkathi kugcinwa ukudluliswa kwedatha okuthembekile nokusebenza kahle.

 

Ifayibha engashintshiwe ye-non-zero dispersion-shifted idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvumeleni ukudluliswa kwedatha okunamandla amakhulu kanye nebanga elide, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ze-WDM. Izici zayo zokuhlakazeka ezithuthukisiwe zivumela ukuphindaphinda okusebenzayo nokudluliswa kwamaza wamaza amaningi.

I-Fiber Engazweli

Ifayibha ye-Bend-insensitive, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-bend-optimized noma i-bend-insensitive single-mode fibre, iwuhlobo lwefayibha yokubona eklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesignali kanye nokuwohloka lapho ingaphansi kokugoba okuqinile noma izingcindezi zemishini. Lolu hlobo lwefayibha luklanyelwe ukugcina ukudluliswa kokukhanya okuphumelelayo ngisho nasezimeni lapho amafayibha endabuko angase ahlangabezane nokulahlekelwa kwesignali okuphawulekayo. Ake sihlole izingxenye zayo ezibalulekile, izinzuzo, nezimo zokusetshenziswa:

 

Izakhi ezibalulekile

 

Izingxenye ezibalulekile ezitholakala ku-fiber e-bend-insensitive ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

 

• Core: Umnyombo uyisifunda esimaphakathi sefayibha lapho isignali yokukhanya ihamba khona. Emiculweni engazweli ukugoba, umongo uvame ukuba mkhulu kunalowo wemicu evamile, kodwa usemncane ngokwanele ukuba uthathwe njengefayibha yemodi eyodwa. Umongo omkhulu uklanyelwe ukunciphisa umthelela wokugoba.
• Ukuvala: I-cladding iyisendlalelo esizungeza ingqikithi ukuze kugcinwe isignali yokukhanya ivalelwe kumongo. Amafayibha angezwani nokugoba anomklamo okhethekile wokumboza ovumela ukunciphisa inani lokuhlanekezela kusignali yokukhanya edlula ku-fiber uma igobile. Ukugquma okungazweli ukugoba kuvame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezihluke kancane kunomongo, okusiza ukunciphisa ukungafani phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili.
• Ukugqoka: I-coating isetshenziswa phezu kwe-cladding ukuvikela i-fiber ekucindezelekeni kwemishini kanye nokulimala kwemvelo. I-coating ngokuvamile yenziwe nge-polymer material eguquguqukayo futhi ehlala njalo.
• Iphrofayela ye-Refractive Index: Amafayibha angezwani nokugoba nawo anephrofayili yenkomba ekhethekile ye-refractive ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kwawo kokugoba. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi i-diameter ye-cladding enkulu ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa okugobile kanye nokwenza isicaba kwephrofayela yenkomba ye-refractive ukunciphisa ukuhlakazeka kwe-modal.

 

Izinzuzo

 

• Ukulahleka Kwesiginali Okuncishisiwe: Ifayibha engezwani nokugoba inciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesignali kanye nokuwohloka ngisho nalapho ingaphansi kokugoba okuqinile noma izingcindezi zemishini, iqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okuthembekile.
• Ukuvumelana nezimo kanye nokwethembeka okuthuthukisiwe: Ifayibha engazweli egobile ivumelana nezimo futhi imelana nokugoba okukhulu nokuncane kunezinhlobo zefayibha ezivamile. Lokhu kuyenza ithembeke kakhulu ekufakweni lapho ukugoba noma izingcindezi kungenakugwenywa.
• Ukufaka kalula: Ukubekezelela ukugoba okuthuthukisiwe kwalolu hlobo lwefayibha kwenza ukufakwa kube lula, okuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu emzileni nasekusetshenzisweni. Inciphisa isidingo sezimfuneko ze-bend-radius eyeqile futhi inciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kwefayibha ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

 

Izimo Zokusebenzisa

 

I-Bend-insensitive fiber ithola ukusetshenziswa ezimeni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

 

• Ukufakwa kwe-FTTx: I-Bend-insensitive fiber ivamise ukusetshenziswa ku-fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) kanye ne-fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP), lapho inikeza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe ezindaweni eziqinile nezithambekele ekugobeni.
• Izikhungo Zedatha: I-Bend-insensitive fiber inenzuzo ezikhungweni zedatha lapho ukulungiselelwa kwendawo nokuphathwa kwekhebula okuphumelelayo kubalulekile. Ivumela ukwanda kokuguquguquka nokuxhumana okuthembekile ngaphakathi kwezikhala ezivaliwe.
• Ukufakwa Kwangaphakathi: Lolu hlobo lwefayibha lufanele ukufakwa endlini, njengezakhiwo zamahhovisi noma izindawo zokuhlala, lapho kungase kuhlangatshezwane khona nemingcele yesikhala noma ukugoba okuqinile.

 

I-Bend-insensitive fiber inikeza isisombululo esinokwethenjelwa nesiguquguqukayo sezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukulahlekelwa kwesignali ngenxa yokugoba noma ukucindezeleka komshini kuwukukhathazeka. Ukubekezelela ukugoba okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuncishiswa kwesignali okuncishisiwe kuyenza ifaneleke kahle izimo ezihlukahlukene zokufakwa, iqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okuthembekile.

 

Lapho ukhetha ikhebula le-fiber optic elifanele, izici ezifana nebanga elidingekayo lokudlulisela, umkhawulokudonsa, izindleko, indawo yokufaka, kanye nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza kufanele kucatshangelwe. Kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe noma abakhiqizi ukuze uqinisekise uhlobo lwekhebula olukhethiwe luhambisana nenjongo ehlosiwe kanye nemigomo yokusebenza.

  

Kafushane, izinhlobo ezihlukene zezintambo ze-fiber optic ziyahlukahluka ngobubanzi bawo obuyinhloko, izici zokudlulisela, nokufaneleka kwezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kuvumela ukwenza izinqumo unolwazi lapho kukhethwa intambo ye-fiber optic efaneleke kakhulu esimweni esithile.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, izingxenye zezintambo ze-fiber optic zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvumeleni ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esiphezulu namabanga amade. Izintambo ze-fiber, ukuvala, ukunamathela, amalungu aqinile, i-sheath noma ijakhethi, nezixhumi zisebenza ngokuvumelana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwedatha okuthembekile nokusebenza kahle. Sibonile ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswa engxenyeni ngayinye, njengengilazi noma ipulasitiki yomgogodla, okokuvikelayo, namalungu aqinile, okunikela ngayo ekusebenzeni nasekuqineni kwezintambo ze-fiber optic.

 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, sihlole izinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo ze-fiber optic, okuhlanganisa i-fiber-mode eyodwa, i-multimode fiber, ne-plastic optical fiber, ngayinye enezici zayo ezihlukile nezindlela zokusebenza. Siphinde sabhekana nemibuzo evamile mayelana nezingxenye zekhebula le-fiber optic, njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokwehluka phakathi kwabakhiqizi abahlukene.

 

Ukuqonda izingxenye zezintambo ze-fiber optic kubalulekile ekukhetheni ikhebula elifaneleka kakhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, izintambo ze-fiber optic kanye nezingxenye zazo zizoqhubeka zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhubekiseni umhlaba wethu oxhumene phambili. Ngokuhlala sinolwazi ngalezi zingxenye, singasebenzisa amandla ezintambo ze-fiber optic futhi samukele izinzuzo zokudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo, okuthembekile, nokusebenza kahle ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene nempilo yansuku zonke.