Izintambo ze-Fiber Optic

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwezintambo zethusi zendabuko, okuzenza zibe ukukhetha okudumile kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana esimanje. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa izintambo ze-fiber optic:

1. Izivinini Zokudlulisa Idatha Ezisheshayo: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinomthamo womkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi. Bangakwazi ukudlulisa idatha ngesivinini esishesha kakhulu, okuvumela amanani amakhulu edatha ukuthi adluliselwe ngezikhathi ezifushane. Lesi sibaluli sibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu, njengokusakazwa kwevidiyo, i-cloud computing, nokudluliswa kwamafayela amakhulu.
2. Amabanga amade okudlulisela: Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zingadlulisa idatha kumabanga amakhudlwana ngaphandle kokubona ukonakala kwesignali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izintambo zethusi, zinenkinga yokulahlekelwa isignali kanye nokuncipha ngokuhamba kwamabanga amade. Ngezintambo ze-fiber optic, idatha ingadluliswa kumakhilomitha ambalwa ngaphandle kokudinga ukuvuselelwa kwesignali noma ukukhulisa, okuwenza alungele amanethiwekhi okuxhumana adonsa isikhathi eside.
3. Amandla Omkhawulokudonsa Ophakeme: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinomthamo womkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangaphatha umthamo omkhulu kakhulu wedatha ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokukhula kwesidingo sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezigxile kwidatha, njengokusakaza ividiyo enencazelo ephezulu, into engekho ngokoqobo, ne-teleconferencing, izintambo ze-fiber optic zingakwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu ngempumelelo kakhulu.
4. Ukungavikeleki ekuphazamisekeni kwe-Electromagnetic: Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zezintambo ze-fiber optic ukungatheleleki kwazo ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Izintambo zethusi zingenwa kalula yi-EMI ezintanjeni zikagesi eziseduze, okokusebenza kukagesi, nezinye izintambo. Izintambo ze-fiber optic, ezenziwe ngengilazi noma zepulasitiki, azithintwa yi-EMI. Lokhu kubenza bathembeke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphezulu lomsindo kagesi, njengezindawo zokukhiqiza noma izindawo ezinemishini emikhulu.
5. Mncane futhi Kalula: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zincane kakhulu futhi zilula uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuzifaka nokubamba, ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho isikhala sincane. Usayizi oncishisiwe nesisindo sezintambo ze-fiber optic nazo ziwenza aguquguquke futhi angabi sengozini yokulimala ngesikhathi sokufakwa noma ukulungiswa.
6. Ukuvikeleka Okuthuthukisiwe: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi. Njengoba bedlulisa idatha besebenzisa ama-pulses alula, kunzima kakhulu ukucofa isignali ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukudlulisela. Lokhu kwenza izintambo ze-fiber optic zivikeleke kakhudlwana futhi zingabi lula ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe noma ukucatshangelwa kwedatha.
7. Ubuchwepheshe bobufakazi besikhathi esizayo: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zihlinzeka ngengqalasizinda yobufakazi besikhathi esizayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe be-fiber optic buye kwayicindezela ngokuqhubekayo imingcele yesivinini sokudlulisa idatha namandla. Nakuba izintambo zethusi zinemikhawulo mayelana namazinga aphezulu edatha ezingawasekela, izintambo ze-fiber optic zinamandla okuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo zobuchwepheshe nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi esizayo.

Kafushane, izintambo ze-fiber optic zinikeza isivinini esisheshayo sokudlulisa idatha, amabanga amade okudlulisela, umthamo womkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, ukungatheleleki ekuphazamiseni kazibuthe kagesi, isici sefomu elincanyana nelilula, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nesixazululo sobufakazi besikhathi esizayo samanethiwekhi okuxhumana. Lezi zinzuzo zenza izintambo ze-fiber optic zibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokudlulisa idatha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

Umkhawulokudonsa wezintambo ze-fiber optic uphakeme kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi. Umkhawulokudonsa ubhekisela emandleni wesiteshi sokuxhumana ukudlulisa idatha. Nakhu ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe kwamandla omkhawulokudonsa wezintambo ze-fiber optic nezintambo zethusi:

Izintambo ze-Fiber Optic:

Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zinomthamo womkhawulokudonsa ophezulu ngendlela emangalisayo. Bangakwazi ukudlulisa idatha ngesivinini esikalwa ngama-terabits ngomzuzwana (Tbps) noma ngaphezulu. Umkhawulokudonsa wezintambo ze-fiber optic unqunywa ngokuyinhloko amasignali okukhanya abawasebenzisela ukudlulisa idatha.

Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zisebenzisa ukukhanya ukuze zidlulise idatha. Lezi zimpawu zokukhanya zingahamba kuma-fiber-optic cores ngokulahleka okuncane noma ukuncishiswa. Lokhu kuvumela izintambo ze-fiber optic ukuthi zisekele inani elikhulu ledatha ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo ze-fiber optic zinikeza amandla ahlukahlukene womkhawulokudonsa. Izintambo ze-fiber yemodi eyodwa (i-SMF), ezinosayizi omncane oyinhloko futhi ezivumela imodi eyodwa yokukhanya ukuthi zisakazeke, zinganikeza umthamo ophakeme kakhulu womkhawulokudonsa. Bangakwazi ukusekela amanani okudlulisa idatha afika ku-100 Gbps, 400 Gbps, noma ngisho nangaphezulu.

Izintambo ze-Multimode fiber (MMF), ezinosayizi omkhulu oyinhloko futhi ezivumela izindlela eziningi zokukhanya ukuthi zisakazeke, zinikeza amandla omkhawulokudonsa aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-SMF. Nokho, basengakwazi ukusekela amanani edatha asukela ku-10 Gbps kuya ku-100 Gbps.

Amakhebula Ethusi:

Izintambo zethusi, njengezintambo ezisontekile (isb., Cat 5e, Cat 6, Cat 6a) kanye nezintambo ezi-coaxial, zinomthamo ophansi womkhawulokudonsa uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ze-fiber optic. Umkhawulokudonsa wezintambo zethusi unqunyelwe ngokuyinhloko amasignali kagesi abawasebenzisela ukudlulisa idatha.

Umkhawulokudonsa wezintambo zethusi unqunywa izici ezifana nobude bekhebula, igeji yocingo, nokuba khona kokuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle. Njengoba idatha ihamba ngezintambo zethusi, ihlangabezana nokuwohloka ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukumelana, ukungqubuzana, kanye nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe.

Izintambo zethusi ezisontekile, ezivame ukusetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi e-Ethernet, zinamandla alinganiselwe womkhawulokudonsa. Isibonelo, izintambo ze-Cat 5e zingasekela amanani edatha afika ku-1 Gbps, izintambo ze-Cat 6 ne-Cat 6a zingakwazi ukuphatha isivinini esifika ku-10 Gbps, futhi izintambo ze-Cat 7 zingasekela amanani edatha afika ku-40 Gbps.

Izintambo zamakhoaxial, ezivame ukusetshenziselwa umabonakude wekhebula noma i-inthanethi ye-broadband, zinikeza amandla aphezulu omkhawulokudonsa uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezisontekile. Kuye ngohlobo oluthile nekhwalithi, izintambo ze-coaxial zingasekela amanani edatha ukusuka ku-1 Gbps ukuya ku-10 Gbps noma ngaphezulu.

Ukuqhathanisa:

Uma uqhathanisa umkhawulokudonsa wezintambo ze-fiber optic nezintambo zethusi, izintambo ze-fiber optic zihlala zinikeza umthamo womkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kakhulu. Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zingasekela amanani edatha ebangeni lamagigabhithi ngomzuzwana (Gbps) ukuya kuma-terabits ngomzuzwana (Tbps), kuyilapho amakhebuli ethusi ngokuvamile enamandla omkhawulokudonsa ophansi, ngokuvamile akalwa nge-Gbps.

Umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu wezintambo ze-fiber optic unika amandla amanani okudlulisa idatha ngokushesha, okuwenza afaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga inani elikhulu ledatha ukuze lidluliselwe ngokushesha, njengokusakaza kwevidiyo enencazelo ephezulu, i-cloud computing, kanye nocwaningo olujulile lwedatha.

Sekukonke, izintambo ze-fiber optic zinikeza umthamo womkhawulokudonsa obanzi kakhulu, okuzivumela ukuthi zibambe idatha eyengeziwe ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi zisekele amanethiwekhi okuxhumana anesivinini esiphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi.

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zingadlulisa idatha kumabanga amade ngaphandle kokuthola ukonakala kwesignali okubalulekile. Ibanga eliphakeme izintambo ze-fiber optic ezingathwala idatha ngaphandle kokucekelwa phansi lincike ezicini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwefayibha, okokusebenza kokudlulisela okusetshenzisiwe, kanye nezinga ledatha elidluliswayo. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane:

I-Single-Mode Fiber (SMF):

I-Single-mode fiber (SMF) yakhelwe ukuxhumana okude futhi ingadlulisela idatha ebangeni elide kakhulu ngaphandle kokonakala kwesignali. I-SMF inosayizi omncane oyinhloko ovumela imodi eyodwa kuphela yokukhanya ukuthi isakazeke. Izici eziphansi zokuncipha nokuhlakazeka kwe-SMF zinika amandla ukudluliswa kwedatha ebangeni elikhulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-multimode fiber.

Ngamasu athuthukisiwe okukhulisa izwi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu, i-SMF ingadlulisela idatha amashumi noma amakhulu amakhilomitha ngaphandle kokudinga ukuvuselelwa kwesignali noma ukukhulisa. Isibonelo, izinhlelo zesimanje ze-SMF zingakwazi ukudlulisa idatha ebangeni elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-100 (amamayela angu-62) ngaphandle kokonakala kwesignali okubalulekile.

I-Multimode Fiber (MMF):

I-Multimode fiber (MMF) inosayizi omkhulu oyinhloko uma kuqhathaniswa nefayibha yemodi eyodwa futhi isekela ukusakazeka kwezindlela eziningi zokukhanya. I-MMF ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nebanga elifushane ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo noma amakhampasi.

Ibanga eliphezulu lokudluliswa kwedatha ngaphandle kokucekelwa phansi ku-multimode fiber lincike ohlotsheni lwe-MMF kanye nezinga ledatha elisetshenziswayo. Ngokuvamile, ibanga eliphakeme le-MMF lisuka kumakhulu ambalwa amamitha kuya kumakhilomitha ambalwa.

Isibonelo, usebenzisa i-Gigabit Ethernet engu-10 (10 Gbps) ngaphezu kwe-OM3 noma i-OM4 yefayibha ye-multimode, ibanga eliwumkhawulo ngokuvamile lingamamitha angu-300. Ngokuthuthuka kwakamuva kubuchwepheshe befayibha ye-multimode kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamasu okushintshashintsha athuthuke kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuzuza amabanga amade okudlulisela kufika kumamitha angama-550 noma ngaphezulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ibanga eliphakeme elisekelwa i-MMF linganyuswa kakhulu kusetshenziswa izintambo zokuchibiyela zemodi noma ngokusebenzisa amasu e-wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM).

Izinto Ezithinta Ibanga:

Izinto ezimbalwa zingathinta ibanga eliphezulu lokudluliswa kwedatha ngaphandle kokonakala kwesignali kumakhebula e-fiber optic:

1. Ukunikezwa: Ukunciphisa kubhekisela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla esignali njengoba ihamba phakathi kwefayibha. Izintambo ze-fiber optic ziklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukuncipha, kodwa zisaqhubeka zikhula ngebanga. Amafayibha ekhwalithi ephezulu anokuncipha okuphansi, okuvumela amabanga amade okudlulisela ngaphandle kokuwohloka.
2. Ukuhlakazeka: I-Dispersion ukusabalala kwama-pulses alula njengoba ehamba ku-fiber. Ukuhlakazwa kwe-Chromatic nokuhlakazwa kwe-modal kungakhawulela ibanga eliphakeme lokudluliswa kwedatha. Amafayibha athuthukile nezindlela zokucubungula isignali zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa imiphumela yokuhlakazeka.
3. Ikhwalithi Yokudluliswa Nemamukeli: Izinga namandla ama-optical transmitters nabamukeli nakho kuthinta ibanga eliphakeme lokudluliswa kwedatha. Izingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu zingadlulisela futhi zithole amasiginali emabangeni amade ngokonakala okuncane.
4. Ukukhulisa nokuvuselela: Ama-amplifiers optical noma ama-regenerator angasetshenziswa ukukhulisa amandla esiginali futhi anwebe nebanga eliphezulu lokudlulisela. Lezi zingxenye zikhulisa noma zikhiqize kabusha isignali yokubona ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukulahlekelwa.
5. I-Wavelength nesilinganiso sedatha: Ubude begagasi obusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa kanye nezinga ledatha elidluliswayo nakho kunomthelela ebangeni eliphezulu. Amaza amaza ahlukene namazinga edatha aphezulu angase abe namabanga amafushane amafushane ngenxa yokwenyuka kokuncishiswa noma imiphumela yokuhlakazeka.

Kafushane, ibanga eliphakeme izintambo ze-fiber optic ezingadlulisa idatha ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwesignali okubalulekile lincike ohlotsheni lwefayibha (imodi eyodwa noma i-multimode), izici ezithile zefayibha, ikhwalithi yempahla yokudlulisa, kanye nesilinganiso sedatha edluliswayo. Ifayibha yemodi eyodwa ingasekela ukudluliswa kwamabanga amade, ngokuvamile edlula amakhilomitha ayi-100, kuyilapho i-multimode fiber ngokuvamile inamabanga aphezulu ukusuka kumamitha angamakhulu ambalwa ukuya kumakhilomitha ambalwa.

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zingasetshenziselwa kokubili ukufaka ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Inqubo yokufaka nendawo ingahluka kuye ngezidingo ezithile zokufaka. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane yokuthi izintambo ze-fiber optic zifakwa kanjani ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zasendlini nezangaphandle:

Ukufakwa Kwangaphakathi:

Ekufakweni kwangaphakathi, izintambo ze-fiber optic ngokuvamile zihanjiswa ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo, izikhungo zedatha, noma ezinye izakhiwo zasendlini. Inqubo yokufaka ibandakanya lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuhlela Nokuklama: Ukufakwa kuqala ngokuhlela nokuklama isakhiwo senethiwekhi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukunquma izindlela ezilungile zomzila, ukukhomba izindawo zokungena, nokukhetha izintambo ezifanele ze-fiber optic zohlelo lokusebenza.
2. Umzila wekhebula: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zihanjiswa ngamapayipi, amathreyi ekhebula, noma izikhala ze-plenum ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Izintambo zivikelekile ngokuphepha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zivikelekile ekulimaleni futhi aziphazamisi ezinye izinhlelo zokwakha.
3. Ukunqanyulwa nokuhlukaniswa: Uma izintambo sezidluliselwe ezindaweni ezihlosiwe, ziyanqanyulwa futhi zihlanganiswe nezixhumi noma amaphaneli okuchibiyela. Le nqubo ihilela ukuhlubula ngokucophelela ikhebula, ukuqondanisa nokuhlanganisa ama-fiber cores, kanye nokuvikela uxhumano ngezixhumi ezifanele noma izinhlaka.
4. Ukuhlola Nokuqinisekisa: Ngemva kokunqanyulwa nokuhlanganisa, izintambo ze-fiber optic ezifakiwe ziyahlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwesignali efanele kanye nokulahlekelwa okuncane. Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene, okufana nezilinganiso zamandla okubona kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer), kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bezintambo ezifakiwe.

Ukufakwa kwangaphandle:

Ukufakwa kwangaphandle kubandakanya umzila wezintambo ze-fiber optic ngaphandle kwezakhiwo nasezindaweni ezivulekile. Inqubo yokufaka izicelo zangaphandle ingase yehluke kuye ngezidingo ezithile kanye nezici zemvelo. Nali uhlaka olujwayelekile lwezinyathelo ezihilelekile:

1. Ukuhlela Umzila Nocwaningo: Ngaphambi kokufakwa, kwenziwa inhlolovo yendlela ukuze kutholwe umzila ongcono kakhulu wezintambo ze-fiber optic. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlonza izithiyo ezingaba khona, ukuhlola isimo sezwe, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela ekhethiwe inciphisa ubungozi bomonakalo.
2. Ukufakwa kwe-Trenching noma I-Duct: Ezimweni eziningi, izintambo ze-fiber optic zangaphandle zifakwa ngaphansi komhlaba kusetshenziswa izindlela zokufaka i-trenching noma i-duct. Ukugenca kuhilela ukumba umsele omncane lapho izintambo zigqitshwe khona ekujuleni okuthile. Ukufakwa kombhobho kubandakanya ukubeka izintambo ze-fiber optic ngaphakathi kwamapayipi okuvikela noma amapayipi.
3. Ukufakwa kwasemoyeni: Kwezinye izimo, izintambo ze-fiber optic zifakwa phezulu kusetshenziswa izindlela zokufaka zasemoyeni. Lokhu kubandakanya ukunamathisela izintambo ezigxotsheni, kolayini bezinsiza, noma izisekelo zasemoyeni ezizinikele. Ukufakwa emoyeni kuvamise ukusetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana amabanga amade.
4. Ukuhlukaniswa nokuqedwa: Uma izintambo sezifakiwe, izinqubo zokuhlanganisa nokunqamula zenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokufakwa kwangaphakathi. Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinqanyulwa ngezixhumi noma izingxenyana, ezivumela ukuthi zixhunywe kumpahla yenethiwekhi noma ezinye izintambo.
5. Ukuvikela kanye Nokuvala: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zangaphandle zidinga ukuvikeleka okufanele ezicini zemvelo ezinjengomswakama, amanzi, nemisebe ye-UV. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenzisa izinto ezivalekile ezivikelayo, ama-seal angamelana nesimo sezulu, noma ukungcwaba izintambo ekujuleni komhlaba.
6. Ukuhlola kanye Nokugunyazwa: Ngokufanayo nokufakwa kwasendlini, izintambo ze-fiber optic zangaphandle ziyahlolwa futhi zithunyelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwesignali efanele nokulahlekelwa okuncane. Ukuhlola kuhilela ukuhlola izici zokubona zezintambo ezifakiwe nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo kusetshenziswa okokusebenza kokuhlola okufanele.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi okunye ukufaka okuyisipesheli kungase kuhlanganise ukufaka izintambo ze-fiber optic ngaphansi kwamanzi, njengezintambo zokuxhumana ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zasogwini. Lokhu kufakwa ngokuvamile kudinga okokusebenza okukhethekile nobungcweti, futhi izintambo zivikelekile ukuze zimelane nendawo engaphansi kwamanzi.

Kafushane, izintambo ze-fiber optic zingafakwa ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ukufakwa kwasendlini kubandakanya izintambo zomzila ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo, kuyilapho ukufakwa kwangaphandle kusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokufaka imisele, ukufakwa kwamapayipi, noma ukubekwa emoyeni. Indlela yokufaka ethile inqunywa izici ezifana nendawo ezungezile, ibanga, nezimfuneko zenethiwekhi.

I-fiber yemodi eyodwa (i-SMF) ne-multimode fiber (MMF) yizinhlobo ezimbili zezintambo ze-fiber optic ezisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-SMF ne-MMF ukusayizi wabo oyinhloko kanye nendlela adlulisela ngayo amasignali okukhanya. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane ye-SMF ne-MMF:

I-Single-Mode Fiber (SMF):

I-fiber yemodi eyodwa (i-SMF) iklanyelwe ukusabalalisa imodi eyodwa yokukhanya, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwebanga elide ngokonakaliswa kwesignali okuncane. Usayizi oyinhloko we-SMF ngokuvamile mncane, uzungeze ama-microns angu-9 kuya kwangu-10 (μm) ububanzi.

Ku-SMF, usayizi omncane oyinhloko wenza ukukhanya kusakazeke emgqeni oqondile, kususe ukuhlakazeka okuvame ukutholakala kumafayibha e-multimode. Lokhu kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesignali futhi kuvumela umthamo womkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kanye namabanga amade okudlulisela.

Izici ezibalulekile ze-SMF:

1. Amabanga amade okudlulisela: I-SMF ingadlulisela idatha kumabanga amade ngaphandle kokonakala kwesignali okubalulekile. Ngamasu athuthukile okukhulisa i-SMF, i-SMF ingafinyelela amabanga okudlulisela amashumi noma amakhulu amakhilomitha ngaphandle kokudinga ukuvuselelwa kwesignali noma ukukhuliswa.
2. Umkhawulokudonsa Ophakeme: I-SMF inikeza umthamo womkhawulokudonsa ophezulu uma uqhathaniswa ne-MMF. Ivumela amanani edatha aphezulu futhi ingasekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezidingo zomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu.
3. Ububanzi Be-Spectral Obuncane: I-SMF inobubanzi obuncane be-spectral, okusho ukuthi ingadlulisela ukukhanya ngobude obuthile obunokuhlakazeka okuncane. Lokhu kuvumela ubuqotho besignali engcono kanye nokulahlekelwa kwesignali okuncane.
4. Imodi Eyodwa Yokusabalalisa Ukukhanya: I-SMF ivumela imodi eyodwa kuphela yokukhanya ukuthi isakazeke, inciphise imiphumela yokuhlakazeka nokugcina ikhwalithi yesignali kumabanga amade.

I-SMF ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho ukuxhumana okude kudingwa khona, njengamanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana, ukuhanjiswa okude, kanye nezintambo zokuxhumana ngaphansi kolwandle.

I-Multimode Fiber (MMF):

I-Multimode fiber (MMF) iklanyelwe ukusabalalisa izindlela eziningi zokukhanya ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwebanga elifushane. Usayizi oyinhloko we-MMF mkhulu kune-SMF, ngokuvamile usukela ku-50 kuya ku-62.5 microns (μm) ububanzi.

Ku-MMF, usayizi omkhulu oyinhloko uvumela izindlela eziningi zokukhanya noma izindlela, ezingaholela ekuhlakazweni nasekulahlekeni kwesignali ebangeni elide. Kodwa-ke, i-MMF ilungele izicelo zamabanga amafushane ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo, amakhampasi, noma amanethiwekhi endawo.

Izici eziyinhloko ze-MMF:

1. Amabanga amafushane okudlulisela: I-MMF ivamise ukusetshenziselwa amabanga amafushane okudlulisa, asukela kumakhulu ambalwa amamitha kuya kumakhilomitha ambalwa, kuye ngohlobo lwe-MMF kanye nenani ledatha elisetshenziswayo.
2. Izindleko eziphansi: I-MMF ivamise ukonga kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-SMF. Usayizi omkhulu oyinhloko wenza kube lula ukukhiqiza, okuholela ezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza.
3. Ukuhlakazeka Kwemodi Ephakeme: I-MMF ihlangabezana nokuhlakazeka kwe-modal okuningi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-SMF ngenxa yosayizi omkhulu oyinhloko. Lokhu kuhlakazeka kungakhawulela ibanga eliphezulu lokudlulisela futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yesignali.
4. Izindlela Eziningi Zokusabalalisa Ukukhanya: I-MMF ivumela amamodi amaningi okukhanya ukuthi asakazeke ngaphakathi kwengqikithi enkulu, okuvumela ukubekezelelana okukhulu ekuqondaneni nokuhlukahluka komthombo wokukhanya.

I-MMF ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezifana namanethiwekhi endawo (ama-LAN), izikhungo zedatha, nokuxhumana okude phakathi kwezakhiwo.

Kafushane, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-SMF ne-MMF ukusayizi wabo oyinhloko nezici zokudlulisela. I-SMF inosayizi oyinhloko omncane, isekela imodi eyodwa yokusabalalisa ukukhanya, futhi ivumela ukudluliswa kwebanga elide ngomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu. I-MMF inosayizi omkhulu oyinhloko, isekela izindlela eziningi zokusakaza ukukhanya, futhi ifanele amabanga amafushane okudlulisela ngaphakathi kwamanethiwekhi endawo noma izakhiwo.

Ukunqamula noma ukuxhuma izintambo ze-fiber optic kubandakanya inqubo yokuhlanganisa iziphetho zefiber kuzixhumi noma izingcezu, ezivumela ukuthi zixhunywe kumadivayisi noma ezinye izintambo. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane yokuthi izintambo ze-fiber optic zinqanyulwa noma zixhunywa kanjani:

1. Ukunqanyulwa Kwesixhumi:

Ukunqanyulwa kwesixhumi kubandakanya ukunamathisela izixhumi ekugcineni kwezintambo ze-fiber optic. Le nqubo ivumela ukuxhumana okulula, okusheshayo, nokuphindaphindayo. Izinhlobo zezixhumi ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukunqanyulwa yi-SC (Isixhumi Sokubhalisa), i-LC (Isixhumi seLucent), i-ST (Ithiphu eqondile), ne-MPO (I-Multi-fiber Push-On).

Inqubo yokuqeda ngokuvamile ilandela lezi zinyathelo:

• Ukulungiselela: Qala ngokukhumula izendlalelo eziyisivikelo zentambo yefayibha usebenzisa amathuluzi okukhumula anembe. Lokhu kuveza i-fiber engenalutho.
• Ukususa: Sebenzisa i-fiber cleaver ukuze udale ubuso bokuphela obuhlanzekile, obuyisicaba, kanye ne-perpendicular ku-fiber. I-cleaver iqinisekisa ukusika okunembayo nokushelelayo ngaphandle kokudala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu noma ukubonakaliswa.
• Ukuhlanza: Hlanza ubuso bokuphela kwefayibha eqhekekile usebenzisa izinto zokusula ezingena-lint nezixazululo ezikhethekile zokuhlanza i-fiber optic. Lesi sinyathelo sisusa noma iyiphi imfucumfucu, amafutha, noma ukungcola okungase kuthinte uxhumano.
• Ukufakwa kwesixhumi: Beka indlu yesixhumi phezu kokuphela kwefayibha elungisiwe futhi uyivikele ngokucophelela usebenzisa i-epoxy noma umshini womshini, kuye ngohlobo lwesixhumi.
• Ukwelapha: Uma i-epoxy isetshenziswa, idinga ukwelashwa ngokuvumelana neziqondiso zomkhiqizi. Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet (UV) kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha i-epoxy, kuqinisekiswe isibopho esiqinile nesivikelekile phakathi kwefayibha nesixhumi.
• Pol Poling: Uma isixhumi seselashiwe, i-ferrule (ingxenye yesixhumi ebambe ifayibha) iyapholishwa ukuze kuzuzwe ubuso bokuphela obushelelayo, obuyisicaba, kanye nokukhanya okuphansi. Lesi sinyathelo sokupholisha siqinisekisa ukudluliswa kokukhanya okuhle futhi kunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali.

2. Ukunqanyulwa kwezigaba:

Ukunqanyulwa kwe-splice kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa unomphela izintambo ezimbili ze-fiber optic ndawonye kusetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa ngokuhlanganisa noma ukuhlanganisa ngomshini:

• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Fusion: I-Fusion splicing ihilela ukuqondanisa iziphetho ze-fiber ngokunembile bese uzihlanganisa ndawonye usebenzisa i-arc kagesi noma i-laser. Lokhu kudala ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo nokulahlekelwa okuphansi namandla aphezulu. I-Fusion splicing ngokuvamile yenziwa kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile yokuhlanganisa i-fusion noma okokusebenza.
• I-Mechanical Splicing: Ukuhlanganisa ngomshini kuhilela ukuqondanisa nokuvikela ngokuzenzakalelayo iziphetho zefayibha kusetshenziswa ukulungiswa kokuqondanisa okunembayo kanye ne-epoxy noma umshini wokubamba ngomshini. Ukuxhumanisa ngomshini akuvamile kunokuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa kodwa kungasetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwesikhashana noma ezimeni lapho ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa kungenzeki khona.

Kokubili ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa kanye nokuhlanganisa ngomshini kulandela izinyathelo ezifanayo zokulungiselela ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa imicu, njengokukhumula, ukuhlehla, nokuhlanza.

3. Ukuhlola Nokuqinisekisa:

Ngemuva kokuqedwa noma ukuhlanganisa, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlolwa nokuqinisekisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwesignali efanele kanye nokulahlekelwa okuncane. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusebenzisa okokusebenza okukhethekile kokuhlola okufana nemitha yamandla okubona, i-optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR), noma isethi yokuhlolwa kokulahlekelwa kokubona (OLTS). Lokhu kuhlola kukala amaleveli wamandla okubona, kuthola noma yikuphi ukulahleka noma amaphuzu okuboniswa, futhi kuqinisekise ubuqotho bokuxhunywa kwefayibha enqanyuliwe noma ehlukanisiwe.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukunqamula noma ukuxhuma izintambo ze-fiber optic kudinga ukunemba nobungcweti ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle. Kuvame ukutuswa ukuthi ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe noma ochwepheshe abanolwazi benze inqubo yokuqeda ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokusezingeni eliphezulu.

Kafushane, ukunqamula noma ukuxhuma izintambo ze-fiber optic kuhilela ukulungisa iziphetho zefayibha, ukunamathisela izixhumi noma izingxenyana, ukuphulukisa noma ukuhlanganisa izixhumi, ukupholisha (uma kunezixhumi), kanye nokwenza ukuhlola nokuqinisekisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwesignali efanele.

Yebo, kunezinto ezimbalwa zokucatshangelwa ezikhethekile okufanele uzikhumbule lapho ufaka futhi uphatha izintambo ze-fiber optic. Lokhu kucatshangelwa kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezintambo. Nanka amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele:

1. Radius eguqa: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinerediyasi egoqayo encane ecacisiwe okufanele ilandelwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Ukweqa irediyasi egobayo kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwesignali noma kulimaze ikhebuli. Gwema ukugoba okucijile futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izintambo azinqanyuliwe noma azigobeki kakhulu ngale kwe-radius enconyiwe.
2. Ukudonsa I-Tension: Uma udonsa izintambo ze-fiber optic ngesikhathi sokufakwa, kubalulekile ukugwema ukungezwani okukhulu. Amandla okudonsa ngokweqile angelula noma alimaze izintambo, kubangele ukulahleka kwesignali noma ukuphuka. Sebenzisa amasu okudonsa afanele kanye nezinto zokusebenza eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izintambo ze-fiber optic ukuvimbela ukucindezela ngokweqile.
3. Ukuvikelwa Ekulimaleni Kwemishini: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zintekenteke kakhulu kunezintambo zethusi zendabuko futhi zidinga ukuvikeleka ekulimaleni komshini. Qinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zivikelekile ngokufanelekile ekuchosheni, ekumpintsheni, noma emaphethelweni abukhali ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Sebenzisa amapayipi afanelekile, amathreyi ekhebula, noma amashubhu okuvikela ukuvikela ukulimala ngengozi.
4. Ukugwema Ukucindezeleka Okudlulele: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zizwela ingcindezi eyeqile, njengokushuba noma ukucindezela, okungaholela ekulahlekeni kwesignali noma ukwehluleka kwekhebula. Qaphela ukuthi ugweme ukubeka izinto ezisindayo ezintamboni noma ukuzifaka ngaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu ngesikhathi sokufakwa noma ukulungiswa.
5. Ukuphatha Ngezandla Ezihlanzekile: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zizwela kakhulu ezintweni ezingcolile. Lapho uphatha izintambo, qiniseka ukuthi izandla zakho zihlanzekile futhi azinawo ukungcola, amafutha, noma amafutha. Ukungcola okukufayibha kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwesignali noma kuphazamise ikhwalithi yokuxhuma.
6. Ukugwema Ukuchayeka Kumakhemikhali: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zingalimala ngokuchayeka kumakhemikhali noma izincibilikisi. Thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze uvimbele ukuthintana namakhemikhali anjengama-ejenti okuhlanza, izincibilikisi, noma izinto ezibolayo phakathi nokufakwa noma lapho usebenza eduze kwezintambo ze-fiber optic.
7. Ukuvikelwa Ezicini Zemvelo: Izintambo ze-fiber optic kufanele zivikelwe ezicini zemvelo ezinjengomswakama, amazinga okushisa aphakeme, nemisebe ye-UV. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela isimo sezulu ziyathathwa ukuze zifakwe ngaphandle, futhi ucabangele ukusebenzisa amasistimu okulawula amakhebula angaphakathi afanelekile ukuze uvikeleke ezintweni zemvelo ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo.
8. Ukulebula nokubhala imibhalo: Ukulebula ngendlela efanele kanye nokubhala imibhalo yezintambo ze-fiber optic ngesikhathi sokufakwa kubalulekile ekunakekeleni okuzayo nasekuxazululeni izinkinga. Faka ilebula ngokucacile izintambo, izixhumi, nezindawo zokunqamula ukuze usize ukuhlonza futhi unciphise amaphutha phakathi nokulungiswa noma ukuthuthukisa.
9. Ukuhlolwa Okufanelekile Nokuqinisekisa: Ngemva kokufaka, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlola nokuqinisekisa ukuze uqinisekise ubuqotho nokusebenza kwamakhebula e-fiber optic afakiwe. Sebenzisa okokusebenza kokuhlola okufanelekile ukukala amaleveli wamandla okubona, ukuthola noma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa noma ukuboniswa, futhi uqinisekise ikhwalithi yokufaka.
10. Ukufakwa Kochwepheshe Nokunakekelwa: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zidinga ulwazi olukhethekile namathuluzi okufakwa nokugcinwa. Kunconywa ukuthi kube nochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe noma ochwepheshe abanolwazi abasingatha ukufakwa, ukunqanyulwa, nokugcinwa kwezintambo ze-fiber optic ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokusezingeni eliphezulu.

Ngokulandela lokhu kucatshangelwa, ungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukufakwa okuyimpumelelo, ukuphila isikhathi eside, kanye nokusebenza ngokugcwele kwezintambo ze-fiber optic kunethiwekhi yakho noma isicelo.

Yebo, izintambo ze-fiber optic zingasetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwevidiyo, okulalelwayo kanye nedatha. Ubuchwepheshe be-Fiber optic buyashintshashintsha futhi buyakwazi ukuthwala amasignali anhlobonhlobo, okuhlanganisa ividiyo ye-HD, amasignali alalelwayo namasignali edatha yedijithali. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane:

Ukudluliswa kwevidiyo nezwi:

Fizintambo ze-iber optic zifaneleka kahle ukuchazwa kwevidiyo ephezulu (HD) nokudluliswa komsindo. Ubuchwepheshe be-Fiber optic buhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezikwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokuletha amasiginali wevidiyo nawomsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane:

• Amandla omkhawulokudonsa: Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zinomthamo womkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi zendabuko. Lo mthamo omkhulu womkhawulokudonsa uvumela ukudluliswa kwenani elikhulu ledatha, okubalulekile ekuletheni ividiyo enencazelo ephezulu nezimpawu zomsindo. Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zingakwazi ukuphatha amanani edatha aphezulu adingekayo kuvidiyo ye-HD nomsindo, okuqinisekisa ukudluliswa okubushelelezi nokungaphazanyiswa.
• Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Okushesha Kakhulu: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zingadlulisela idatha ngesivinini esisheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekudlulisweni kwevidiyo ye-HD nomsindo, njengoba lawa masignali adinga izinga eliphezulu lokudlulisa idatha ukuze alethe ukubuka okungenazihibe noma ukuzizwisa kokulalela. Izivinini zokudlulisa idatha ezisheshayo zezintambo ze-fiber optic zinika amandla ukudluliswa kokuqukethwe okunencazelo ephezulu ngaphandle kwezinkinga zokubambezeleka noma ukubhafa.
• Ukulahleka Kwesiginali Ephansi: Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zithola ukulahlekelwa kwesignali okuncane ngesikhathi sokudlulisa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumasiginali evidiyo nawomsindo anencazelo ephezulu, njengoba noma ikuphi ukulahleka kwekhwalithi yesignali kungaholela ekwehleni kokubukwayo noma kokulalela. Ukulahlekelwa kwesignali ephansi kwezintambo ze-fiber optic kuqinisekisa ukuthi amasiginali wevidiyo ye-HD nomsindo alethwa ngokucacile nokwethembeka okuphezulu.
• Ukungavikeleki ekuphazamisekeni kwe-Electromagnetic: Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zivikelekile ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) ezingehlisa izinga lesignali. Amakhebuli ethusi angenwa kalula yi-EMI evela ezintweni zikagesi eziseduze noma izintambo zikagesi, ezingathula umsindo futhi zihlanekezele ividiyo noma amasiginali omsindo. Izintambo ze-Fiber optic, ezenziwe ngengilazi noma zepulasitiki, azihlushwa yi-EMI, ziqinisekisa ukudluliswa okuhlanzekile nokungenasiphazamiso kwamasignali anencazelo ephezulu.
• Amabanga amade okudlulisela: Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zingadlulisa amasignali encazelo ephezulu yevidiyo nomsindo kumabanga amade ngaphandle kokonakala kwesignali okubalulekile. Izintambo zethusi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziba nokulahlekelwa kwesignali kanye nokuncipha ngokuhamba kwamabanga amade. Lokhu kwenza izintambo ze-fiber optic zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukudluliswa kwebanga elide, njengokusabalalisa amasiginali wevidiyo ye-HD nomsindo kuzo zonke izindawo ezinkulu noma amakhampasi.
• Ukudluliselwa Okuvikelekile: Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zinikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha levidiyo ye-HD nokudluliswa komsindo. Idatha edluliswa ngezintambo ze-fiber optic kunzima kakhulu ukuyinqamula uma iqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi ezivamile. Ukwengeza, izintambo ze-fiber optic zingasetshenziswa nezimiso zokubethela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa okuphephile kokuqukethwe kwe-HD okubucayi.

Ukudluliswa Kwedatha:

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zifaneleka kakhulu ukudlulisa idatha ngesivinini esikhulu. Bangaphatha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamasiginali wedatha yedijithali, okuhlanganisa idatha ye-inthanethi, idatha yevidiyo, nezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana kwedijithali.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Fiber optic buhlinzeka ngomthamo ophezulu womkhawulokudonsa kanye nokulahlekelwa okuphansi kokudlulisela, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha okushesha nokuthembekile kumabanga amade. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu idatha njengokuphequlula ku-inthanethi, ukudluliswa kwamafayela, ukusakazwa kwevidiyo, i-cloud computing, nezinye izinqubo eziqhutshwa idatha.

Amakhono aphezulu omkhawulokudonsa wezintambo ze-fiber optic avumela ukudluliswa ngesikhathi esisodwa komthamo omkhulu wedatha, okuwenza alungele amanethiwekhi anethrafikhi yedatha esindayo. Ukubambezeleka okuphansi kanye nokonakaliswa kwesignali okuncane kwezintambo ze-fiber optic nakho kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kokudluliswa kwedatha.

Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zingasekela izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokudlulisa idatha, okuhlanganisa i-Ethernet, i-SONET/SDH, i-Fiber Channel, nezinye, okuzenza zihambisane nezinhlelo eziningi zenethiwekhi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwedatha.

Kafushane, izintambo ze-fiber optic zingakwazi ukuphatha kahle kokubili ukudluliswa kwezwi nedatha. Bangakwazi ukudlulisa amasignali ezwi le-analog kanye namasignali ezwi edijithali ngendlela ye-VoIP. Ukwengeza, izintambo ze-fiber optic zingaphatha kahle amasignali edatha, zinikeze ukudluliswa kwedatha okunesivinini esikhulu, okuthembekile, nokuvikelekile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.

Ukuhlola ukusebenza nekhwalithi yezintambo ze-fiber optic kunethiwekhi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwesignali efanele nokuhlonza noma yiziphi izinkinga noma amaphutha. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane yokuthi ungahlola kanjani ukusebenza nekhwalithi yezintambo ze-fiber optic:

1. Ukukalwa kwamandla okubona:

Ukulinganisa amandla okubona kuwukuhlola okuyisisekelo ukuze kutholakale amandla esignali yokubona kukhebula le-fiber optic. Lokhu kuhlola kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lamandla liwela ngaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo ukuze lisebenze kahle. Kubandakanya ukusebenzisa imitha yamandla okukhanya ukuze kukale amandla atholiwe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kunethiwekhi. Ukuqhathanisa amaleveli wamandla alinganisiwe namanani alindelekile kusiza ukukhomba noma yikuphi ukulahleka kwamandla noma okungahambi kahle.

2. Ukuhlola Ukulahleka Kwama-Optical:

Ukuhlolwa kokulahlekelwa kokubona, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukuhlola ukulahlekelwa kokufaka, kukala ukulahleka kwesignali kukonke kukhebula ye-fiber optic noma isixhumanisi. Lokhu kuhlola kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezixhumi, izinhlaka, kanye nesixhumanisi se-fiber optic iyonke. Kubandakanya ukuxhuma umthombo obonakalayo kanye nemitha yamandla ekugcineni kwekhebula noma isixhumanisi kanye nokulinganisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Ukuhlolwa kokulahlekelwa kwamehlo kusiza ukukhomba amaphuzu alahleka kakhulu, izixhumi ezinephutha, noma izigaba ezihlukene ngokungafanele.

3. I-Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (OTDR):

I-Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) iyindlela yokuhlola enamandla enikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nekhebula le-fiber optic, okuhlanganisa ubude bayo, izindawo zezingcezu, izixhumi, nanoma imaphi amaphutha noma amakhefu. I-OTDR ithumela i-pulse yokukhanya ku-fiber futhi ikala ukukhanya okubonisiwe njengoba ibuyela emuva. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi ithole futhi ithole izinkinga ezinjengokuphuka, ukugoba, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, noma ukungafani. Ukuhlolwa kwe-OTDR kuwusizo ikakhulukazi kuzixhumanisi zokudonsa isikhathi eside noma zangaphandle ze-fiber optic.

4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Chromatic Dispersion and Polarization Dispersion (PMD):

I-Chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) yizinto ezimbili ezingathinta ikhwalithi yamasiginali adlulisiwe kumakhebula e-fiber optic. Ukuhlakazeka kwe-Chromatic kwenzeka lapho ubude beza beza obuhlukile bokukhanya buhamba ngesivinini esihlukile, okuholela ekuphendukezeleni kwesignali. I-PMD ibangelwa ukuhlukahluka kwejubane lokukhanya lokukhanya ezindaweni ezahlukene ze-polarization. Kokubili ukuhlakazeka kwe-chromatic kanye ne-PMD kungakhawulela ibanga lokudlulisela kanye namazinga edatha. Izisetshenziswa zokuhlola ezikhethekile zisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa nokuhlola le mingcele, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula le-fiber optic lihlangabezana nezicaciso zokusebenza ezidingekayo.

5. Ukuhlolwa Kwesilinganiso Sephutha Le-Bit (BERT):

I-Bit Error Rate Testing (BERT) ikala ikhwalithi yesiginali edlulisiwe ngokuhlola inani lamaphutha amancane enzeka phakathi nokudlulisa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-BERT kuhilela ukudlulisa iphethini eyaziwayo yamabhithi ngentambo ye-fiber optic nokuqhathanisa iphethini eyamukelwe naleyo edlulisiwe. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuhlonza izinkinga ezinjengomsindo owedlulele, ukonakala kwesignali, noma okunye ukonakala okungathinta ubuqotho bedatha nokusebenza kwesixhumanisi se-fiber optic.

6. Ukuhlola Ubuso Kwesixhumi:

Ukuhlola ubuso bokuphela kwesixhumi ukuhlola okubonakalayo okuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kanye nekhwalithi yezixhumi. Uthuli, ukungcola, noma ukungcola ebusweni bokuphela kwesixhumi kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwesignali noma kwehlise isithunzi ikhwalithi yoxhumo. Ukuhlola kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-fiberscope noma isibonakhulu ukuze kuhlolwe indawo yesixhumi futhi kuhlonzwe noma yikuphi ukonakala, ukuklwebheka, noma ukungcola. Ukuhlanza njalo nokuhlolwa kobuso bokuphela kwesixhumi kusiza ukugcina ukusebenza kwezintambo ze-fiber optic.

7. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwesixhumanisi Se-Fiber:

Ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi kubandakanya ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwayo yonke isixhumanisi se-fiber optic, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa kokulahlekelwa kwamehlo, nokuqinisekiswa kwamanye amapharamitha. Ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi kuqinisekisa ukuthi isixhumanisi se-fiber optic sihlangabezana namazinga adingekayo kanye nokucaciswa komkhakha. Ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa okokusebenza okukhethekile kwesitifiketi sefayibha kanye nesofthiwe.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinqubo zokuhlola kanye nezinto zokusebenza zingahluka ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile namazinga enethiwekhi ye-fiber optic. Ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe noma ochwepheshe abanolwazi ekuhloleni i-fiber optic kufanele benze lezi zivivinyo ukuze baqinisekise ukunemba nokwethembeka.

Ngokwenza lezi zivivinyo, ungahlola ukusebenza nekhwalithi yezintambo ze-fiber optic kunethiwekhi yakho, uthole noma yiziphi izinkinga noma amaphutha, futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuwalungisa, uqinisekise ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokuphumelelayo.

Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zinikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezintambo, okuzenza zivikeleke kakhulu ekulaleleni nasekuvinjweni kwedatha. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane:

1. Ukuphepha Komzimba: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinzima kakhulu ukungena kuzo uma ziqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi. Izintambo zethusi zikhipha amasignali kagesi angabanjwa futhi aqashwe. Ngokuphambene, izintambo ze-fiber optic zidlulisela idatha zisebenzisa ama-pulses okukhanya, angakhiphi amasignali kazibuthe kagesi angabanjwa kalula. Lesi sici sokuvikeleka esiphathekayo senza izintambo ze-fiber optic zingathinteki kalula ekulaleleni kwangaphandle.
2. Ukulahleka Kwesiginali: Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zithola ukulahlekelwa kwesignali okuncane ngesikhathi sokudlulisa. Noma yimuphi umzamo wokungena kukhebuli ye-fiber optic nokukhipha idatha kuzodala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kumandla esignali, kwenze kube nzima ukunqamula nokucacisa ulwazi oludluliswayo. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwesignali kuyabonakala futhi kungaxwayisa abalawuli benethiwekhi ngemizamo engaba khona yokulalela.
3. Ukudlulisa Okusekelwe Ekukhanyeni: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zisebenzisa ukudlulisa okusekelwe ekukhanyeni, okuveza elinye izinga lokuphepha. Njengoba idatha idluliswa njengama-pulses okukhanya, kunzima ukunqamula isignali ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukudlulisela ngokwayo. Uma kwenziwa umzamo ongagunyaziwe wokuthinta ikhebula le-fiber optic, kubangela ukuphuka noma ukuphazamiseka kusiginali yokukhanya, ixwayisa abalawuli benethiwekhi ngomzamo wokuphazamisa.
4. Idatha Ebethelwe: Nakuba izintambo ze-fiber optic ngokwazo zinganikezi ukubethela, idatha edluliswa ngalawa makhebuli ingabethelwa. Ukubhala ngekhodi kuhilela ukubhala ngekhodi idatha ngendlela engaqoshwa kuphela amaqembu agunyaziwe ngokhiye abafanelekile bokubethela. Ngokubhala ngemfihlo idatha, ngisho noma umuntu ongagunyaziwe ekwazi ukuvimba idatha edlulisiwe, ngeke akwazi ukucacisa ulwazi olubethelwe.
5. Vikela Ingqalasizinda Yenethiwekhi: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zivame ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi evikelekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuphepha ezifana nezindonga zokuvikela, amasistimu okuthola ukungena, namaphrothokholi wokubethela idatha. Lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe ziqinisa ukuvikeleka okuphelele kwenethiwekhi futhi zithuthukisa ukuvikeleka ekulaleleni nasekuvinjweni kwedatha.
6. Ubunzima Ekuthepheni: Izici ezibonakalayo zezintambo ze-fiber optic zikwenza kube inselele ukuthinta ikhebula ngaphandle kokutholwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi, ezingabanjwa kalula ngokumane wenze uxhumano olubonakalayo, ukushaya izintambo ze-fiber optic kudinga imishini eyinkimbinkimbi nekhethekile. Lokhu kwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha futhi kwenza kube nzima kakhulu kubantu abangagunyaziwe ukuthi babambe idatha.

Nakuba izintambo ze-fiber optic zinikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezintambo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi alukho uhlelo oluvikeleke ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlaselwa. Kusatuseka ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe futhi ulandele izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela idatha ebucayi nokugcina ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi.

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinesikhathi eside sokuphila esinganwebeka amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Ukuphila okujwayelekile kwezintambo ze-fiber optic kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ikhwalithi yezintambo, indawo yokufaka, kanye nezinqubo zokuzilungisa. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane:

Ikhwalithi Yezintambo Ze-Fiber Optic:

Izinga lezintambo ze-fiber optic lidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ubude bempilo yazo. Amakhebuli ekhwalithi ephezulu akhiqizwa abakhiqizi abahloniphekile bavame ukuba nesikhathi eside sokuphila uma kuqhathaniswa nekhwalithi ephansi noma izintambo zomgunyathi. Amakhebuli ekhwalithi ephezulu aklanyelwe ukumelana nezici zemvelo futhi agcine ubuqotho besignali phakathi nenkathi enwetshiwe.

Ukufakwa Kwemvelo:

Indawo yokufaka izintambo ze-fiber optic ingaba nomthelela wokuphila kwazo. Amakhebuli afakwe ezindaweni ezilawulwayo, njengezilungiselelo zasendlini noma amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba, avamise ukuchayeka ekucindezelekeni okumbalwa kwangaphandle futhi anokuphila okude. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhebuli afakwe ezindaweni eziqinile, njengokufakwa emoyeni, ukuthunyelwa ngaphansi kwamanzi, noma ukufakwa kwangaphandle okunamazinga okushisa aphakeme noma umswakama, angase abe neminyaka yokuphila emfushane kancane ngenxa yokwanda kokuchayeka ezicini zemvelo.

Izinqubo Zokulungisa:

Ukugcinwa okuvamile nokubamba ngendlela efanele kunganweba kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila sezintambo ze-fiber optic. Ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuhlanza, kanye nemisebenzi yokunakekela okuvikelayo kungasiza ekuhlonzeni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga ezingase zibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwezintambo. Ukwengeza, ukulandela izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokufakwa, njengokugcina i-bend radii efanele nokuvikela izintambo ekulimaleni ngokomzimba, kungase futhi kube nomthelela esikhathini eside sempilo yezintambo.

Amazinga Womkhakha Neziqinisekiso:

Izintambo ze-fiber optic ngokuvamile ziklanywa futhi zenziwa ngokuya ngamazinga embonini kanye nokucaciswa kwawo. Lawa mazinga avame ukuchaza ubude besikhathi obulindelekile bezintambo ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza. Ukwengeza, abakhiqizi abahloniphekile bavame ukunikeza iziqinisekiso zezintambo zabo, ezinganikeza amakhasimende isiqinisekiso sesikhathi sokuphila esilindelekile.

Okulindelekile Ukuphila Kwaphakade:

Nakuba ingekho inombolo emisiwe yesikhathi sokuphila sezintambo ze-fiber optic, akuvamile ukuthi izintambo ze-fiber optic ezifakwe kahle nezinakekelwa kahle zihlale iminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-30 noma ngaphezulu. Eqinisweni, kuye kwaba nezimo lapho izintambo ze-fiber optic ezifakwe emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule zisasebenza ngokuthembekile nanamuhla. Uma nje amakhebuli engaphansi kwengcindezi eyeqile, ukulimala ngokomzimba, noma izici zemvelo ezehlisa ubuqotho bawo, anganikeza ukusebenza okuthembekile esikhathini eside.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye namazinga omkhakha athuthukayo kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha be-fiber optic esikhathini esizayo. Ukuthuthukela kubuchwepheshe obusha kungase kunikeze ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe namandla, ngisho noma amakhebuli akhona asasebenza phakathi nesikhathi sawo sokuphila esilindelekile.

Kafushane, ubude besikhathi sokuphila obujwayelekile bezintambo ze-fiber optic zinganwetshwa amashumi eminyaka ambalwa uma ziyikhwalithi ephezulu, zifakwe ngokucatshangelwayo, zigcinwe kahle, futhi zisebenza ezindaweni ezifanele. Ukulandela izindinganiso zomkhakha, izincomo zomkhiqizi, kanye nezinqubo zokulungisa ezivamile kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuphila isikhathi eside nokusebenza okuthembekile kwezintambo ze-fiber optic kunethiwekhi.

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zingasetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima zemvelo, okuhlanganisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezithile bese ukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele zezintambo ze-fiber optic eziklanyelwe ngokuqondile izimo ezinjalo. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane:

Amazinga Okushisa Aphakeme:

• Amazinga Okushisa Aphezulu: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zingaklanywa ukuthi zimelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ziwavumele ukuthi asetshenziswe ezindaweni lapho amazinga okushisa afinyelela khona noma eqe amazinga okusebenza avamile. Amakhebuli akhethekile anezinto ezimelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, njenge-acrylate ephezulu noma i-polyimide coatings, ayatholakala ukuze asetshenziswe njengezinqubo zezimboni, i-aerospace, noma ukukhiqiza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
• Amazinga Okushisa Aphansi: Izintambo ze-fiber optic nazo zingaklanywa ukuthi zimelane namazinga okushisa aphansi, zivumele ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezindaweni ezibanda kakhulu. Amakhebuli anezinto ezinezinga lokushisa eliphansi, njenge-low-smoke zero-halogen (LSZH) noma ama-acrylate anezinga lokushisa eliphansi, afanele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokugcina ezibandayo, izifunda ze-arctic, noma indawo yangaphandle.

Kubalulekile ukukhetha izintambo ze-fiber optic ezinezilinganiso zokushisa ezifanele ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwazo okuthembekile ezimweni zokushisa ezeqisayo. Amakhebuli ekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuvamile anikezela ngamazinga okushisa abanzi ukuze asetshenziswe.

Ukuswakama Okuphezulu Nomswakama:

• Umswakamo Wangaphandle Nangaphakathi: Izintambo ze-fiber optic ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zangaphandle noma zasendlini ezinamazinga aphezulu okuswakama kufanele zakhelwe ngezinto ezimelana namanzi noma ezivimba amanzi. Lezi zintambo zivame ukuba nezakhiwo ezigcwele ijeli noma ezinebhafa ezivimbela umswakama ukuthi ungangeni kukhebula futhi ubangele ukuwohloka kwesignali.
• Izicelo ezingaphansi kwamanzi noma ezingaphansi kwamanzi: Izintambo ze-fiber optic eziklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphansi kwamanzi noma ezingaphansi kwamanzi, njengezixhumanisi zokuxhumana ngaphansi kwamanzi noma izindawo zasolwandle, akhiwe ngokukhethekile ukuze amelane namanzi futhi amelane nokugqwala. Lezi zintambo zinezendlalelo ezengeziwe zokuzivikela, njengezinto ezivimbela amanzi namajakhethi angaphandle aqinile, ukuze zimelane nokuchayeka isikhathi eside emanzini kanye nomswakama.

Amakhebuli aklanyelwe izimo zemvelo ezinzima ngokuvamile athobela izindinganiso ezithile zemboni noma izitifiketi, ezifana namazinga e-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) noma i-National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). Lawa mazinga achaza izimo zemvelo izintambo ezingasebenza ngaphansi kwazo ngokwethembeka.

Kuhle ukusho ukuthi izimo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu zisengaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezintambo ze-fiber optic. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezengeziwe, ezifana nokuphathwa kwekhebula ngendlela efanele, izindawo zokungena zokuvala, noma ukusebenzisa izivalo zokuzivikela, ukuze kuvikelwe izintambo ezicini zangaphandle ezingase ziphazamise ukusebenza kwazo.

Kafushane, izintambo ze-fiber optic zingasetshenziswa ezimweni zemvelo ezinzima, okuhlanganisa amazinga okushisa adlulele kanye nomswakama ophezulu, inqobo nje uma ziklanywe ngokukhethekile futhi zilinganiselwe lezo zimo. Ngokukhetha izintambo ezinezilinganiso ezifanelekile zokushisa nezingamela umswakama, nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvikela ezifanele, izintambo ze-fiber optic zingasebenza ngokuthembekile kuzinhlobonhlobo zezimo zemvelo ezidingekayo.

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zingakwazi ukuphatha ukugoba nokujika ngokwezinga elithile, kodwa kunemikhawulo okudingeka icatshangelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokugwema ukulahlekelwa kwesignali. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane:

Radius eguqa:

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinezichasiselo zerediyasi egobayo encane ezichaza irediyasi encane kakhulu lapho zingagotshwa khona ngaphandle kokubangela ukonakala kwesignali. Irediyasi yokugoba ngokuvamile icaciswa umkhiqizi wekhebula futhi incike ohlotsheni lwekhebula nomklamo. Kubalulekile ukunamathela kulezi ziqondiso ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa ngokweqile noma ukulimala kwe-fiber.

I-Single-Mode Fiber (SMF):

I-Single-mode fiber (SMF) inosayizi omncane oyinhloko futhi izwela kakhulu ekugobeni uma iqhathaniswa ne-multimode fiber. I-SMF ngokuvamile inesidingo esiqinile serediyasi ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi yesiginali ephelele. Ukugobela i-SMF ngale kwerediyasi enconyiwe kungase kuphumele ekuncipheni okwengeziwe, ukulahlekelwa amandla esignali, noma ngisho nokuphuka kwefayibha.

I-Multimode Fiber (MMF):

I-Multimode fiber (MMF) ngokuvamile inosayizi omkhulu oyinhloko, ovumela ukubekezelela okukhulu ukugoba uma kuqhathaniswa ne-SMF. I-MMF ngokuvamile inesidingo serediyasi ekhululeke kakhudlwana. Nokho, kusabalulekile ukuthobela izimiso zomkhiqizi ukuze ugweme noma yikuphi ukulahleka kwesignali okungaba khona noma ukonakala.

Imikhawulo Nokucatshangelwa:

Naphezu kokugobeka kwezintambo ze-fiber optic, kukhona ukulinganiselwa nokucatshangelwa okufanele kukhunjulwe:

1. Irediyasi yokugoqa encane: Ukweqa ubuncane berediyasi yokugoba ecaciswe umkhiqizi wekhebula kungaholela ekwenyukeni kokulahlekelwa kwesignali, ukuncipha, kanye nokulimala okungaba khona kwefayibha. Kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zomkhiqizi wohlobo oluthile lwekhebula.
2. I-Bend-Insensitive Fiber: Ezinye izintambo ze-fiber optic ziklanywe ngemicu engezwani nokugoba. Le micu ithuthukise ukusebenza ezimeni zokugoba okuqinile, okuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu emzileni wekhebula. Amafayibha angezwani nokugoba angakwazi ukuphatha ukugoba okuqinile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwesignali okuphawulekayo.
3. Amasu okufaka: Amasu afanele wokufaka ikhebula, njengokusebenzisa ukugoba kancane kancane nokugwema ama-kink abukhali, abalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho besignali. Ukufaka izintambo ngamandla amakhulu noma ukuzigoba kuma-engeli abukhali kungabangela ukungahambi kahle kwefayibha, ukuncishana okwengeziwe, noma kuphule ifayibha.
4. Amakhebuli Alungele Ukugoba: Izintambo ze-fiber optic ezigobe kahle ziyatholakala emakethe eziklanyelwe ngqo ukumelana nokugoba okuqinile ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza. Lezi zintambo zisebenzisa imiklamo ekhethekile yefayibha noma okokunamathela okunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali kuzimo zokugoba.
5. Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside: Nakuba izintambo ze-fiber optic zingakwazi ukubekezelela ukugoba kwesikhashana phakathi nokufakwa noma ukulungiswa, ukugoba kwesikhathi eside noma unomphela kungase kube nemiphumela enqwabelene eyehlisa ukusebenza kwekhebula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukugoba isikhathi eside kungabangela ukuwohloka kwesignali okwandisiwe noma ukwehluleka kwefiber.
6. Izinhlobo Zefayibha Nokwakhiwa Kwekhebula: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zefayibha kanye nokwakhiwa kwamakhebula kunezici zokugoba ezihlukene. Kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwefayibha nokwakhiwa kwekhebula ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezinga elilindelekile lokuguquguquka okudingekayo.

Kafushane, izintambo ze-fiber optic zingakwazi ukuphatha ukugoba nokujika ngokwezinga elithile, kodwa kunemikhawulo nokucatshangelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle. Kubalulekile ukunamathela ezicacisweni zomkhiqizi zerediyasi egobayo futhi usebenzise amasu okufaka afanele ukuze ugweme ukulahleka kwesignali ngokweqile, ukuncishiswa, noma ukulimala kwefayibha. Ngokulandela lezi ziqondiso, izintambo ze-fiber optic zingagcina ukudluliswa kwesignali okuthembekile ngisho nalapho zingaphansi kokugoba nokujika ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yazo ebekiwe.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezixhumi ezisetshenziswa ngezintambo ze-fiber optic, ngayinye enezici zayo, izinzuzo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane yezinye izinhlobo zezixhumi ezivame ukusetshenziswa:

1. I-SC (Isixhumi Sokubhalisa):

Izixhumi ze-SC zingenye yezinhlobo zokuxhuma ezidume kakhulu. Zifaka umumo wesikwele, indlela yokuhlanganisa i-push-pull eqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuvikelekile. Izixhumi ze-SC kulula ukuzifaka nokuzikhipha, okuzenza zisetshenziswe kakhulu kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana kwedatha, izinhlelo zokuxhumana ngocingo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zikamabonakude wekhebula (CATV).

2. I-LC (Isixhumi seLucent):

Izixhumi ze-LC zincane ngosayizi uma ziqhathaniswa nezixhumi ze-SC. Basebenzisa indlela yokuhlanganisa i-push-pull efana nezixhumi ze-SC, okwenza kube lula ukuzifaka nokuyikhipha ezindaweni eziminyana kakhulu. Izixhumi ze-LC zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zesikhungo sedatha, ukufakwa kwe-fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zenethiwekhi ezinesivinini esikhulu.

3. ST (Ithiphu eqondile):

Izixhumi ze-ST zinomshini wokuhlanganisa oyindilinga, wesitayela se-bayonet. Kulula ukuzifaka futhi zinikeze ukuxhumana okuphephile. Izixhumi ze-ST zivame ukusetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi endawo (ama-LAN), izintambo zezakhiwo, namanethiwekhi e-fiber optic adinga ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokuqinile.

4. FC (Isixhumi se-Ferrule):

Izixhumi ze-FC zisebenzisa indlela yokuhlanganisa enentambo ehlinzeka ngoxhumo oluvikeleke kakhulu futhi oluzinzile. Avame ukusetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana ngocingo, okokusebenza kokuhlola, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinemba okuphezulu ezidinga ukuqondanisa okunembe kakhulu.

5. I-MTRJ (I-Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack):

Izixhumi ze-MTRJ ziyizixhumi eziyi-duplex, okusho ukuthi zinemicu emibili kusixhumi esisodwa. Basebenzisa i-push-pull latching mechanism efana neyesixhumi se-RJ45 esisetshenziswa ekuxhumekeni kwe-Ethernet. Izixhumi ze-MTRJ zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhebula ezakhiweni, ekudlulisweni kwedatha, nasezinhlelweni zemultimedia.

6. I-MT-RJ (Ukudluliswa Kwemishini - UJack Obhalisiwe):

Izixhumi ze-MT-RJ nazo ziyizixhumi eziyiduplex ezihlanganisa imicu emibili kusixhumi esisodwa. Zifaka i-push-pull latching mechanism futhi zincane ngosayizi uma ziqhathaniswa nezixhumi ze-MTRJ. Izixhumi ze-MT-RJ zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuminyana okuphezulu, njengezikhungo zedatha namanethiwekhi okuxhumana ngocingo.

7. I-MPO/MTP (I-Multi-fiber Push-On/Multi-Fiber Termination Push-on):

Izixhumi ze-MPO/MTP ziyizixhumi ezinamafayibha amaningi ezikwazi ukufaka amafayibha amaningi kusixhumi esisodwa. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni eziphakeme kakhulu ezifana nezikhungo zedatha namanethiwekhi omgogodla. Izixhumi ze-MPO/MTP zinika amandla ukuxhumeka okusheshayo nokuphumelelayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, okufaka phakathi ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esiphezulu kanye nokubona okuhambisanayo.

Lezi zinhlobo zezixhumi ezibalulwe ngenhla zimele ezinye ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zokuxhuma ezitholakalayo futhi, ngayinye yakhelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile noma izidingo zemboni. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezifana nokufaka kalula, izidingo zokuminyana, nokuhambisana nesisetshenziswa uma ukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwesixhumi sokufakwa okuthile kwe-fiber optic.

Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zinikeza ukuguquguquka kokuthuthukiswa okuzayo nokwandiswa kwenethiwekhi. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane yokuthi izintambo ze-fiber optic zingathuthukiswa kanjani kalula noma zandiswe:

1. Ukwehluka:

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinikeza ukukala, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa nokunwetshwa okuzayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinguquko ezibalulekile zengqalasizinda. Umthamo omkhulu womkhawulokudonsa wezintambo ze-fiber optic uvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha enkulu, evumela ukukhula kwesikhathi esizayo kanye nezidingo ezikhulayo zomkhawulokudonsa.

2. Ukuthuthukisa Izinsiza Zenethiwekhi:

Ukuthuthukisa noma ukwandisa inethiwekhi ye-fiber optic ngokuvamile kungafinyelelwa ngokuthuthukisa okokusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuxhunywe kumakhebuli akhona e-fiber optic. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka futhi amanani edatha aphezulu etholakala, okokusebenza kwenethiwekhi okufana namaswishi, amarutha, nama-transceiver angathuthukiswa ukuze asekele izindinganiso ezintsha. Izintambo ezikhona ze-fiber optic zingahlala zisendaweni, njengoba zikwazi ukuphatha amanani edatha anyukile.

3. Ukuhambisana ne-New Technologies:

Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zihambisana nobuchwepheshe bokudlulisa obuhlukahlukene, izivumelwano, namazinga edatha. Lokhu kuhambisana kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kobuchwepheshe obusha nezinto zokusebenza esikhathini esizayo. Inqobo nje uma okokusebenza okusha nobuchwepheshe buhambisana nokucaciswa kwezintambo ze-fiber optic, ukuthuthukisa noma ukwandisa inethiwekhi kuba lula uma kuqhathaniswa.

4. I-Passive Optical Network (PON) Architecture:

Amanethiwekhi e-Fiber optic asebenzisa izakhiwo ze-Passive Optical Network (PON) afaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuthuthukiswa nokunwetshwa okuzayo. Ama-PON avumela ingqalasizinda yefiber okwabelwana ngayo, okwenza abasebenzisi abaningi babelane ngezintambo ezifanayo ze-fiber optic. Ukuthuthukiswa ngaphakathi kwe-PON ngokuvamile kungafinyelelwa ngokungeza noma ukuthuthukisa amatheminali olayini obonakalayo (OLTs) namayunithi enethiwekhi yokubona (ONUs) ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha izintambo ze-fiber optic.

5. I-Fiber Splicing nezixhumi:

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinganwetshwa noma zinwetshwe ngokuhlanganisa izintambo ezengeziwe ze-fiber optic kulawa akhona. I-fiber splicing ihilela ukujoyina unomphela izintambo ze-fiber optic kusetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa noma amasu okuhlanganisa ngomshini. Lokhu kuvumela ukunweba inethiwekhi noma ukuxhuma izingxenye ezintsha zenethiwekhi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintshwa kwekhebula okukhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixhumi zingasetshenziswa ukuxhuma izintambo ezengeziwe ze-fiber optic noma okokusebenza kunethiwekhi. Izixhumi zihlinzeka ngezindlela ezikhiphekayo nezilungisekayo zokwengeza noma zokususa imicu noma ukuxhumana njengoba kudingeka.

6. Ukuqinisekisa Ikusasa:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Fiber optic bubhekwa njengobufakazi besikhathi esizayo, okusho ukuthi bungavumela ukuthuthuka kwesikhathi esizayo kanye nesivinini esiphezulu. Njengoba isidingo sokusheshisa ukudluliswa kwedatha sikhula, izintambo ze-fiber optic zihlinzeka ngengqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze isekele lezi ntuthuko ngaphandle kokudinga izinguquko ezibalulekile kukhebula elibonakalayo.

Kafushane, izintambo ze-fiber optic zinikeza ukuguquguquka nokuqina okudingekayo ekuthuthukisweni okuzayo nokwandiswa kwenethiwekhi. Zingathuthukiswa kalula ngokufaka esikhundleni noma ukuthuthukisa okokusebenza kwenethiwekhi, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo, ukuhlanganisa izintambo ezengeziwe, noma ukusebenzisa izixhumi ukuxhuma imishini noma izingxenye ezintsha. Izintambo ze-fiber optic zenzelwe ukubhekelela intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo, okuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokuhlela nokukhula kwenethiwekhi yesikhathi eside.

Izintambo ze-fiber optic azibeki ukukhathazeka okubalulekile kwezempilo okuhlobene nemisebe noma izinkundla ze-electromagnetic. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane:

1. Akukho Ukukhishwa Kwemisebe:

Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zisebenzisa ukudlulisa okusekelwe ekukhanyeni ukuze zidlulisele idatha, okusho ukuthi azikhiphi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemisebe. Ngokungafani nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana okungenazintambo noma izintambo zikagesi ezithile, izintambo ze-fiber optic azikhiqizi imisebe ye-electromagnetic njengamaza omsakazo, ama-microwaves, noma ama-X-ray. Ngakho-ke, abukho ubungozi bokuchayeka emisebeni eyingozi evela ezintamboni ze-fiber optic.

2. Ukungavikeleki ekuphazanyisweni kwe-Electromagnetic (EMI):

Enye yezinzuzo zamakhebula e-fiber optic ukungatheleleki kwawo ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Ngokungafani nezintambo zethusi, izintambo ze-fiber optic aziwuhambisi ugesi, okuwenza amelane kakhulu ne-EMI. Lokhu kuvikeleka ku-EMI kuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo ze-fiber optic azikhiqizi noma azikhulisi izinkambu kazibuthe kagesi ezingase ziphazamise imishini kagesi ebucayi noma zidale ukukhathazeka ngezempilo.

3. Ukuphepha Ezindaweni Zogesi:

Izintambo ze-fiber optic zivame ukukhethwa ngenxa yokuphepha kwazo ezindaweni ezingaba yingozi. Ayina-conductive futhi ayiwuphathi umsinga kagesi, iqeda izingozi ezihlobene nokushaqeka kukagesi noma izingozi zomlilo. Lesi sici senza izintambo ze-fiber optic zifaneleke ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo zezimboni, izimboni zamandla kagesi, noma izindawo ezinemishini yamandla kagesi aphezulu.

4. Akukho Ukuzwela kwe-Electromagnetic:

Izintambo ze-fiber optic azithintwa izinkambu zangaphandle ze-electromagnetic noma umsindo kagesi. Ngokungafani nezintambo zethusi, ezingaba lula ekuphazamisekeni kwezintambo zikagesi eziseduze noma izinto zikagesi, izintambo ze-fiber optic azikwazi ukuphazanyiswa yizibuthe zikagesi. Lokhu kuvikeleka kuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha edlulisiwe ihlala ingathinteki futhi igcina ubuqotho bayo.

5. Azikho Izingozi Zezempilo Ezivela Kuzimpawu Ze-Fiber Optic:

Izimpawu zokukhanya ezisetshenziswa ezintamboni ze-fiber optic azinangozi empilweni yomuntu. Izimpawu ze-fiber optic ngokuvamile zinamandla aphansi futhi zihamba ngaphakathi kwefayibha ngaphandle kokusabalala endaweni ezungezile. Lokhu kuqeda noma yiziphi izingozi zezempilo ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokuchayeka kumasignali okukhanya adlulisiwe.

Kafushane, izintambo ze-fiber optic azibeki ukukhathazeka okubalulekile kwezempilo okuhlobene nemisebe noma izinkambu ze-electromagnetic. Azikhiphi noma yimiphi imisebe, azikwazi ukuphazanyiswa yi-electromagnetic, futhi zibhekwa njengephephile ezindaweni zikagesi. Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zinikeza izindlela ezivikelekile nezithembekile zokudlulisa idatha ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izingcuphe zezempilo ezihambisanayo.

Uma kuziwa ezindlekweni nasekunakekeleni, izintambo ze-fiber optic zinezinzuzo ezithile nokucatshangelwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezintambo ezifana nezintambo zethusi noma ze-coaxial. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane:

Izindleko:

1. Izindleko Zokufaka: Izindleko zokufaka zokuqala zezintambo ze-fiber optic ngokuvamile ziphezulu kunezintambo zethusi noma ze-coaxial. Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zidinga amathuluzi akhethekile nobungcweti bokufakwa. Ukwengeza, izindleko zezixhumi ze-fiber optic, okokusebenza kokunqanyulwa, neziphakeli ze-fusion zingaba nomthelela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zangaphambili.
2. Izindleko Zesikhathi Eside: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinenzuzo enkulu ngokwezindleko zesikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile zidinga ukulungiswa okuncane futhi zinokwethenjelwa okuphezulu, okuholela ezindleko eziphansi zokunakekelwa nokulungisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zisengozini encane yokuphazanyiswa yi-electromagnetic, ukugqwala, nokulahlekelwa kwesignali, okunciphisa isidingo sokushintshwa noma ukulungiswa njalo.
3. Amandla omkhawulokudonsa: Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zinikeza umthamo womkhawulokudonsa ophezulu uma uqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi noma ze-coaxial. Lo mthamo ophezulu uvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha eyengeziwe futhi isekela amanethiwekhi anesivinini esiphezulu. Nakuba izintambo ze-fiber optic zingase zibe nezindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili, umkhawulokudonsa okhuphukile ungase uvumelane nezidingo zedatha zesikhathi esizayo, okungenzeka kunciphise isidingo sokuthuthukiswa okumba eqolo esikhathini esizayo.

Isondlo:

1. Ukuqina Nokuthembeka: Izintambo ze-fiber optic ziqinile kakhulu futhi zithembekile. Abajwayele ukulimala ngenxa yezici zemvelo ezinjengokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, umswakama, nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe kagesi. Lokhu kwethembeka kunciphisa isidingo sokunakekelwa njalo noma ukushintshwa.
2. Ubuqotho Besiginali: Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zisengozini encane ekulahlekeni kwesignali kanye nokuphazamiseka uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi noma ze-coaxial. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhwalithi yamasiginali adlulisiwe ihlala iphezulu, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungcono kwenethiwekhi kanye nezinkinga ezimbalwa zokunakekela.
3. Izidingo Zokunakekelwa Okuphansi: Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinezidingo zokulungisa ezimbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi noma ze-coaxial. Akuthintwa ukugqwala, futhi imvelo yawo engasindi futhi eguquguqukayo yenza ukufakwa nokugcinwa kube lula. Ukwengeza, izintambo ze-fiber optic azidingi ukunqanyulwa kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile njengezintambo zethusi, ezinganciphisa imizamo yokulungisa kanye nezindleko.
4. Isikhathi Sokuphumula Esincishisiwe: Ngenxa yokuthembeka nobuqotho besignali, izintambo ze-fiber optic zivame ukuba nokucisha okumbalwa noma isikhathi sokuphumula uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zethusi noma ze-coaxial. Lokhu kuhumushela ekwehliseni izindleko zokulungisa ezihambisana nokuxilonga nokuxazulula izinkinga zenethiwekhi.
5. Ukuxazulula Inkinga Ngokushesha: Esimeni sezinkinga zenethiwekhi, ukuxazulula inkinga izintambo ze-fiber optic ngokuvamile ziyashesha futhi zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Izintambo ze-Fiber optic zingahlolwa kusetshenziswa okokusebenza okukhethekile njenge-OTDR (Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer), ehlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokusebenza kwekhebula futhi isiza ukukhomba indawo ngqo yanoma yimaphi amaphutha noma ukuphuka.

Kafushane, kuyilapho izintambo ze-fiber optic zingaba nezindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili zokufakwa, zinikeza ukonga kwezindleko zesikhathi eside ngenxa yezidingo eziphansi zokunakekelwa nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Izintambo ze-Fiber optic nazo zinikeza izinzuzo mayelana nomthamo womkhawulokudonsa kanye nobuqotho besignali. Lezi zici zifaka isandla ekusebenzeni okungcono kwenethiwekhi, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula, nokuxazulula izinkinga okusebenza kahle. Uma kucatshangelwa izinzuzo zesikhathi eside, izintambo ze-fiber optic zingaba ukukhetha okungabizi kakhulu kwengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ethembekile futhi esebenza kakhulu.