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Iyunithi ye-Antenna Tuning

I-Antenna Tuning Unit (ATU) iyisisetshenziswa se-elekthronikhi esisetshenziselwa ukufanisa ukuvinjelwa kohlelo lwe-antenna kumthumeli noma umamukeli. I-impedance yesistimu ye-antenna ingahluka kuye ngezinto ezifana nemvamisa yokusebenza, ubude be-antenna, nendawo ezungezile.

 

I-ATU isiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwe-antenna ngokulungisa i-impedance ukuze ihambisane nobubanzi befrikhwensi oyifunayo. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ama-capacitor alungisekayo, ama-inductors, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili ukulungisa ubude bukagesi bothi.

 

Buka uchungechunge lwethu lwamavidiyo okwakhiwa kwe-10kW AM esizeni e-Cabanatuan, e-Philippines:

 

 

Amanye amagama afanayo e-Antenna Tuning Unit (ATU) afaka:

 

  • I-Antenna Matcher
  • I-Antenna Tuner
  • I-Impedans Match Unit
  • I-Antenna Coupler
  • I-Antenna Matching Network
  • Ishuna ye-SWR noma ibhuloho le-SWR (lokhu kubhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-ATU ezikala I-Standing Wave Ratio).

 

Imvamisa, i-ATU itholakala phakathi kwe-transmitter noma isamukeli nohlelo lwe-antenna. Uma isistimu ivuliwe, i-ATU ingase isetshenziselwe "ukushuna" i-antenna ebangeni lefrikhwensi oyifunayo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokulungisa izakhi ku-ATU kuze kube yilapho ukuvinjelwa kwe-antenna kufana nokuvinjelwa komthumeli noma umamukeli.

 

Ama-ATU asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuxhumana ngomsakazo, ukusakazwa kwethelevishini, nokuxhumana ngesathelayithi. Ziwusizo ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho uthi lungakhelwanga ubuningi obuthile obusetshenziswayo, njengakumadivayisi aphathwayo noma aphathwayo.

 

Sekukonke, i-ATU iyingxenye ebalulekile kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-antenna, njengoba isiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza okuphezulu.

Yiziphi izakhiwo zeyunithi yokushuna kwezinti?
I-Antenna Tuning Unit (ATU) ingaba nezakhiwo ezihlukene ngokuya ngedizayini ethile kanye nesicelo, kodwa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa inhlanganisela yezinto ezilandelayo:

1. Ama-Capacitor: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-capacitance ye-ATU circuit, engashintsha imvamisa ye-resonance ye-circuit jikelele.

2. Ama-Inductors: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-inductance ye-ATU circuit, engashintsha futhi imvamisa ye-resonance ye-circuit jikelele.

3. I-Varable Resistors: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukumelana kwesifunda, okungase futhi kube nomthelela kumvamisa ye-resonance yesifunda.

4. Ama-Transformer: Lezi zingxenye zingasetshenziswa ukukhuphula noma ukwehlisela phansi i-impedment yohlelo lwe-antenna ukuze lufane nokuphazamiseka komthumeli noma umamukeli.

5. Ukudlulisa: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma noma ukunqamula izingxenye zesekethe ye-ATU, ezingaba usizo ekushintsheni phakathi kwamabhendi efrikhwensi ahlukene.

6. Ibhodi Lesekethe: Izingxenye ze-ATU zingafakwa ebhodini lesifunda ukuze kube lula ukuhlangana.

Inhlanganisela ethile yezingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ingahluka kuye ngohlelo oluhlosiwe, ibanga lefrikhwensi elifunekayo, indawo etholakalayo, nezinye izici ezingase zibe nomthelela ekwakhiweni. Umgomo we-ATU uwukufanisa ukuthintana kohlelo lwe-antenna kusidlulisi noma umamukeli, ukuze kuzuzwe ukudluliswa kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yesiginali.
Kungani iyunithi yokushuna i-antenna ibalulekile ekusakazeni?
Iyunithi yokushuna i-antenna (ATU) iyadingeka ekusakazeni ngoba isiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-antenna, okubalulekile ekuzuzeni ukudluliswa kwesignali nokwamukelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Uhlelo lwe-antenna yokusakaza ngokuvamile ludinga ukusebenza phezu kwebanga elibanzi lefrikhwensi, okungabangela ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwe-antenna kuhluke kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekusakazeni kwamandla aphezulu, lapho ngisho nokungafani okuncane kokuphazamiseka kungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwesignali.

Ngokulungisa izingxenye ze-ATU, njengama-capacitor, ama-inductors, nama-transformers, i-impedance ye-antenna ingathuthukiswa ukuze ifane neyesidlulisi noma isamukeli. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukulahlekelwa kwesignali nokuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwezinga eliphezulu, amasignali acacile kubalaleli noma ababukeli.

Esiteshini sokusakaza esiphrofeshinali, i-ATU yekhwalithi ephezulu ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasignali ebangeni elide kanye namazinga aphezulu wamandla. I-ATU eklanywe kabi noma eyakhiwe kabi ingathula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kokusakaza, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanekezela kwesignali, ukuphazamiseka, namandla esignali ancishisiwe.

I-ATU yekhwalithi ephezulu eklanyelwe ukusakaza ngokuqondile izoklanywa ukuthi imelane nezimo zemvelo ezinzima, ikwazi ukuguqulwa phakathi kwamafrikhwensi amaningi, futhi yakhiwe ngezici zekhwalithi ephezulu ezikhethelwa ukuqina nokusebenza kwazo. Lokhu kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isignali yokusakaza inamandla futhi icacile ngangokunokwenzeka, ngisho nasezimeni eziyinselele.
Yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo zeyunithi yokushuna i-antenna?
Amayunithi okushuna ama-antenna (ATUs) anezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene kuma-electronics kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana. Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile yilezi:

1. Ukuxhumana Ngomsakazo: Ama-ATU ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni nomsakazo we-amateur ukufanisa ukuthinteka kothi kusidlulisi noma umamukeli ebangeni elibanzi lefrikhwensi. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesignali nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesignali.

2. Ukusakazwa Kwethelevishini: Ekusakazweni kwethelevishini, ama-ATU asetshenziselwa ukufanisa ukuvinjelwa kwe-antenna yokusakaza kumthumeli. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi isignali ilethwa ngamandla amakhulu nokucaca ezibukelini.

3. Ukusakazwa kwe-FM: Ama-ATU aphinde asetshenziswe ekusakazeni kwe-FM ukufanisa ukuthintana kwe-antenna kusidlulisi, ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho ifrikhwensi yokusakaza ingeyona impinda ncamashi ye-resonant frequency ye-antenna. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesignali.

4. Ukusakaza kwe-AM: Ekusakazweni kwe-AM, i-ATU isetshenziselwa ukufanisa ukuvinjelwa kwesistimu ye-antenna kumthumeli, okusiza ukunciphisa ukuhlanekezela kwesignali nokwandisa amandla esignali.

5. Ukuxhumana Kwezindiza: Ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana zezindiza, ama-ATU avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwama-antenna angaphakathi ukuze adlulise futhi amukelwe kahle.

6. Ukuxhumana Kwezempi: Ama-ATU aphinde asetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana zezempi ukufanisa ukuvinjelwa kwe-antenna kumthumeli noma umamukeli, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesignali nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesignali.

7. Ezokuxhumana Ngeselula: Ama-ATU asetshenziswa emishinini yokuxhumana ephathwayo efana nomakhalekhukhwini namarutha angenawaya ukuze afanise ukuthikamezeka kothi kusithumeli. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesignali nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla.

8. I-RFID: Kuzinhlelo ze-radio frequency identification (RFID), ama-ATU angasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwe-antenna ngokufanisa ukungasebenzi kwayo nesifundi se-RFID.

9. Amanethiwekhi enzwa engenantambo: Kumanethiwekhi wezinzwa ezingenantambo (ama-WSNs), ama-ATU angasetshenziswa ukufanisa ukuvinjelwa kwamanodi wezinzwa kunethiwekhi engenantambo, engathuthukisa ikhwalithi yesiginali futhi yehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

10. Ukuzwa Kukude: Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokuzwa okukude, ama-ATU asetshenziselwa ukufanisa ukuthintana kwe-antenna ukuze kwamukelwe amasignali kumasathelayithi noma ezinye izisetshenziswa zokuzwa ezikude ezinokuzwela okuphezulu nokunemba.

11. Ham Radio: Ngokungeziwe ekuxhumaneni nomsakazo we-amateur, ama-ATU avame ukusetshenziswa kumsakazo we-ham ekusebenzeni okuphathekayo noma kweselula ezindaweni zokusebenza ezinzima lapho ukuthikamezeka kwe-antenna kungase kwehluke kakhulu.

12. Imisakazo yezindlela ezimbili: Ama-ATU aphinde asetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zomsakazo ezinezindlela ezimbili ezimbonini ezinjengokuphepha komphakathi, ezokuthutha, nokuphepha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-antenna ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okucacile nokuthembekile.

13. Ucwaningo Lwesayensi: Ama-ATU asetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwesayensi ukuze kukale futhi kusetshenziswe izinkambu ze-electromagnetic in an wide range of experiments.

Ngokuvamile, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-ATU zisabalele futhi zihlanganisa noma yisiphi isimo lapho kudingeka khona ukudluliswa kwesignali yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ama-ATU angakwazi ukufanisa ukuvinjelwa kohlelo lwe-antenna kumthumeli noma umamukeli, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwesiginali nokwamukelwa okufanele, okukhombisa ukubaluleka kokumatanisa ukuthikamezeka kwe-antenna kusidlulisi noma umamukeli ukuze kudluliselwe isiginali nokwamukelwa emikhakheni nezimo eziningi ezahlukahlukene. .
Yini equkethe uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna kanye neyunithi yokushuna kwezinti?
Ukwakha uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna lwesiteshi sokusakaza somsakazo, amathuluzi nezingxenye ezahlukene kuyadingeka, kuye ngohlobo lokusakaza (UHF, VHF, FM, TV, noma AM). Nazi ezinye zezingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu ye-antenna yokusakaza:

1. I-Transmitter: Kuwumshini we-elekthronikhi osetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isignali yefrikhwensi yomsakazo (RF) bese uyithumela othini, bese iyiletha kubalaleli noma ababukeli.

2. Uthi: Kuyidivayisi eguqula amandla kagesi abe amaza kagesi (radio) akwazi ukuhamba emoyeni futhi amukelwe izamukeli zomsakazo. Ukwakheka kwe-antenna kuncike ebangeni lefrikhwensi, ileveli yamandla, kanye nohlobo lokusakaza.

3. Ikhebula eliqinile: Isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma isidluliseli ku-antenna futhi iqinisekise ukudluliswa kahle kwesiginali ngokulahleka kwesiginali okuncane kanye nokumadanisa kwe-impedance.

4. Iyunithi yokushuna i-Antenna (ATU): Isetshenziselwa ukufanisa i-impedance ye-antenna kumthumeli noma umamukeli. I-ATU ilusizo ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho ukuthikamezeka kwe-antenna kuhluka ngebanga elibanzi lamafrikhwensi, njengoba ibhalansisa ukuxhumana ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokudluliswa kwamandla.

5. Inhlanganisela/Isihlukanisi: Ezinhlelweni zokusakaza ezinama-transmitter amaningi noma amasignali, izihlanganisi/abahlukanisi basetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa amasignali amaningi abe yiwodwa ukuze adluliselwe uthingo olulodwa.

6. Umbhoshongo: iyisakhiwo sensimbi eside esisekela uthi kanye nezinto ezihambisana nalo.

7. Ulayini Wokudlulisa/Isiphakeli: Intambo noma ikhebula elixhuma uthi ku-transmitter noma umamukeli, ilethe isignali esuka othini iye kusithumeli/umamukeli ngaphandle kokuncishwa amandla noma ukuhlanekezela.

8. Ukuvikelwa Kombani: Izinhlelo ze-antenna zisengozini yokulimala kombani, okungadala umonakalo obizayo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo zokuvikela umbani zibalulekile ukuvikela uhlelo ekulimaleni ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu.

9. Imishini yokuqapha neyokulinganisa: Isignali edlulisiwe ingahlolwa ngosizo lwemishini ehlukahlukene yokuqapha nokulinganisa, okuhlanganisa abahlaziyi be-spectrum, ama-oscilloscopes, namanye amadivaysi okulinganisa isignali. Lawa mathuluzi aqinisekisa ukuthi isiginali ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe nezokulawula.

Sengiphetha, lezi ezinye zemishini ejwayelekile edingekayo ukwakha uhlelo oluphelele lwe-antenna. Uhlobo lwemishini esetshenziswayo kanye nokucushwa kohlelo lwe-antenna kunqunywa izidingo ezithile zokusakaza, okuhlanganisa ububanzi befrikhwensi, izinga lamandla, kanye nohlobo lokusakaza.
Zingaki izinhlobo zeyunithi yokushuna kwezinti ezikhona?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamayunithi okushuna izinti (ATUs) ezitholakalayo ukuze zisetshenziswe ekusakazweni komsakazo nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ake sixoxe ngezinye zazo ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zazo kanye nezakhiwo zazo:

1. Ishuna ye-Antenna ye-L-Network: Ishuna ye-antenna ye-L-network isuselwe kusekethe elula esebenzisa ama-capacitor amabili kanye ne-inductor ukuze ihambisane nokubambezeleka kothi kumthumeli noma umamukeli. Ama-ATU enethiwekhi ye-L kulula ukwakha nokusebenzisa, ayathengeka kakhulu, futhi ahlinzeka ngezinga eliphezulu lokuguquguquka ngokuya ngokumatanisa kwe-impedance. Kodwa-ke, banokusebenza okulinganiselwe kumafrikhwensi aphezulu, futhi isifunda singaba yinkimbinkimbi ukuyiklama.

2. Ishuna ye-Antenna ye-T-Network: Amashuna we-antenna ye-T-network afana nama-ATU enethiwekhi ye-L kodwa asebenzisa izici ezintathu ze-capacitance kanye ne-inductor ukuze udale ukufana okubambekayo okungu-2:1. Ama-ATU enethiwekhi ye-T ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okungcono kakhulu kumafrikhwensi aphezulu kune-L-network ATUs, kodwa abiza kakhulu futhi ayinkimbinkimbi ukuwaklama.

3. Ishuna ye-antenna ye-Pi-Network: Amashuna e-antenna e-Pi-network asebenzisa ama-capacitor amathathu nama-inductors amabili ukuze adale i-impedance match 1.5:1. Zihlinzeka ngokusebenza okuhle ngebanga elibanzi lamafrikhwensi futhi zinikeza okufanayo okungcono uma kuqhathaniswa ne-L-network kanye ne-T-network ATUs. Nokho, zibiza kakhulu kune-L-network kanye ne-T-network ATUs.

4. I-Gamma Match Tuner: Izishuni zokufanisa ze-Gamma zisebenzisa ukufaniswa kwe-gamma ukuze zilungise ukuthintana kwephoyinti lokuphakelayo kothi ukuze lifane nezidingo zesithumeli noma umamukeli. Zisebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi inethiwekhi efanayo ilula ukuyiklama, ngokulahleka okuncane noma okungekho esignali. Nokho, zingabiza ukuzenza.

5. Ishuna ye-Balun: Amashuni e-Balun asebenzisa isiguquli se-balun ukulinganisa ukuthinteka kwe-antenna kuzidingo zesithumeli noma umamukeli. Banikeza ukufanisa okuhle kakhulu kwe-impedance futhi basebenza kahle kakhulu, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa noma okuncane. Nokho, zingabiza ukuzifaka nokuyinakekela.

6. I-Auto-Tuner/Smart Tuner: Ishuna ezenzakalelayo noma ishuna ehlakaniphile isebenzisa i-microprocessor ukulungisa inethiwekhi efanayo ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokulinganisa ukuthinteka kothi ngesikhathi sangempela, ikwenze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa. Banikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kumafrikhwensi amaningi, kodwa kungabiza ukuthenga futhi kudinga umthombo wamandla ukuze usebenze.

7. Ishuna yokusabela: Amashuna okusabela asebenzisa i-variable capacitor kanye ne-inductor ukuze alungise ukuthinteka kohlelo lwe-antenna. Alula futhi anezindleko eziphansi kodwa angase angafaneleki izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu.

8. I-Duplexer: I-duplexer iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuvumela uthi olulodwa ukuthi lusetshenziselwe ukudlulisa nokwamukela. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana zomsakazo, kodwa zingabiza futhi zidinga ukufakwa okunekhono.

9. Ishuna ye-Antenna: Amashuni e-Transmatch asebenzisa i-high-voltage variable capacitor kanye ne-inductor ukuze afanise okukhiphayo komdluliseli ohlelweni lwe-antenna. Zisebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa izingxenye zamandla kagesi aphezulu zingabiza ukuzenza nokuzinakekela.

10. I-Meanderline Antenna Tuner: Lolu wuhlobo olusha lweshuna ye-antenna esebenzisa isakhiwo se-meanderline, okuwuhlobo lomugqa wokudlulisa ongaqoshwa ku-substrate. Ama-Meanderline ATU ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu futhi angasindi futhi anephrofayili ephansi, kodwa angase abize ukuwenza.

11. I-Network Analyzer: Nakuba kungeyona i-ATU ngokobuchwepheshe, isihlaziyi senethiwekhi singasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-antenna nokwenza izinguquko njengoba kudingeka. Abahlaziyi benethiwekhi banganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokungangeni kwesistimu, i-SWR, namanye amapharamitha, kodwa kungabiza futhi kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukuze kusebenze ngempumelelo.

Kafushane, ukukhetha kweshuna ye-antenna kuncike kuhlelo oluthile nezidingo zesignali. I-L-network ATU ilula, iyathengeka, futhi iyavumelana nezimo, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo zihlinzeka ngokusebenza okungcono okufanayo kububanzi obuhlukahlukene befrikhwensi. Izishuni zokufanisa ze-Gamma zisebenza kahle kakhulu, kuyilapho izishuna ezizenzakalelayo zilula kodwa ziyabiza. Wonke ama-ATU adinga ukufakwa, ukugcinwa, nokulungiswa kuye ngendawo ezungezile kanye nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lwe-antenna, ukukhetha i-ATU efanele kungasiza ukukhulisa ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-antenna, kuqinisekiswe ukudluliselwa kwesignali okuthembekile, okusezingeni eliphezulu nokwamukelwa.
Ayini amatemu ahlobene neyunithi yokushuna kwezinti?
Nawa amanye amagama ahlobene namayunithi wokushuna kwezinti:

1.Impedance: I-Impedans ukumelana nohlelo lwe-antenna olukunikezayo ekugelezeni kwamanje lapho kusetshenziswa i-voltage. Inani le-impedance likalwa ngama-Ohms.

2. Inethiwekhi yokufanisa: Inethiwekhi efanayo iyidivayisi elungisa ukuthinta komthombo noma ukulayisha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukudluliswa kwamandla.

3. I-SWR: I-SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) isilinganiso sobude obukhulu begagasi elimile ukuya kubuncane be-amplitude begagasi elifanayo. I-SWR ingasetshenziswa ukunquma ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwe-antenna, ngezilinganiso eziphansi ezibonisa amasistimu asebenza kahle kakhulu.

4. I-Reflection Coefficient: I-reflection coefficient inani lamandla aboniswa lapho isignali ihlangabezana nokungafani kokuphazamiseka. Kuyisilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kohlelo lwe-antenna futhi ivezwa njengedesimali noma amaphesenti.

5. Ububanzi: Umkhawulokudonsa ububanzi bezandiso lapho uhlelo lwe-antenna lungasebenza kahle. Umkhawulokudonsa uncike ezicini ezahlukahlukene njengohlobo lwe-antenna, ukungasebenzi kwayo, kanye nokucushwa kwenethiwekhi okufanayo.

6. Q-Factor: I-Q-Factor isilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kwesistimu ye-antenna. Ibonisa ubukhali bejika le-resonance kanye nezinga lokulahlekelwa kwamandla njengoba isignali idluliswa ngohlelo.

7. I-Inductance: I-inductance iyisici sesekhethi kagesi ephikisana nezinguquko ekugelezeni kwamanje. Ikalwa ngo-Henries futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-ATU.

8. Amandla: I-Capacitance iyisekhethi kagesi egcina ishaji kagesi. Ikalwa ngama-farads futhi ingenye ingxenye ebalulekile ye-ATU.

9. Ukufanisa Okungazweli: Ukufanisa okuphikisanayo kuyinqubo yokuqhathanisa ukumelana kwe-antenna nesidlulisi sesistimu noma okukhiphayo kowamukelayo. Kubandakanya ukulungisa izingxenye ze-ATU ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla.

10. Ukufaniswa kwe-inductive: Ukufaniswa kwe-inductive kuyinqubo yokuqhathanisa ukusabela kwesistimu ye-antenna kumthumeli noma okukhiphayo kowamukelayo. Kubandakanya ukulungisa inductance ye-ATU ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukufaniswa kwe-impedance okuphelele.

11. I-VSWR: I-VSWR (I-Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) ifana ne-SWR kodwa ivezwa ngokwamandla kagesi esikhundleni samandla. Kuyisilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kolayini wokudlulisa we-RF noma uhlelo lwe-antenna.

12. Ukulahlekelwa Kokufaka: Ukulahlekelwa kokufaka ukulahlekelwa okwenzeka lapho isignali idlula kudivayisi noma isekethe, njengokushuna uthi. Ikalwa ngama-decibel (dB) futhi iyipharamitha ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe lapho ukhetha i-ATU.

13. Ibanga lokushuna: Ububanzi bokushuna ububanzi befrikhwensi lapho i-ATU inganikeza ukufanisa okwanele kokuphazamiseka. Ububanzi buyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lweshuna ye-antenna kanye nebanga lemvamisa yohlelo lwe-antenna.

14. Isilinganiso samandla: Isilinganiso samandla singamandla amakhulu i-ATU engawaphatha ngaphandle kokulimala noma ukuwohloka ekusebenzeni. Ikalwa ngama-watts futhi iwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho ukhetha i-ATU yohlelo oluthile.

15. Umfanekiso Womsindo: Isibalo somsindo isilinganiso sokusebenza komsindo kwe-ATU. Ikhombisa inani lomsindo elethulwa kusignali njengoba idlula ku-ATU futhi ivamise ukuvezwa ngama-decibel.

16. Phase Shift: Ukushintsha kwesigaba ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi phakathi kwesiginali yokufaka nokuphumayo ku-ATU. Ingathinta ubude besignali kanye nezici zesigaba futhi iwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho uklama futhi ukhetha i-ATU.

17. Ukulahlekelwa Ukucabanga: Ukulahlekelwa kokubona inani lamandla aboniswa emuva kusidlulisi ngenxa yokungafani kokuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwe-antenna. Ngokuvamile kuvezwa ngama-decibel futhi kungathinta ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwesistimu.

Kafushane, lawa magama asetshenziswayo abalulekile ekuqondeni ukusebenza nokusebenza kwamayunithi okushuna kwe-antenna. Basiza ukuchaza izimfuneko zokuvimbela kanye nomkhawulokudonsa wohlelo lwe-antenna, ukusebenza kahle kwezingxenye ze-ATU, nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke. Ngokwenza kahle lezi zinhlaka, uhlelo lwe-antenna lungafinyelela ukusebenza okuphezulu futhi lunikeze okuthembekile, ukudluliselwa kwesignali nokwamukelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
Yiziphi izicaciso ezibaluleke kakhulu zeyunithi yokushuna i-antenna?
Ukucaciswa okubaluleke kakhulu ngokomzimba kanye ne-RF kweyunithi yokushuna kwezimpondo (ATU) kuzoncika ekusetshenzisweni okukhethekile nezidingo zohlelo. Kodwa-ke, nazi ezinye zezici ezibalulekile zomzimba neze-RF ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlola i-ATU:

1. I-Impedans Matching Range: Ibanga lokufanisa le-impedance ububanzi bamanani okuvimbela lapho i-ATU inganikeza ukufanisa okwanele kokuvimbela. Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-ATU engakwazi ukufanisa ukuvinjelwa kohlelo lwe-antenna kumthumeli noma okukhiphayo kowamukelayo.

2. Amandla Okuphatha: Umthamo wokubamba amandla ungamandla amakhulu i-ATU engawaphatha ngaphandle kokulimala noma ukuwohloka ekusebenzeni. Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-ATU engakwazi ukuphatha izinga lamandla lesithumeli noma isitholi ngaphandle kokwethula ukuhlanekezela kwesignali noma ezinye izinkinga.

3. Ibanga Lemvamisa: Ububanzi befrikhwensi ububanzi befrikhwensi i-ATU engasebenza phezu kwayo ngempumelelo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-ATU engasebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lemvamisa yohlelo lwe-antenna kanye ne-transmitter noma isamukeli.

4. I-VSWR: I-VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) isilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kolayini wokudlulisa we-RF noma uhlelo lwe-antenna. I-VSWR ephezulu ibonisa ukungahambisani kahle kwe-impedance futhi ingaholela ekuhlanekeni kwesignali noma ekunciphiseni.

5. Ukulahlekelwa Kokufaka: Ukulahlekelwa kokufaka ukulahlekelwa okwenzeka lapho isignali idlula ku-ATU. Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-ATU enokulahlekelwa okuphansi kokufaka ukuze unciphise ukuncisha isignali nokuhlanekezela.

6. Isivinini sokushuna: Isivinini sokushuna isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze i-ATU ifanise ukuthikamezeka kohlelo lwe-antenna kusidlulisi noma okukhiphayo kowamukelayo. Isivinini sokushuna kufanele sisheshe ngokwanele ukuze sihambisane nobuningi besignali nokuhluka kwamandla.

7. Umfanekiso Womsindo: Isibalo somsindo isilinganiso sokusebenza komsindo kwe-ATU. Ibonisa inani lomsindo owethulwa esignali njengoba idlula ku-ATU. Isibalo somsindo kufanele sibe phansi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlanekezela kwesignali nomsindo.

8. Usayizi Nesisindo: Ubukhulu nesisindo se-ATU kungase kube ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile, kuye ngohlelo oluthile nezidingo zokufakwa. Ama-ATU amancane, angasindi angase athandeke kwezinye izimo, kuyilapho amayunithi amakhulu, aqinile angase adingeke ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu.

Kafushane, lokhu kucaciswa komzimba kanye ne-RF kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho ukhetha iyunithi yokushuna uthi. Ngokukhetha i-ATU ehlangabezana nalokhu kucaciswa, uhlelo lwe-antenna lungafinyelela ukusebenza okuphezulu futhi lunikeze okuthembekile, ukudluliselwa kwesignali okusezingeni eliphezulu nokwamukela.
Yimuphi umehluko weyunithi yokushuna i-antenna esetshenziswa esiteshini esibanzi esihlukile?
Iyunithi yokushuna i-antenna (ATU) esetshenziswa eziteshini ezihlukene zokusakaza ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlelo oluthile kanye nebanga lemvamisa. Nawu umehluko phakathi kwama-ATU asetshenziswa eziteshini ezihlukene zokusakaza:

1. Iziteshi Zokusakaza ze-UHF/VHF: Iziteshi zokusakaza ze-UHF/VHF ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ama-ATU aklanyelwe ibanga elithile lefrikhwensi, njengo-350-520 MHz we-VHF kanye no-470-890 MHz we-UHF. Lawa ma-ATU ajwayele ukwakhiwa esakhiweni se-antenna noma afakwe eduze kakhulu nothi. Bangase basebenzise izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokufanisa i-impedance, njenge-quarter-wave transformer, i-gamma match, noma i-balun. Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-ATU ezinikele kumafrikhwensi e-UHF/VHF zifaka phakathi ikhwalithi yesiginali ethuthukisiwe nokusebenza kahle, kuyilapho okunye ukonakala kubandakanya izindleko eziphakeme kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile zokufakwa nokugcinwa kwazo.

2. Iziteshi Zokusakaza ze-TV: Iziteshi zokusakaza ze-TV zisebenzisa ama-ATU alungiselelwe ifrikhwensi ethile yesiteshi, njenge-2-13 ye-VHF kanye ne-14-51 ye-UHF. Lawa ma-ATU angase asebenzise amasu ahlukene ukuze afane ne-impedance, njenge-latching relay, inethiwekhi yokufanisa okuzenzakalelayo, noma inethiwekhi ehambisanayo engaguquki. Ngokuvamile zigitsheliswa egumbini lempahla ehlukile noma esakhiweni futhi zixhunywe kusidlulisi ngentambo ye-coaxial. Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-ATU eqondene ne-TV zifaka phakathi ikhwalithi yesiginali ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuhambisana nesidlulisi, kuyilapho ububi bungase buhlanganise izindleko eziphakeme kanye nezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokufakwa nokunakekelwa.

3. Iziteshi Zokusakaza ze-AM: Iziteshi zokusakaza ze-AM zisebenzisa ama-ATU aklanyelwe ukufanisa ukuthikamezeka kwe-antenna ne-impedance yokuphuma kwe-transmitter, ngokuvamile engu-50 Ohms. Lawa ma-ATU angase asebenzise amasu ahlukahlukene, njenge-pi-network, L-network, noma i-T-network. Angase futhi afake izingxenye zokuhlunga ukuze asuse amaza angafuneki. Ngokuvamile atholakala egumbini lemishini ehlukile noma esakhiweni futhi axhunywe kusidlulisi ngolayini wokudlulisela, njengocingo oluvulekile noma ikhebula le-coaxial. Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-ATU eqondene ne-AM zifaka ikhwalithi yesiginali ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuhambisana nesidlulisi, kuyilapho ububi bungase buhlanganise izindleko eziphakeme kanye nezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokufakwa nokunakekelwa.

4. Iziteshi Zokusakaza FM: Iziteshi zokusakaza ze-FM zisebenzisa ama-ATU enzelwe ibhendi ethile yefrikhwensi, efana no-88-108 MHz. Lawa ma-ATU angase asebenzise amasu ahlukene ukufanisa i-impedance, njengeshuna ye-stub, i-butterfly capacitor, noma i-dipole antenna egoqiwe. Angase futhi afake izingxenye zokuhlunga ukuze asuse amaza angafuneki. Ngokuvamile atholakala egumbini lemishini ehlukile noma esakhiweni futhi axhunywe kusidlulisi ngomugqa wokudlulisela, njengekhebula eliqinile noma i-waveguide. Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-ATU eqondene ne-FM zifaka ikhwalithi yesiginali ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuhambisana nesidlulisi, kuyilapho ububi bungase buhlanganise izindleko eziphakeme kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile zokufakwa nokugcinwa kwazo.

Sengiphetha, ukukhetha kwe-ATU kwesiteshi sokusakaza kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ububanzi befrikhwensi, amandla okudlulisela, ikhwalithi yesiginali, kanye nezidingo zokufakwa nokugcinwa kwazo. Ngokukhetha i-ATU efanele kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo, isiteshi sokusakaza singafinyelela izinga eliphezulu lesignali nokwethembeka, siqinisekise ukudluliswa kwesignali nokwamukelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ungakhetha kanjani iyunithi yokushuna i-antenna yeziteshi zokusakaza ezihlukene?
Ukukhetha iyunithi yokushuna i-antenna ehamba phambili (i-ATU) yesiteshi sokusakaza somsakazo kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kohlelo lokusebenza oluthile, ububanzi befrikhwensi, amandla okuhambisa, nezinye izidingo zokusebenza. Nansi eminye imihlahlandlela yokukhetha i-ATU engcono kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zokusakaza:

1. Isiteshi Sokusakaza se-UHF: Lapho ukhetha i-ATU yesiteshi sokusakaza se-UHF, bheka ama-ATU aklanyelwe ububanzi befrikhwensi esetshenziswa yisiteshi, ngokuvamile engu-470-890 MHz. I-ATU kufanele ilungiselelwe ukulahlekelwa kokufaka okuphansi kanye namandla aphezulu okubamba ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlanekezela kwesignali nokuqinisekisa ukudluliswa okuthembekile. I-ATU ezinikele eyakhelwe esakhiweni se-antenna noma ebekwe eduze kothi ingaba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sesiteshi sokusakaza se-UHF.

2. Isiteshi Sokusakaza se-VHF: Esiteshini sokusakaza se-VHF, khetha i-ATU elungiselelwe ibanga elithile lefrikhwensi ye-VHF esetshenziswa isiteshi, okuvamise ukuba ngu-174-230 MHz. I-ATU kufanele ibe nokulahlekelwa okuphansi kokufaka kanye namandla aphezulu okubamba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa okuthembekile. I-ATU ezinikele eyakhelwe esakhiweni se-antenna noma ebekwe eduze kothi ingaba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sesiteshi sokusakaza se-VHF.

3. Isiteshi somsakazo we-FM: Esiteshini somsakazo we-FM, khetha i-ATU elungiselelwe ibhendi ethile yefrikhwensi esetshenziswa isiteshi, ngokuvamile engu-88-108 MHz. I-ATU kufanele ibe nokulahlekelwa okuphansi kokufaka kanye namandla aphezulu okuphatha ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlanekezela kwesignali nokuqinisekisa ukudluliswa okuthembekile. I-ATU ezinikele etholakala ekamelweni elihlukile lemishini noma esakhiweni futhi exhunywe kusidlulisi ngomugqa wokudlulisela, njengentambo ye-coaxial, ingaba inketho engcono kakhulu esiteshini somsakazo we-FM.

4. Isiteshi Sokusakaza se-TV: Lapho ukhetha i-ATU yesiteshi sokusakaza se-TV, khetha i-ATU elungiselelwe ifrikhwensi ethile yesiteshi esetshenziswa isiteshi, ngokuvamile engu-2-13 ye-VHF kanye no-14-51 ye-UHF. I-ATU kufanele ibe nokulahlekelwa okuphansi kokufaka kanye namandla aphezulu okubamba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa okuthembekile. I-ATU ezinikele etholakala ekamelweni elihlukile lemishini noma esakhiweni futhi exhunywe kusidlulisi ngentambo ye-coaxial ingase ibe inketho engcono kakhulu yesiteshi sokusakaza se-TV.

5. Isiteshi Sokusakaza Se-AM: Esiteshini sokusakaza se-AM, khetha i-ATU elungiselelwe ibanga elithile lefrikhwensi elisetshenziswa isiteshi, ngokuvamile elingu-530-1710 kHz. I-ATU kufanele yakhelwe ukufanisa ukuthintana kwe-antenna ne-impedance yokuphuma kwe-transmitter, ngokuvamile engu-50 Ohms. I-pi-network noma i-T-network ATU ingase ibe inketho engcono kakhulu yesiteshi sokusakaza se-AM.

Sengiphetha, ukukhetha i-ATU engcono kakhulu yesiteshi sokusakaza somsakazo kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwebanga elithile lefrikhwensi, amandla okubamba amandla, ukulahleka kokufakwayo, kanye nezidingo zokumatanisa kokuphazamiseka. Ngokukhetha i-ATU efanele nokwandisa ukusebenza kwayo, isiteshi sokusakaza singafinyelela izinga eliphezulu lesignali nokwethembeka, siqinisekise ukudluliswa kwesignali nokwamukelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
Iyunithi yokushuna i-antenna yenziwa futhi ifakwe kanjani?
Nakhu okufingqiwe kwenqubo yokukhiqiza nokufaka i-Antenna Tuning Unit (ATU) ngaphakathi kwesiteshi sokusakaza:

1. Idizayini nobunjiniyela: Inqubo iqala ngesigaba sokuklama nobunjiniyela, lapho kunqunywa khona imininingwane nezidingo ze-ATU. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ububanzi befrikhwensi, amandla okubamba amandla, ububanzi bokushuna, namanye amapharamitha.

2. Ukuthola ingxenye: Ngemuva kwesigaba sokuklama, izingxenye ezifana nama-capacitor, ama-inductors, nama-resistors atholakala kubahlinzeki abathembekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ephezulu.

3. I-Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Design and Production: Ibhodi lesifunda lakhiwe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokuklama ze-ATU futhi lenziwa ngemishini ezenzakalelayo.

4. Umhlangano: Ibhodi lesifunda kanye nezinye izingxenye ezihlanganisa amasekethe ahlanganisiwe ahlanganiswa ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe ngezinyathelo eziqondile. Ibhodi lihlolwa ngogesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza.

5. Ukushuna i-ATU: I-ATU ibe isilungiselelwa ukusebenza kahle endaweni yokukhiqiza.

I-6. Ikhwalithi yokulawula: Ukuhlolwa kokugcina ngabasebenzi abalawula ikhwalithi kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-ATU ihlangabezana nayo yonke imininingwane.

7. Ukukhiqiza nokupakisha: Ngemuva kokudlulisa isheke lokulawula ikhwalithi, ama-ATU akhiqizwa ngevolumu futhi apakishwe ukuze athunyelwe.

8. Ukuthumela nokulethwa: Ama-ATU abe esethunyelwa esiteshini sokusakaza noma kumsabalalisi.

9. Ukufakwa nokuhlanganisa: Ngemva kokulethwa, ama-ATU ayafakwa, ahlanganiswe, futhi axhunywe kusidlulisi sokusakaza. Le nqubo ingase ihilele ukubuyisela izingxenye ezindala noma ukufaka i-ATU kunethiwekhi ekhona yokusakaza yesiteshi.

10. Ukuhlola Nokumisa: I-ATU ibe isihlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isebenza ngendlela efanele futhi inikeza ukusebenza okuphelele okudingekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwayo. Iphinde ilungiselelwe ukuthi ithuthukise ukushuna kwayo kanye nekhono layo lokufanisa le-impedance.

11. Ukucushwa kahle kanye Nokuthuthukisa: Ngemuva kokufakwa, ukufanisa kwe-ATU kwe-impedance kuyashunwa futhi kwenziwe ngcono ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kufana nokukhinyabezeka kokuphumayo kwe-transmitter nohlelo lwe-antenna, kukhuliswe amazinga wamandla okukhipha isignali.

12. Isitifiketi se-FCC: Okokugcina, i-ATU iqinisekiswa iziphathimandla ezifanele, njenge-FCC, iqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokulawula zokwabiwa kwemvamisa, amazinga aphezulu wamandla, neminye imingcele.

Sengiphetha, iyunithi yokushuna i-antenna (ATU) iyithuluzi elibalulekile eziteshini zokusakaza elidinga ubunjiniyela obunembayo nokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle. Inqubo yokukhiqiza nokufaka i-ATU ihilela izinyathelo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela ekuklanyeni nasebunjiniyela kuye ekuhlolweni, ekunikezeni izitifiketi, ekufakeni nasekusebenziseni ngokugcwele. Zonke lezi zigaba kufanele zihlangabezane namazinga aphezulu kakhulu okusebenza nokuphepha ukuze kukhiqizwe amasignali asezingeni eliphezulu nangenaziphazamiso afinyelela izethameli ezihlosiwe.
Uyigcina kanjani ngendlela efanele iyunithi yokushuna kwezinti?
Ukugcina iyunithi yokushuna i-antenna (ATU) esiteshini sokusakaza kubalulekile ukugcina okokusebenza kusebenza kahle futhi kukhiqiza amasignali ekhwalithi ephezulu. Nawa amanye amathiphu okuthi ungayigcina kanjani i-ATU ngendlela efanele:

1. Ukuhlola: Njalo hlola i-ATU ukuze uthole izimpawu zomonakalo, ukuguga nokudabukile, nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokugqwala noma ukugqwala. Hlola izintambo, izixhumi, nentambo yaphansi ukuze uthole izimpawu ze-oxidation, kanye nomonakalo.

2. Ukuhlanza: Gcina i-ATU ihlanzekile ngokuyesula njalo usebenzisa indwangu ehlanzekile, eyomile. Ungasebenzisa futhi ibhulashi elinamabristle athambile ukuze ususe noma yiluphi uthuli nokungcola okunganqwabelana phezu kwe-ATU.

3. Ukuqapha amandla: Gada amazinga wamandla ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-ATU ayilinyazwa amandla amaningi kakhulu. Ukuqapha amandla ngendlela efanele kungaphinde kuvimbele ukulimala kwe-emitter, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-ATU.

4. Ukushuna Okuvamile: Iyunithi yokushuna idinga ukucutshungulwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kusebenze kahle kakhulu ukuze kugcinwe i-impedance oyifunayo eduze nobubanzi bokufanisa nokushuna.

5. Ukuvikelwa Kwesimo Sezulu: I-ATU ibekwe endaweni yokukhosela evikela isimo sezulu ukuze ivikeleke ezimeni zesimo sezulu njengemvula, uthuli, nemfucumfucu ehamba emoyeni, engalimaza izingxenye zayo zangaphakathi. Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu ngendlela efanele kungavimbela umonakalo futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi i-ATU isebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

6. Ukubeka phansi: Qinisekisa ukuthi isistimu yokubeka phansi iyasebenza futhi ayiguquki ukuze kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukuzungeza noma ukwakheka okumile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa inkambu ye-RF ezinzile, ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-ATU.

7. Amadokhumenti: Gcina amadokhumenti afanele okusebenza okubalulekile njengokulungiswa okuvamile, izinguquko ezenzakalweni, noma ukushintshwa kweyunithi ukuze ulandelele isimo se-ATU ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngokulandela izinqubo ezifanele zokunakekela, i-ATU izosebenza ngokwethembeka futhi ikhiqize amasignali omsakazo asezingeni eliphezulu nangenaziphazamiso afinyelela izethameli ezihlosiwe. Ukuhlola okuvamile, ukulungisa, ukuhlanza, ukubhalwa kwemibhalo efanele, ukuqapha amandla, ukubeka phansi okusebenzayo, nokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kunwebe isikhathi sempilo ye-ATU.
Uyilungisa kanjani iyunithi yokushuna uthi uma yehluleka ukusebenza?
Uma iyunithi yokushuna i-antenna (ATU) yehluleka ukusebenza kahle, ungalandela lezi zinyathelo ukuze ulungise iyunithi:

1. Thola Inkinga: Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhomba ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ethile ye-ATU engasebenzi kahle. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokubheka ukuziphatha kwesistimu, futhi wenze uchungechunge lokuhlola nge-multimeter ukuze uthole umsuka wenkinga.

2. Faka esikhundleni Ingxenye Enephutha: Uma usuyibonile ingxenye enephutha, yishintshe bese uhlola i-ATU futhi ukuze ubone ukuthi isebenza kahle yini. Izingxenye ezishintshayo ezivamile zifaka amafuse, ama-capacitor, ama-inductors, ama-diode, noma ama-transistors.

3. Hlola Ukunikezwa kwamandla: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-ATU ithola amandla avela kumthombo, njengamandla kagesi e-AC, nokuthi i-voltage namandla akhona kungaphakathi kwebanga elishiwo le-ATU.

4. Hlola Ukuxhumana: Hlola izintambo ze-ATU, okuhlanganisa ukuxhumana okuphansi, okokufaka kwesignali namandla, kanye nokuphumayo, nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezivimbela ukuphazamisa. Qinisa noma yimaphi amatheminali axegayo noma ukuxhumana futhi uphinde uhlole i-ATU.

5. Ukuhlanza: Izingxenye ze-ATU zingase ziqongelele uthuli, udoti, noma okunye ukungcola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela kumasekhethi amafushane noma okunye ukungasebenzi kahle. Sebenzisa ibhulashi notshwala ukuze uhlanze lezi zingxenye futhi ususe noma yikuphi ukugqwala kuzixhumi noma izintambo eziphansi.

6. Lungisa Ibhodi Lesifunda Eliphrintiwe (PCB): Uma i-PCB ye-ATU ilimele, yilungise noma uyishintshe. Ama-PCB angalungiswa uchwepheshe onekhono lokulungisa izinto zikagesi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

7. Ukulungisa Umsebenzi: Ukulungisa okuthuthukile noma izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe. Banobuchwepheshe namathuluzi okuxilonga nokulungisa amaphutha ngaphezu kobubanzi bochwepheshe abajwayelekile.

Sengiphetha, ukulungisa i-ATU kudinga indlela ehlelekile nephelele. Kubandakanya ukuhlonza inkinga, ukushintsha izingxenye ezinephutha, ukuhlola ukuxhumana, ukuhlanza, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukulungisa i-PCB. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokulungiswa, i-ATU inganikeza iminyaka yenkonzo ethembekile, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yesignali ngenkathi ilondoloza izindleko zokulungisa kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula.

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